1、2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题In a world food system that they have described in the book, food （ ） transported at reasonable cost and produced anywhere in the world is actually or potentially available to any person with the means to purchase it.问题1选项A.can beB.to beC.that can beD.being【
2、答案】C【解析】语法题。根据题意，句子的主语是food，谓语动词是is，所以空格部分应该填入非谓语动词或从句。选项A可排除。动词不定式表将来，-ing分词表现在进行。空格中填入的动词形式体现一般现在时态即可。所以that 引导定语从句，从句构成被动语态。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题Development programs initiated in the tribal-dominated areas often adversely affected the tribal way of life and economy, which was frequently followed by the
3、 ） on traditional tribal areas or land by non-tribals.问题1选项A.encroachmentB.expansionC.enormityD.elevation【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。encroachment “入侵”；expansion “膨胀”；enormity “暴行”；elevation “提升，海拔”。句意：在部落占主导地位的地区开展的发展项目往往对部落的生活方式和经济产生不利影响，并且通常伴随着部落传统领地经常被其他外来种族入侵。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题Davos 2013 is shaping up to be th
4、e year when the forums bank participants try to fade into the background and finally put the financial crisis behind them. Public panels include only two or three devoted to financial services. At the more productive private meetings at the fringes, bankers say discussion is more upbeat than it has-
5、been since the crisis began half a decade ago. Improving eurozone sentiment and a slowly brightening mood among banks corporate clients is heartening for bankers. All the same no one can let go of the topic that has most vexed them for years: ever-increasing regulation. On the core eurozone discussi
6、on, the tone is of cautious optimism. “The system is slowly coming back to life,” said one investment bank boss, pointing to steady signs of eurozone recovery, most recently evident in this weeks Spanish sovereign debt auction. “Theres definitely a change of tone,” added the board member of a US ban
7、k. “Our clients are definitely more upbeat.” Around that average sentiment views ranged widely, stretching from the complacent to the doom laden. “Its hard to see what could go wrong,” said one investment bank boss. That was in stark contrast with a warning from Axel Weber, chairman of UBS and forme
8、r president of Germanys Bundesbank, who said that patchwork fixes by central banks were just disguising problems that will return. Were Jiving a better life now at the expense of future generations,” Mr. Weber said. As at recent Davos forums, the regulatory agenda has provided a focus. Bankers this
9、year have bemoaned the breakdown in an international regulatory framework. Mr. Weber said: “You need a global standard. But this is not happening. He warned that, without a harmonized rule book, the dangers in the global banking system would increase. He contrasted the “Alpine” capital requirements
10、in Switzerland with the diverse structural reforms under way in the US, the UK and potentially the EU. Worse still was the failure of policy makers to look across the financial services industry and join up the thinking on how banks and insurers should be regulated, critics said. One chief executive
11、 of a large US financial group said the regulatory situation was really horrific. If you take a nice business like the insurance business, the chief executive said. Heres an industry that went through the crisis and had almost no problems. Theyve put in a whole new regulatory regime to make sure the
12、y cant make money. Its astonishing. Another bank boss said privately he was extremely worried about the inability of European insurance companies to finance banks, under the prospective Solvency II rules. Tidjane Thiam, chief executive of UK insurer Prudential, said: There is a lack of joined-up thi
13、nking. The insurance industry is traditionally the biggest investor in the banking industry but Solvency II says we cant invest in banks. Friction was also evident between investors and companies, particularly financial groups. Paul Singer, head of Elliott Capital Management, slammed banks for compl
14、etely opaque disclosures that made it impossible to know whether they were “risky or sound”. Most pernicious of all among the regulatory initiatives was the continuing - and arguably worsening -sense of uncertainty over what regulators and politicians have in mind next, particularly in Europe. 1.How
15、 would you characterize the atmosphere at Davos forums 2013?2.Axel Weber would most probably argue that（ ）.3.It may be inferred from the passage that （ ）.4.The regulatory situation is in a bad shape in that （ ）.5.Completely opaque disclosures” in the last paragraph refers to the fact that （ ）.问题1选项A
16、Transitional.B.Proactive.C.Frictional.D.Sanguine.问题2选项A.future generations will have to pay for the life we live todayB.we are living a better life than future generationsC.central banks will come back with solutions to the financial problemsD.measures taken so far have not been effective enough问题3
