1、2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Under the term “services” （ ） together miscellaneous activities with little in common except other than agriculture, extractive industries, utilities and manufacturing.问题1选项A.lumpB.to lumpC.is lumpedD.are lumped【答案】D【解析】语法题。介词短语位于句首，句子用部分倒装，所以选项A和B可排除。根据句子的主
2、语 “miscellaneous activities”为复数，所以为了保持主谓一致，be动词选用复数形式are，选项D符合题意。2. 单选题Many an institution has been set up to try and make sense of the inscrutable nature of us human beings, and although （ ）, it is only instrumental in showing how little we really understand.问题1选项A.an inroad has been set upB.the in
3、road has been set upC.an inroad has been madeD.inroads have been made【答案】C【解析】固定搭配和语法题。根据后面主句中的it可判断although引导的让步状语从句中主语应该为名词单数，所以选项D可排除。又根据固定搭配make an inroad “取得进展”。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题She is a living proof that a TV celebrity with the highest aspirations can survive in a medium that too often seems to b
4、e racing （ ）.问题1选项A.out of bottomB.at the bottomC.to the bottomD.on the bottom【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。race to the bottom“逐底竞争”，句意：她活生生地证明了一个具有最高抱负的电视明星似乎经常可以在逐底竞争中存活下来。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题Max Weber proposed a complex approach to inequality which expressly takes account of non-economic dimensions of ranking and ineq
5、uality. Against Marx, Weber maintains that the operation of power in societies is yet more fundamental than their economic basis. Power（1）the capacity of individuals or groups to realize their will even （2） the opposition of others. This yields three categories fundamental to the analysis of inequal
6、ity: class, status and party. Inequality may be located in economically defined（3）but could also be founded in status groups and political parties. In this elaboration he sought to refine the measurement of inequality and to show the potential singularity of his criteria （4） their connectedness. For
7、 example, power is often linked to class-based wealth but it can be separated in situations （5） power is linked to knowledge. Status refers to style of life. It also refers to social esteem, the respect and admiration （6） a person according to his or her social position and this can be local （7）stru
8、ctural and take account of interpersonal subjectivities. Marxs stress on structural relationships and on the duplicitous nature of culture tends to be replaced by a view of classes as ranked hierarchies of fixed groupings（8）individuals may be mobile. While the categories are fixed and classes are bo
9、unded, individuals may, （9）, change their class position. （10）, Webers discussion emphasizes how both class and status distinction can affect peoples life chances, that is, the chances that an individual has to share in the economic and cultural goods of a society. Material and cultural goods are of
10、ten （11）distributed and class and status rankings will ensure that people will have（12）access to these goods. These features of Webers thought are important to （13）when considering non-class based systems of（14 ）. The opening up of the relationship between inequality, meaning and manifestation allow
11、s for the consideration of systems of inequality other than class. There are ranked societies where there is unequal access to positions of status and prestige and these are not necessarily linked to （15）. An example is found in those traditional African societies where the chiefs did not live at a
12、16 ）standard of living than their subjects and where economies were redistributive, （17）, the chief received tribute which he then（18） his followers as a mark of his status and largesse. The position of many European noble families is a contemporary example of ranked society: access to （19） a title
13、 is limited, usually to family members, and many of these titled families are （20） wealthy and have no power by virtue of their nobility in their societies. 问题1选项A.has defined toB.is defined toC.is defined asD.defines as问题2选项A.from the face ofB.in the face ofC.on the face ofD.to the face of问题3选项A.so
