1、2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题We are in the midst of a great investigation of those environmental questions. We do the Earth and ourselves the greatest （ ） in imagining that addressing them lies outside our lives and choices.问题1选项A.gratitudeB.benefitsC.disserviceD.favor【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。gr
2、atitude“感激”；benefits“利益，好处”；disservice“伤害，帮倒忙”；favor“喜爱，赞赏”。句意：我们正在对那些环境问题展开全面的调查。我们想到地球，确实会发现我们对它和环境带来了巨大的伤害。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题It is reported that he means to exchange into another regiment, （ ） for the purpose of separating himself from me.问题1选项A.avowinglyB.avowingC.avowedD.avowedly【答案】D【解析】语法题。avowin
3、g “承认，公开宣称”；avowed “公开宣布的”；avowedly “公然地”。空格应该用副词来修饰整个句子。句意：据报道他打算调到另一个政权，目的是公然地和我划清界限。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题Just as the United States must change, so too must those economies that have previously relied on exports （ ） weaknesses in their own demand.问题1选项A.to offsetB.by offsettingC.in offsettingD.offsetting
4、答案】A【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配rely on sth. to do “依靠做某事”，句意：正如美国必须做出的改变一样，那些经济体以前也依赖出口来找消除内需不足的弱点。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题This emphasis on an English tradition has come under continuous attack during the last twenty years or so; during their undergraduate training many young teachers of English will have discussed the
5、assumptions that underlie such concern for our cultural （ ）.问题1选项A.inhabitantsB.heritageC.inheritorsD.hereditary【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。inhabitant “居民”，heritage “遗产；传统；继承权”，inheritor “继承人；后继者”，hereditary “遗传类”。句意：在他们的本科培训中，许多年轻的英语老师将讨论这些假设，这些假设是我们对文化传统关心的基础。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题Modem persuasion advertising blossom
6、ed as a function of markets that were less competitive by economists standards, and are generally referred to as oligopolies. These are markets where a handful of firms dominate output or sales in the industry, and where they have sufficient market power that they can set the price at which their pr
7、oduct sells. The key to an oligopoly is that it is very difficult for newcomers to enter the market, no matter how profitable it may be, because of the power of the existing players. Under oligopoly there is strong disincentive to engage in price warfare to expand ones market share, because all the
8、main players are large enough to survive a price war and all it would do is shrink the size of the industry revenue pie that the firms are fighting over. Indeed, the price in an oligopolistic industry will tend to gravitate toward what it would be in a pure monopoly so the contenders are fighting fo
9、r slices of the largest possible revenue pie. At first blush, this is a pretty accurate picture of the U.S. economy of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The economy has become far more monopolistic over the past thirty years. It is also a good way, though by no means the only way, to underst
10、and the emergence and dominance of advertising. Although firms are not in what economists term competitive markets, they are most definitely engaged in monopolistic competition with each other to maximize their profits. Advertising emerges front and center as a major way to increase market share wit
11、hout engaging in destructive profit-damaging price competition. The election realm, is similar to the economy in that it tends to be a duopoly in general elections, meaning there are usually only two options that could conceivably win, and, as in an oligopoly, these duopolists have used their market
12、 powerin this case control over election laws-to make it all but impossible for a third party to successfully establish itself as a legitimate contender. Even primary elections are almost always a matter of no more than two or three viable entrants except in a very small number of races. In economic
13、 theory this leads to an interesting conclusion: as J. Schor has put it, the smart play for a firm in a duopoly is to act like the other firm, not to differentiate itself. Macpherson was among the first to understand modem electoral politics-the two-party system-in terms of oligopolistic and duopoli
14、stic market practices. “Where there are so few sellers, Macpherson wrote concerning political parties, they need not and do not respond to buyers demands as they must do in a fully competitive system. This means that the parties, like oligopolistic firms, can create the demand for political goods an
15、d largely dictate the demand schedule for political goods. In Macphersons argument, a duopolistic party system in a modem capitalist society like the United States will tend to gravitate to providing a competition between elites, which are the driving force and ”formulate the issues. The basics in t
16、he political economy are agreed upon by the two parties and off the table for public debate or discussion. In Macphersons view, the two-party system was ideal for the production of citizen apathy and de-politicization and for the maintenance of elite rule; i.e. what would be called a “weak democracy
