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1、隧道洞口及明洞专项施工方案单位: 中交一公局四公司XX三分部二一二年七月二十二日Opinions and suggestions on the partys mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unified deployment, according to municipal Party committee about carrying out the partys mass line educational practice activity in the city
2、s implementation opinions, the spirit of the partys mass line educational practice activities from 20* in January to 99 months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grass-roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out th
3、e education practice put forward the following implementation opinions.First, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit o
4、f general secretary Xi Jinping book series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice , party implementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the look in the mirror, dress up,
5、wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of for the people pragmatic honest people as the theme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across ef
6、forts, to further implement the central eight regulations and The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations , double section provincial regulations, municipal provisions of the twelve plan and the implementation measures for on improving the work style of close ties with the masses
7、 law, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful extravagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party members and cadres to further improve thei
8、r thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to close, honest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of the building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of t
9、he county and the ecological culture of the county and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departments under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non-public economic
10、 organizations, social organizations and other grass-roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cadres to focus on outstanding catch to dire
11、ctly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window units, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community education activities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the maj
12、ority of Party members, cadres and the mass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the partys education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay more at
13、tention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open the door, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cooperation and cohesion driven, more strict requir
14、ements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice is not empty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the countys education practice is to seize against four wind this focus on centralized solve outstanding proble
15、ms asked County, township leadership and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attention to solve
16、 practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy luxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve the style of real implementation of the requirements o
17、f real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus on solving the four winds outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres of key performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in image project, political pr
18、oject, a leadership guide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the heavy focus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of law enforcement and su
19、pervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, something difficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, street The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key do
20、es nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manp
21、ower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and devel
22、opment of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of natio
23、nal policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-o
24、wned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, im
25、prove the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional manageme
26、nt team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the developm
27、ent of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.35目录1 编制依据
28、32 工程概况32.1工程简介32.2洞口稳定性评价32.3气象、水文42.4工程数量表52.5主要技术标准52.6隧道洞口及明洞工期安排63 总体施工技术方案63.1测量放样63.2洞顶及洞口排水系统施工63.3清表63.4边坡、仰坡开挖63.5搭设工作架、安装卷扬机73.6钻孔73.7锚杆安装及注浆73.8铺设钢筋网83.9喷射砼83.10标出隧道洞室轮廓线83.11锁脚锚杆83.12明洞工程83.13洞门83.14注意事项及异常现象处理93.15爆破施工方案94 施工工艺流程及工艺要点104.1工艺流程104.2 工艺要点115 施工布置（总体布置图见附录一）135.1施工场地、便道布置
29、135.2施工及生活用水135.3施工用电135.4炸药库（K37+815左侧）146 人员、设备安排146.1隧道施工人员配置146.2机械配置157安全措施177.1安全生产目标177.2安全管理体系框图187.3安全管理体系组织机构197.4危险源的辨识197.5管理措施（危险源的防范）208 环境保护计划及措施218.1环境保护计划218.2环境保护措施239 文明施工措施25隧道洞口及明洞1 编制依据本专项方案在符合我国国家相关法律/法规/条例、XX市相关规定的基础上，主要以下列文件和资料为依据进行编制：（1）XX市交通规划勘察设计院编制的XX至XX高速公路（XX县至XX段）两阶段施
30、工设计图及相关文件；（2）国家现行技术规范及设计技术标准：公路工程技术规范（JTG B012003）公路隧道施工技术规范（JTG F602009）公路工程质量检验评定标准（JTG F80/12004）（3）局及公司高速公路建设项目的施工经验和拟投入本项目的生产资源；（4）我部对本项目现场和周围环境调查掌握的有关资料；（5）本工程的质量标准和暂定工期及我项目的创优规划、工期目标等。（6）XX三分部实施性施工组织设计、XX隧道施工方案等。2 工程概况2.1工程简介XX隧道起讫桩号为：LK38+302.05LK41+264、K38+300K41+274，左洞长度2961.95m，右洞长度2974m，