14、cietiesB.categoriesC.dimensionsD.classes问题4选项A.as well asB.besidesC.exceptD.except for问题5选项A.thatB.whichC.whyD.where问题6选项A.accordedB.accordsC.is accorded toD.to accord问题7选项A.rather toB.rather thanC.no other thanD.other than问题8选项A.whereB.through whichC.in whichD.to which问题9选项A.more or lessB.any the l
15、essC.none the lessD.no less问题10选项A.HoweverB.NeverthelessC.FurthermoreD.But问题11选项A.symmetricallyB.asymmetricallyC.fairlyD.unfairly问题12选项A.differentialB.similarC.the sameD.unequal问题13选项A.bear them to mindB.bear them in mindC.bear to mindD.bear in mind问题14选项A.hierarchyB.rankingC.singularityD.inequality
16、问题15选项A.economic wealthB.cultural goodsC.status distinctionsD.class rankings问题16选项A.highB.higherC.lowD.lower问题17选项A.for exampleB.such asC.that isD.whats more问题18选项A.gave toB.gave it toC.gave back toD.gave it back问题19选项A.claimB.askC.inheritD.assume问题20选项A.moreB.much moreC.lessD.no longer【答案】第1题:第2题:B
17、第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D第6题:A第7题:B第8题:C第9题:C第10题:C第11题:C第12题:A第13题:D第14题:D第15题:A第16题:B第17题:D第18题:A第19题:C第20题:C【解析】（1）固定搭配。根据固定搭配be defined as “被定义为”，选项A和B可排除。又根据被动语态的构成be +过去分词，D选项结构不完整，可排除。句意：权力被定义为个人或团体的能力。选项C符合题意。（2）固定搭配。in the face of “面对”； on the face of “从表面上判断”，没有搭配from the face of和to the face of，选项A和
18、D可排除。句意：权力被定义为个人或团体即使面对他人的反对也能实现其意志的能力。选项B符合题意。（3）逻辑关系。根据上一句提到阶级、地位和党派，可知下文会是对其进行进一步阐述。but also后出现了status groups and political parties，可判断出此处应该提到classes“阶级”。选项D符合题意。（4）逻辑关系。根据文意，Max Weber想要通过衡量不平等，体现他的评判标准的特点和联系。所以用as well as表示“和”。选项A符合题意。（5）语法题。根据句子结构，可知空格要填入一个关系词引导定语从句，来修饰先行词situation。又根据从句部分句子完整，
19、所以填入关系副词在从句中充当状语。where作地点状语，表示“在这种形势下”。选项D符合题意。（6）语法题。根据句子结构，refers为句子的谓语，所以空格中应该填入非谓语动词，选项B和C可排除。又因为accord和其前面的名词social esteem, the respect and admiration存在被动关系，所以选用动词的-ed分词表被动，选项A符合题意。（7）逻辑关系。根据下文，“Marxs stress on structural relationships”，可知Marx注重结构关系。而上文提到的是Max Weber的观点，可判断他注重本地关系而不是结构关系。又根据固定搭配
20、rather than“而不是”。选项B符合题意。（8）语法题。根据句子结构，可知空格应该填入适当的关系代词或关系副词来引导定语从句，修饰先行词groupings，根据句意，“借助于这些组群，个人可能是流动的。”，where在定语从句中作地点状语，可排除。through which为介词+关系代词的结构，在句中作状语，表示“借助于.，通过”。选项C符合题意。（9）逻辑关系和固定搭配。more or less “或多或少”； any the less “更少一些”；none the less “依然”； no less “居然”。根据while可知，上下句之间存在转折关系。句意：尽管社会群体与阶
21、级是不变的，但是个人仍然可以或多或少地改变自己的社会地位。选项C符合题意。（10）逻辑关系。however和nevertheless都表转折关系，所以可同时排除。根据文意，空格后的内容是对上一句内容的进一步阐述和说明，所以两句存在递进关系，选用furthermore “此外，而且”表递进。选项C符合题意。（11）逻辑关系和副词辨析。symmetrically “对称地，平衡地”；asymmetrically “不对称地”；fairly “公平地”；unfairly “不公平地”。句意：Weber的讨论强调了阶级和地位的区别是如何影响人们的生活机会的，物质和文化产品必须公平分配。选项C符合题意。
22、12）形容词词义辨析。differential “差别的，微分的”； similar “相似的”； the same “同样，一样”； unequal “不平等的”。句意：阶级和地位不同将确保人们获取有差异的商品。选项A符合题意。（13）固定搭配。根据固定搭配bear sth. in mind可排除选项A和C。根据句意：Weber思想的这些特点是我们必须牢记的。选项D符合题意。（14）句意理解。根据下文，“The opening up of the relationship between inequality, meaning and manifestation allows for th
23、e consideration of systems of inequality other than class.”，可知空格的下文是对不平等制度的进一步阐述，所以空格应该填入inequality。选项D符合题意。（15）句意理解。根据上文，“There are ranked societies where there is unequal access to positions of status and prestige”，可知在有等级的社会中，获得地位和名誉的机会是不平等的。空格前由and连接，表示一种递进关系。根据文章“these are not necessarily linked
24、 to”，these指代上文的status和prestige，可知并不意味着地位和名誉与经济财富有必要的关联。下文用实例说明的这一观点。选项A符合题意。（16）句意理解。根据上文提到地位和名誉和经济财富没有必要的关联，可知酋长的生活水平不会比他的属下高，所以nothigher的比较结构符合文意。选项B符合题意。（17）句意理解。for example“举例子”；whats more “还有，此外”；that is “也就是说”；such as“例如”。根据句意，空格后提到在经济在分配的社会，酋长会将贡品赠与出去，是对上文意思的一个补充。用whats more表补充说明。选项D符合题意。（18）
25、语法题和固定搭配。根据句子结构，这是由关系代词which引导的定语从句，并其在定语从句中充当宾语，代替先行词tribute，可判断定语从句中不缺宾语。选项B和D可排除。又根据固定搭配give sth. to sb. “给某人某物”，give sth. back “归还”，句意：酋长将贡品给自己的跟随者。选项A符合题意。（19）动词词义辨析。claim “要求，声称”；ask “要求，询问”；inherit “遗传，继承”；assume“假定，设想”。句意：爵位的继承是受到限制的。选项C符合题意。（20）句意理解。more “更多的”；much more “多得多的”；less “更少的”；no
26、 longer “不再”。句意：许多有头衔的家族凭借在社会中的高贵，是不富有的，而且也没有权力。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题Recently, Japanese imports of manufactured goods from China have surged and the reputation of Chinese products has improved substantially, giving rise to concern that China will soon replace Japan as the factory of the world. An objective