17、选项A.there is a lack of consensus among bankers with regard to who should be held responsible for the financial crisisB.bank participants at recent Davos forums believe that they need more private discussions of the financial issues than public onesC.problems would come back to haunt the world financ
18、ial sector without a unified regulatory regimeD.experts argue that a book should be written and published that discusses the various structural reforms being undertaken问题4选项A.comprehensive study of the financial sector is absentB.a regulatory framework is absentC.financial sector regulation lacks fo
19、cusD.banks and insurance companies have conflicting interests问题5选项A.banks fail to discover the real causes of the crisisB.banks fail to unveil their financial conditionsC.banks do not have sufficient information on the marketD.banks do not fully operate with the companies【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:
20、D【解析】1.推断题。根据文章第一段，“At the more productive private meetings at the fringes, bankers say discussion is more upbeat than it has-been since the crisis began half a decade ago.”，可知银行家们表示，在会议间隙更富有成效的私人交谈上，讨论的气氛比5年前危机爆发以来的任何时候都要乐观。可推断出2013年达沃斯论坛的气氛是乐观的。选项D符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第二段，“That was in stark contrast wit
21、h a warning from Axel Weber, chairman of UBS and former president of Germanys Bundesbank, who said that patchwork fixes by central banks were just disguising problems that will return.”，可知Axel Weber对于金融业的问题提出了警告，并且表示各国央行的零零碎碎的修补措施只是在掩盖将会重现的问题。所以他认为目前采取的措施还不够有效。选项D符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第三段开头，“As at recent D
22、avos forums, the regulatory agenda has provided a focus. Bankers this year have bemoaned the breakdown in an international regulatory framework. Mr. Weber said: You need a global standard. But this is not happening.”，可知监管议程成为了关注的焦点，银行家们纷纷哀叹监管框架的崩溃，Weber表示全球是需要一个统一标准的，担这个标准还没出现。可推断出如果没有一个统一的监管体制，问题将再
23、次困扰全球金融业。选项C符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第四段， “Worse still was the failure of policy makers to look across the financial services industry and join up the thinking on how banks and insurers should be regulated.”，可知更糟糕的是，政策制定者未能放眼整个金融服务业，并就如何监管银行和保险公司的联合监管开展思考。根据文段“the regulatory situation was really horrific”，可
24、知最终的结果为监管形势真的很糟糕。所以监管形式糟糕的原因在于对整个金融业的监管缺乏重心和重点。选项C符合题意。5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“Friction was also evident between investors and companies, particularly financial groups.”，可知投资者和企业之间的摩擦很明显，尤其是一些金融集团。下文用Elliott Capital Management作为例子进行进一步的说明，可知埃利奥特资本管理公司对银行不透明的信息披露表示不满，导致投资者难以判断处境是危险的还是安全的，可见银行并没有给投资者带来有效的信息
25、以及相应的合作和帮助。所以这里的“Completely opaque disclosures”就是指银行并没有完全和企业合作。4. 单选题The Niger President had caused unease in the West African country following his failure to organize elections when his （ ）elapsed.问题1选项A.tenancyB.tensionC.territoryD.tenure【答案】D【解析】名词词汇辨析。tenancy “租用，租赁，租赁期”；tension “紧张局势”；territor
26、y “领地，领土”；tenure “任期”。句意：尼日尔总统任期结束后未能组织选举，在这个西非国家引起了不安。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题Many an institution has been set up to try and make sense of the inscrutable nature of us human beings, and although （ ）, it is only instrumental in showing how little we really understand.问题1选项A.an inroad has been set upB.the inro
27、ad has been set upC.an inroad has been madeD.inroads have been made【答案】C【解析】固定搭配和语法题。根据后面主句中的it可判断although引导的让步状语从句中主语应该为名词单数，所以选项D可排除。又根据固定搭配make an inroad “取得进展”。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题Under the term “services” （ ） together miscellaneous activities with little in common except other than agriculture, extra
28、ctive industries, utilities and manufacturing.问题1选项A.lumpB.to lumpC.is lumpedD.are lumped【答案】D【解析】语法题。介词短语位于句首，句子用部分倒装，所以选项A和B可排除。根据句子的主语 “miscellaneous activities”为复数，所以为了保持主谓一致，be动词选用复数形式are，选项D符合题意。7. 单选题Looking at history from our unique perspective, well naturally （ ） the powerful example set b
29、y the American Revolution.问题1选项A.remind thatB.be reminded thatC.remind ofD.be reminded of【答案】D【解析】固定搭配和语法。根据空格后“the powerful example set by the American Revolution”，可知这不是一个句子，所以不需要用that引导。选项A和B可排除。又因为固定搭配 “remind sb. of sth.” 使某人想起，sb. 和remind之前存在被动关系。选项D符合题意。8. 单选题If no acquisition was cognized as
30、rightful even in a provisional way （ ） entering the civil condition, the civil condition itself would be impossible.问题1选项A.anterior beforeB.posterior toC.prior beforeD.prior to【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析和固定搭配。anterior“先前的”；posterior to“晚于”；prior to“居先”；prior“优先的”。句意：如果获取行为被认为是合理的，甚至是以暂时的方式提前申请民用条件，那么民用条件本身变得不可
31、能。选项D符合题意。9. 单选题Masked gunmen （ ）in the offices of a French satirical newspaper on Wednesday, the police said, with initial reports saying that as many as 11 people had been killed and 10 wounded.问题1选项A.opened fireB.were opening fireC.opened firesD.was opening a fire【答案】A【解析】语法题。根据the police said可判断
32、这个句子的时态为一般过去时态，所以动词要用过去式，再有固定搭配“open fire”，意为“开火”。句意：警方称，蒙面枪手周三在一家法国讽刺新闻的办公室里开火了，最初报道称多达11人被杀，10人受伤。选项A符合题意。10. 问答题 In my view, such a mechanical prediction misses the mark. For one thing, countries sometimes react to the rise of a single power by bandwagoning, much as Mussolini did when he decided