17、1.With what theme is the passage mainly concerned?2.The authors purpose in writing paragraph 1 and 2 is to （ ）.3.What does the phrase “front and center” in paragraph 2 mean?4.The highlighted sentence “The basics . or discussion” in the last paragraph most probably implies that （ ）.5.What is the au
18、thor likely to talk about in the paragraph following this passage?问题1选项A.Political Advertising.B.Oligopoly Market.C.Weak Democracy.D.Modem Electoral Politics.问题2选项A.state why political advertising appeared in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries in America.B.emphasize that it is a real picture o
19、f the U.S. economy of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.C.state that the situation in American election realm is the same as the one in its economic realm.D.explain that the oligopoly market economy has a special function in the U.S. economic realm.问题3选项A.In front.B.At the forefront.C.In the
20、center.D.In the middle.问题4选项A.The two parties would discuss the basics in the political economy in secret.B.The two parties would discuss the basics in the political economy in public.C.The two parties would not ask the public to discuss the basics in the political economy.D.The two parties have the
21、 same idea about the basics in the political economy so they would not discuss them anymore.问题5选项A.He is likely to analyze the issues formulated by a duopolistic party system in theUnited States.B.He is likely to explain American citizen apathy and depoliticization in detail.C.He is likely to give s
22、ome supporting evidence of a weak democracy.D.He is likely to provide some examples of a competition between elites【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.主旨题。纵观全文，文章前半部分主要提到了与经济相关的规律，垄断经济形势对经济带来了重大影响。文章后半部分将垄断经济层面延伸至政治层面，提出在政治选举中也出现了相似的垄断统治规律，这样的民主实际上不是真正的民主。所以，本文主要围绕现代社会的选举政治这个话题展开的。选项D符合题意。2.推断题。文章一二段
23、主要提到了在经济层面出现的一种垄断经济现象，导致供不应求。根据文章第三段， “The election realm, is similar to the economy in that it tends to be a duopoly in general elections”，可知选举领域和经济领域类似，在选举中往往是双头垄断。可推断出一二段提到的经济现象主要是为了引出政治层面存在的政治垄断现象。选项C符合题意。3.词义理解题。In front “在前面”； At the forefront “最前沿”； In the center “在中央，表具体位置”； In the middle “在
24、中间，表具体位置”。句意：广告作为一种增加市场份额的主要方式出现在市场的前端，不从事破坏性的、损益性的价格竞争。选项B符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章最后一段， “The basics in the political economy are agreed upon by the two parties and off the table for public debate or discussion.”，可知政治经济学的基础是两党一致同意的，不公开辩论或讨论。这里是说两党在政治方面垄断，因此并不是说他们对于政治经济基础有一致观点，而是完全由他们议定，不让公众或其他党派插手。因此C选项符合题意。
25、5.推断题。根据文章最后一段， “what would be called a weak democracy”，可知在文章末尾出现了Macpherson关于weak democracy的观点，可推断出，在接下来的文段中，可能会进一步对weak democracy进行讨论。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题To begin to （ ） the pollution causing climate change, cities around the world need to be made more efficient, adopting measures ranging from reducing
26、the energy costs of sanitation to constructing buildings that waste less energy.问题1选项A.mitigateB.migrateC.magnifyD.militate【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。Mitigate “使缓和，减轻”；migrate “移居，移植”；magnify “放大，夸大”；militate “有影响，产生作用”。句意：要开始缓和气候变化带来的污染，全世界的城市都要提高效率，采取一系列措施，从降低卫生设施的能源成本到建设能源节约型建筑。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题As the clerk （
27、 prepared my milk shake, I wondered how long she had been working there, （ ） making ice cream treats in a set order of steps.问题1选项A.logically. incautiouslyB.methodically. mindlesslyC.systematically. carefullyD.synthetically. casually【答案】B【解析】副词词义辨析。logically “合乎逻辑”；incautiously “鲁莽地”； methodically
28、有条理地”；mindlessly “不费心思地”； systematically “有系统地”；carefully “小心地”；synthetically “综合地”；casually “随意 地”。句意：当店员有条不紊地为我准备奶昔时，我想知道她已经在那里工作多久了，她不费心思地按一定的步骤制作冰淇淋。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题Why pick up what literary history so resolutely discards? Any study of bestsellers confronts the same question as does the decaf, no
29、fat latte drinker in Starbucks: why bother? One justification, and the easiest demonstrated, is their interesting peculiarity. Like other ephemera of past times, bestsellers offer the charm of antiquarian quaintness. And so short is their lifespan, that todays bestsellers become yesterdays fiction
30、almost as soon as one has read them. Looking back through the lists is to uncover delightful cultural oddities. Consider, for example, the top-selling novel of 1923 in the United States, Black Oxen, by Gertrude Atherton. Recall too that the discriminating reader of that year had James Joyces Ulysses
31、 and T. S. Eliots The Waste Land to choose from. The allusion of Athertons title signals grand literary pretension; pretension absurdly unmerited. None the less, the novels theme was, for the time, both topical and sensational rejuvenation. For humans, that is, not cattle. The narrative opens in a N