31、其中LK38+302.05LK40+815.728(K38+300K40+817.951)位于XX境内（左洞长2513.678m，右洞长2517.951m）。明洞累计长度39.3m，其中左洞21.65m，右洞17.65m，左线级围岩及浅埋段累计占88.2%，级围岩累计占11.8%，右线级围岩及浅埋段累计占87.4%，级围岩累计占12.6%。隧道净距3016.37m，为小净距分离式隧道。进口采用削竹式洞门。2.2洞口稳定性评价本分部施工的为进口（XX端）洞口，隧道进洞口位于斜坡上，斜坡坡向7090，坡角2030。隧道呈直线进洞，洞轴线与斜坡走向交角80左右，与岩层走向交角10。斜坡零星分部厚度0
32、1mm的残坡积层粉质粘土，呈松散结构；基岩为侏罗纪中统沙溪庙组紫红色砂岩为主，夹灰色薄层砂岩、粉砂岩，泥岩为极软岩。位于任市向斜北西翼，岩层产状17513，中厚厚层状，层间结合一般较差，强风化层厚24m，中风化岩体较完整。岩体发育二组裂隙：35080；28075。地下水贫乏，雨后可能有少量渗水呈滴状渗出。洞口段未见崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等不良地质现象，天然斜坡稳定。隧道开挖将在洞前及两侧一带形成人工岩质边坡，左侧坡高最大11.5m，右侧坡高最大7m，根据赤平极射投影图分析:洞口临时开挖掌子面为逆向坡，其稳定性受控于岩体强度，只要削坡缓于63时，洞口临时开挖掌子面稳定；左侧边坡稳定性主要受控于裂隙1
33、及岩体强度，按设计坡率1：0.75放坡后，边坡稳定；右侧边坡稳定主要受控于层面裂隙，因岩层产状整体平缓，开挖边坡整体稳定。但因人工开挖、爆破、坡顶加载等工程活动及裂隙水的影响，易导致潜在破裂面抗剪强度指标降低，导致边坡失稳。总体而言，隧道口地质稳定性较差。2.3气象、水文隧址区属于亚热带季风气候区，春早，夏热，秋雨绵，冬暖而多雾。年平均气温16.618.7，极端最低气温-4 .5 2002年1月12日），极端最高气温422006年7月25日）。无霜期长，多年平均为108306天。气候温暖湿润，雨量充沛。多年平均降水量1224.7mm；春季35 月）雨量为331.3mm，夏季68为502.5mm
34、，秋季911月）为333. 3mm，冬季122月）为54.6 mm。其中59月降水量占全年降水的70%， 9月份出现高峰值，占全年降水约15. 6%。该区地处大巴山迎风面，常形成雨量中心，日最大雨量曾达210.5mm2007年7月22日）。三日最大雨量357.7mm(2007年7月2225日)。隧址区地表水系属长江支流小江支流南河水系，平面上水系呈树枝状，汇于南河，南河是区内最大河流，也是地表水的最低排泄基准面，南河由西南流向北东于XX县城区汇入小江。区内地表水包括南河及支流河水、水库水、堰塘水、耕田地表水等。隧址区大的地表水体主要有XX水库、XX水库、XX水库及隧道左侧沟水。XX水库位于LK
35、40+400以南50m，XX水库位于K39+800以北约350m，XX水库位于K38+300以北约370m；隧道左侧约200m沟内有常流水，流量约1200m3/d.2.4工程数量表XX隧道洞口工程数量表编号项目材料单位左线主洞右线主洞左右线合计明洞/洞口明洞/洞口1洞口及明洞工程明洞支护C25砼拱墙m3281.2215496.22C25砼仰拱m3120972173C15片石砼仰拱填充m3117.393.4210.74碎石盲沟m4335795HRB335级钢筋Kg2117116715378856HPB235级钢筋Kg96537489171417洞口洞口挖方土方m32992625618石方m326
36、59295956189施工支护C20喷射砼m343357810砂浆锚杆(22)m1572982255411钢筋网(6.5)kg936717165312装饰天蓝色防水涂料m229295813防护绿化排水M7.5浆砌片石m325015340214三维网植草(树)护坡m28351013184815管沟C25砼m321214216HPB235级钢筋Kg14714729417HRB335级钢筋Kg777715418M7.5浆砌片石m359.665.2124.819明洞回填耕种土m334120054120粘土隔水层m317210227421碎石土m3715374108922M5浆砌片石m312898226
37、2.5主要技术标准(1)公路等级：双向四车道。(2)隧道设计速度：80km/h。(3)隧道建筑界限：10.25（净宽）*5（净高）。(4)隧道路面横坡：单向坡2%(直线段)，超高不大于3%。(5)隧道内最大纵坡：3%；最小纵坡：0.3%。(6)洞内路面设计荷载：公路级；(7)隧道防水等级：一级；二次衬砌砼抗渗等级不小于S6。2.6隧道洞口及明洞工期安排 左洞洞口及明洞：2012年8月1日2012年9月9日； 右洞洞口及明洞：2012年9月1日2012年10月5日。3 总体施工技术方案3.1测量放样依据隧道洞口设计坡比，结合实际地形，确定出隧道洞口边坡、仰坡实际开挖线，并做出明显标记。3.2洞顶
38、及洞口排水系统施工为了方便洞口排水，避免雨水直接冲刷洞口，在洞顶布置洞顶水沟，并根据洞口地形、地貌、汇水面积及雨水排泄通道，在洞口边仰坡以外5m的适当位置设置洞外截水沟，截水沟开挖以机械为主，人工配合修整，修整后立即砌筑，并用砂浆抹面；在两端截水沟增设相应端面尺寸的排水沟，将洞口排水系统与路面排水系统连接为一体。3.3清表采用挖掘机配合人工清除洞口原地面的植被，有可能滑塌的表土及危石等，保证刷坡时的顺利施工。3.4边坡、仰坡开挖采用圆角法，根据测量放样所定出的边坡开挖线，选用操作熟练的机手，利用挖掘机自上而下逐段开挖，不得掏底开挖或上下重叠开挖；石质地层仰坡需要爆破时，应以浅眼松动爆破为主，局