33、 to ally with Hitler. Proximity to and perceptions of threat also affect the way in which countries react. The United States benefits from its geographical separation from Europe and Asia in that it often appears as a less proximate threat than neighboring countries inside those regions. Indeed, in
34、1945, the Unites States was by far the strongest nation on earth, and a mechanical application of balancing theory would have predicted an alliance against it. Instead, Europe and Japan allied with the Americans because the Soviet Union, while weaker in overall power, posed a greater military threat
35、 because of its geographical proximity and its lingering revolutionary ambitions. Today, Iraq and Iran both dislike the United States and might be expected to work together to balance American power in the Persian Gulf, but they worry even more about each other. Nationalism can also complicate predi
36、ctions. For example, if North Korea and South Korea are reunited, they should have a strong incentive to maintain an alliance with a distant power such as the United States in order to balance their two giant neighbors, China and Japan. But intense nationalism resulting in opposition to an American
37、presence could change this if American diplomacy is heavy-headed. Non-state actors can also have an effect, as witnessed by the way cooperation against terrorists changed some states behavior after September 2001. A good case can be made that inequality of power can be a source of peace and stabilit
38、y. No matter how power is measured, some theorists argue, an equal distribution of power among major states has been relatively rare in history, and efforts to maintain a balance have often led to war. On the other hand, inequality of power has often led to peace and stability because there was litt
39、le point in declaring war on a dominant state. The political scientist Robert Gilpin has argued that Pax Britannica and Pax Americana, like the Pax Ronuina, ensured an international system of relative peace and security. And the economist Charles Kindleberger claimed that for the world economy to be
40、 stabilized, there has to be a stabilizer, one stabilizer. Global governance requires a large state to take the lead. But how much and what kind of inequality of power is necessary-or tolerable-and for how long? If the leading country defines its interests narrowly and uses its weight arrogantly, it
41、 increases the incentives for others to coordinate to escape its hegemony. Some countries chafe under the weight of American power more than others. Hegemony is sometimes used as a term of opprobrium by political leaders in countries such as Russia. The term is used less often or less negatively in
42、countries where American soft power is strong. If hegemony means being able to dictate, or at least dominate, the rules and arrangements by which international relations are conducted, then the United States is hardly a hegemony today. It does have a predominant voice and vote in the IMF, but it can
43、not alone choose the director. It has not been able to prevail over Europe and Japan in the WTO. It opposed the Land Mines Treaty but could not prevent it from coming into existence. 1.According to this passage, what does the “mechanical prediction” in the first sentence predict?2.What is the meanin
44、g of “if American diplomacy is heavy-headed”？3.Please list all the factors that affect the ways in which countries react to a stronger power.4.What point does Robert Gilpin try to make in his observation quoted in paragraph 2?5.What should the leading country do to ensure that other countries would
45、work with it?【答案】1.A mechanical application of balancing theory would have predicted an alliance against the strong nation.2.It means that American diplomacy is dull.3.Other countries reaction; proximity to and perceptions of threat; nationalism; the diplomacy of the strong power;non-state actors.4.
46、Inequality of power has often led to peace and stability because there was little point in declaring war on a dominant state.5.The leading country should defend its legitimate interests and use its leading power justly.11. 单选题Seller takes the view that women who uncritically adopt philosophical conc
47、eptions of knowledge may find themselves saddled with consequences that are （ ） their perceptions of the world and their politics.问题1选项A.at odds withB.over the odds forC.against all odds withD.within the odds for【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。at odds with “意见不一致”，没有B、C和D选项的搭配。句意：塞勒认为，那些不加批判地接受哲学知识观念的女性，可能会发现自己背负着与她们对世界和政治的看法不一致的结果。选项A符合题意。12. 单选题Nye argues that the interests of the international community are not illusory, that they are（ ） of our national interests, which cannot be achieved without help from other nations.问题1选项A.particleB.pa
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