32、ew York theatre. A brilliant young newspaperman, Lee Clavering, is struck by a beautiful woman in the audience. Investigation reveals that she is facially identical with a young belle of thirty years before, Mary Ogden. Miss Ogden married a Hungarian diplomat, Count Zattiany, and has never been hear
33、d of since. Speculation rages, but eventually the truth comes out: Ogden/Zattiany has been rejuvenated in Vienna by Dr Steinachs new X-ray technique. By bombarding a womans ovaries at the period of menopause, the ageing process is reversible. When news of the wonderful process hits the newspapers, c
34、ivil war threatens. And luckless Clavering finds himself in love with a woman old enough to be his mother. On the other side, he himself is obsessively loved by a flapper, Janet, young enough to be his daughter, who drinks illegal hooch and attends petting parties. The plot thickens, madly thereafte
35、r. It is nonsense-just as, medically, Stcinachs X-ray miracle was nonsense. In 1922 Atherton herself had received the Viennese doctors rejuvenation treatment. It seems, from publicity pictures, to have done little for her beauty. But tosh fiction and quack science as it may be, Black Oxen fits, hand
36、in-glove, with its period. And no other period. However absurd it seems to the modern reader, Athertons novel reflects, and dramatizes, contemporary anxiety about womens freedoms. The 1920s was the era of the flapper -the perpetually young girl-woman. British women in this decade had, after long st
37、ruggle, the vote -but only if they were over 30, after which the heyday in the female blood was conceived to have been sufficiently cooled to make rational political decisions. Black Oxen, the top novel in the US in 1923, is inextricably of its period. It could have been published 15 years later. Bu
38、t out of its immediate time-and-place frame, Black Oxen would have no more worked than a fish out of water. Nor would it, in other days, have been what it was, the book of the day. The day made the book, as much as events of the day made newspaper headlines in 1923. This hand-in-glove quality is ine
39、xtricably linked with the ephemerality of bestsellerism. 1.Why does the author mention Ulysses and The Waste Land in paragraph 2?2.According to the passage, all of the following are true about Black Oxen EXCEPT （ ）.3.The word “rage” in the passage is closest in meaning to （ ）.4.Which of the followin
40、g sentence can best express the meaning of the highlighted sentence in the Last paragraph?5.According to the passage, which of the following is true about a bestseller?问题1选项A.They were bestsellers just second to Black Oxen in 1923.B.They were more popular than Blank Oxen in 1923.C.As contemporary no
41、vels of Black Oxen, they were not popular in 1923.D.As bestsellers of 1923, they were not as popular as Black Oxen.问题2选项A.Though the writer of Black Oxen did get a treatment for keeping young, but it looked unsuccessful.B.Black Oxen implied the X-ray technique was welcomed by women who were in menop
42、ause.C.Black Oxen was very popular in 1923 when people believed in pseudo science about renewal of youthfulness.D.Count Zattiany appeared in Black Oxen as a minor character.问题3选项A.anger greatlyB.prevail uncontrollablyC.rake lipD.presume daringly问题4选项A.The ethos of 1923 for Black Oxen is just like wa
43、ter for fish.B.Without its time-and-space, Black Oxen would have enjoyed its popularity for a longer time.C.Without water, Black Oxen would lose its popularity.D.Black Oxen would not have been produced if it wasnt treated like a fish.问题5选项A.A bestseller only caters for its own time.B.A bestseller is
44、 liable to tell a love triangle story.C.A bestseller cannot be written by an old female writer.D.A bestseller is a great literary work, though it is strange.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“And so short is their lifespan, that todays bestsellers become yesterdays fiction almost as s
45、oon as one has read them.”，可知作者的观点是畅销书的寿命是短暂的，以至于今天的畅销书几乎一读完就变成了昨天的小说。所以在文章第二段作者用尤利西斯和荒原两本书的例子和黑色公牛做了对比，说明与同时代的畅销书黑色公牛一样，它们在1923年并不受欢迎。选项C符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第五段，“In 1922 Atherton herself had received the Viennese doctors rejuvenation treatmentto have done little for her beauty.”，可知虽然她接受了Viennese恢复治疗，但是并
46、没有效果。选项A符合文意，可排除。根据文章第四段，“By bombarding a womans ovaries at the period of menopause, the ageing process is reversible.”，可知通过这种技术，处理更年期女性的卵巢，衰老过程是可以消除的。选项B符合文意，可排除。根据文章第四段，“Miss Ogden married a Hungarian diplomat, Count Zattiany, and has never been heard of since.”，可知玛丽奥格登嫁给了一个匈牙利的外交官Zattiany伯爵，所以Zat
47、tiany伯爵在黑色公牛中扮演一个次要角色。选项D符合文意，可排除。根据文章最后一段第一句，“Black Oxen, the top novel in the US in 1923, is inextricably of its period.”，可知黑色公牛受欢迎的原因是由于小说与时代的不可分割性。所以原因并没有提及人们相信青春再生的伪科学。选项C符合题意。3.词义理解题。根据文章第四段，“Speculation rages, but eventually the truth comes out: Ogden/Zattiany has been rejuvenated in Vienna by Dr Steinachs new X-ray technique.”，可知玛丽奥格登嫁给外交官的事情迅速传播蔓延，但是最后真相说明：Ogden/Zattiany通过Steinach医生新发明的X射线技术重新焕发活力。所以rage在这一句的意思应该是迅速传播和蔓延。选项B符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“But out of its immediate time-and-place frame, Bl
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