39、部也可采用人工配合修整，开挖时要随时检查边坡和仰坡，如有滑动、开裂等现象，应适当放缓坡度。开挖后边坡坡度不陡于设计值。3.5搭设工作架、安装卷扬机上级边坡开挖后，利用仰坡平台与坡面，用钢管搭设简易施工架，用于边坡钻孔、挂网、喷砼；在管架上安装滑轮，穿上卷扬机钢丝绳，在适当位置安装卷扬机。3.6钻孔测量放样定出锚杆孔位,用油漆做好标记。人工手持风钻钻孔，钻头尽量与岩层主要结构面垂直，不宜平行岩面；孔径及孔深要满足要求。3.7锚杆安装及注浆1)砂浆锚杆将水注入牛角泵内，水占泵体积的2/3，初压水和稀浆湿润管路，然后再将已调好的沙浆倒入泵内，将注浆管插至距孔底510cm处，堵塞孔口，将泵盖压紧密封，
40、就绪后慢慢打开风阀开始注浆，在气压推动下，水在前，砂浆在后，水湿润泵体和管路，引导砂浆进入锚孔。锚杆头在孔内就位后，将堵塞孔口水泥纸掀开，随即迅速将杆体插入并安装到位。若孔内无水泥砂浆溢出，说明砂浆不足，应将杆体拔出重新灌注后再安装锚杆；锚杆杆体插入孔内的长度不小于设计规定。锚杆安设时，不得随意敲击。2)中空注浆锚杆先安装好锚头再将杆体送入锚孔并推到预定位置，保证锚杆体位于锚孔正中间，检查锚杆体在孔内的固定情况；将止浆塞套入锚杆体并封住锚孔外端口，以防止砂浆外溢。用注浆接头将锚杆体与注浆泵相连，安装锚杆体垫板和螺母，若铺设有钢筋网，可利用垫板将钢筋网固定。注浆时宜选用额定工作压力不小于1.5M
41、Pa的注浆泵，砂浆标号按设计(无设计时不低于20号)。3)小导管注浆导管需在管体中间钻梅花型浆孔，孔距一般为0.2m(尾部1m不设压浆孔)。锚杆孔位钻设完成后，小导管沿孔布置，间距按设计要求。用注浆接头将注浆导管与注浆泵相连，准备就绪后即开始单液注浆；水泥浆水灰比为0.8:1、0.7:1、0.6:1三个等级，水泥浆由稀到浓逐级变化，即先注入稀浆，然后逐级浓到0.6:1的水灰比为止。注浆过程中压力保持在0.51.0MPa。3.8铺设钢筋网 按设计尺寸加工钢筋网，利用外露锚杆头将钢筋网悬挂于坡面上，网片间点焊连接，再将钢筋网与锚杆头焊接成整体。3.9喷射砼喷射砼前压缩空气或压力水将待喷面吹净，吹除
42、松散杂质或尘埃。砼采用强制搅拌机拌和，喷射砼采用先下后上S型喷射方式分层喷射，在喷射砼达到初凝后方可喷射下一层。喷射时严格控制风压同时保证喷射速度适当，喷嘴与受喷面距离保持在0.6m1.2m，喷射角度接近90，正确掌握喷射顺序，不得出现蜂窝，喷射厚度不得小于设计值。3.10标出隧道洞室轮廓线测量人员准确放样，用油漆标出洞的中心线，通过高程测量标出拱顶位置，通过轮廓线上点与中心线的距离标出轮廓点，加密轮廓线，依次定出整个隧道轮廓线。3.11锁脚锚杆隧道轮廓线外按设计要求打设锁脚锚杆，注浆。3.12明洞工程1)明洞衬砌采用C25钢筋混凝土衬砌，挡水耳墙与明洞二次衬砌同时浇筑，并与明洞拱墙背顺接。2
43、）明洞开挖临时刷坡线根据实际地质情况确定，临时开挖边坡采用喷锚、网联合支护。3)为了保证洞口边仰坡在施工和使用期前的稳定，在钢筋混凝土衬砌达到设计强度后，墙背及拱上部分按照设计（仰坡面1:1.5）分别采用M5浆砌片石、碎石土及时回填密实，然后夯填粘土隔水层，再回填耕种土。粘土隔水层设为向洞外1%的流水坡，回填时注意对称进行，防止拱圈因不对称加荷产生开裂。隔水层应与边、仰坡搭接良好，密封紧闭，防止地表水下渗影响回填土的稳定。3.13洞门1)洞门衬砌拱墙应与洞内相联的拱墙同时施工，连成整体。接长明洞的洞门应按设计采取加强连接措施，确保与已成的拱墙连接良好。2)洞门端墙砌筑与墙背回填两侧同时进行，防
44、止对衬砌墙产生偏压。3.14注意事项及异常现象处理1)洞口施工应尽量减少对原地表植被的破坏，尽量采取人工或机械开挖，不得随意采用爆破施工。2)进洞前应尽早完成洞口排水系统。3)洞口施工应避开降雨期和融雪期。4)注浆管不准对人放置，注浆管在未打开风阀前，不准搬动，关闭密封盖，以防止高压喷出物伤人。5)发生串浆现象，即浆液从其它孔中流出时，采用多台泵同时注浆或堵塞串浆孔注浆。6)严格执行操作程序，防止砼喷射机堵塞；如有堵塞，应立即关闭马达，随后关闭风源，并将软管拉直，然后以小锤敲击找到堵塞位置，将风压开至0.3 MPa0.4MPa,同时继续敲击堵塞部位，使其排除堵塞物而畅通。排除堵管现象时，应注意
45、喷嘴前方严禁站人，以免发生伤人事故。3.15爆破施工方案光面爆破作业标准及操作要点：根据新奥法施工的原理，采用光面爆破开挖。施工前根据围岩级别情况进行施工区段（标明里程）的钻爆设计，进行详细的技术交底，对钻孔施工人员（风钻台数）明确分工、分区。钻孔前，用全站仪、水准仪确定出开挖的中线、水平，按围岩级别调整断面的爆破参数，根据掌子面上的激光点位，标出炮眼位置，画线偏差不得大于1cm。（隧道松动爆破每m岩石使用炸药约1.25 kg1.4kg，装药率0.50.75）根据已开挖断面测出的开挖轮廓线及计算的超欠挖值，分析超欠挖原因并及时调整钻爆参数，提高光爆质量。风钻按规定就位，接通风、水、电路，开钻时
46、先送水，后送风。手风钻开孔时，宜用1m以内的短钻杆，待钻孔定位并钻进0.5m以上后再换长钻杆。炮眼间距偏差：掏槽眼不大于2cm，周边眼与内圈眼不大于3cm，周边眼眼底不得超出外轮廓5cm，其它眼不大于5cm。司钻中随时观察每臂（台）钻进情况，利用已打好的眼中插炮棍作标志，掌握好钻眼方向，以达到“准、直、平、齐”的要求。坚持顺邦打眼，钻臂（风钻）紧贴岩壁，最大限度地减少超挖。周边眼外插角不大于1.5，底板眼方向与隧道坡率基本相同。掏槽眼位置可根据掌子面围岩结构特征适当调整，掏槽眼较掘进眼深20cm，以取到较好的开挖进尺。装药前必须用高压风管吹孔或用手风钻扫孔，对坍孔内石碴要用掏勺仔细清理，无法装
47、药的应补眼。爆破工从药库领出的药卷和导爆管必须确认并保存好段数标记。装药采用人工台架装药，装药时必须专人操作，并制定相应的安全规程。炮孔口用炮泥堵塞，炮泥用炮泥机制作，成分为泥土、砂和水；合理的重量百分比为土：砂：水=7080：810：1320，最小密度必须达到1.90g/cm并具有较好的柔软性，炮眼堵塞长度不小于30cm。起爆网络按钻爆设计的形式连接，主爆网络采用双管双索，以确保可靠起爆。网络连接好后由爆破工再次检查确认，无误后进行施爆。光面爆破工艺框图4 施工工艺流程及工艺要点4.1工艺流程边坡及仰坡放样开挖排水系统基坑砌筑截水沟、排水沟边坡仰坡清表开挖最高级边坡、仰坡检查坡度及稳定情况搭设简易钻空工作架、安装卷扬机钻孔安装系统锚杆注浆(注浆锚杆)挂设钢筋网喷射砼开挖一级边坡、仰坡检查坡度及