27、 evaluation of Chinas industrial strength, however, suggests that there is still a long way to go before it will become a truly advanced industrial country on par with Japan.First of all, the high proportion of labor-intensive products in Chinas exports means that its trade structure is typical of a
28、 newly industrializing economy (NIE).This is different from that of developed countries, where the major export items, such as machinery, are technology-intensive. Although China is increasing its share of the global market for manufactured goods, including some information-technology (IT) products
29、that are classified as high-tech, Chinese exports are still highly concentrated in lower-end products. In the ease of televisions, for instance, Japan specializes in high-definition and other higher-end models, while China produces standard models whose unit values are much lower.Reflecting Chinas e
30、mphasis on processing trade, goods made in China contain large numbers of overseas components, some of which are made in Japan. According to official Chinese statistics, increasing exports by USS1 million requires importing intermediate goods and components worth $500,000, which do not form part of
31、Chinas gross domestic product (GDP). Moreover, the proportion of this imported content is higher for high-tech than for low-tech products. A computer labeled made in China is likely to contain a large portion of imported contents including an Intel central processing unit (CPU), Microsoft Windows op
32、erating system, and a liquid crystal display made in Japan or South Korea.In addition, approximately half of Chinas exports are produced by subsidiaries of foreign companies, to which dividends, interest charges, royalties and other fees must be paid. Even among Chinese companies with no capital rel
33、ations with overseas companies, the majority of their exports are processed under OEM (original equipment manufacturing) contracts and sold with foreign brand names. Thus only a very small percentage of the value-added of products labeled made in China is actually made by China. The latter correspon
34、ds to the concept of Chinas gross national product (GNP), and excludes import charges on intermediate goods and investment income paid to overseas countries.China is so heavily dependent on foreign partners that it has yet to develop its own edge-cutting technology and internationally recognized bra
35、nd names. On top of this; Chinese companies are inferior to their overseas counterparts in virtually every aspect, be it capital, human resources, or business management. As a result, China has no option but to look to cheap labor for its export competitiveness. Indeed, the majority of Chinas contri
36、bution to the value-added of its exports lies with the cost of labor, and the very low wages in China, averaging less than $100 a month, imply that this contribution must be very small. As such, the common assumption that Chinese goods are competitive because the countrys wage levels are low holds t
37、rue only for labor-intensive products and does not necessarily apply to industry as a whole. Instead, Chinas low wages should be interpreted as a reflection of the fact that its labor productivity is poor. It is when Chinas wage levels approach those of Japan, reflecting a rise in productivity, whic
38、h China will really become a formidable competitor for Japan.1.Why does the author say there is still a long way to go before it will become a truly advanced industrial country on par with Japan?2.According to the author, whats the difference between products labeled made in China and those labeled
39、made by China?3.Which of the following is true about the competitiveness of Japans products?4.The word “subsidiaries” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to （ ）.5.Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?问题1选项A.Chinas trade structure is still lagging behind that of developed c
40、ountries.B.Chinas export goods are not as competitive as Japans.C.Without foreign help and advanced technology China cannot produce most of its products.D.China is still faced with the problems of backward trade structure, low-tech and labor-intensive products.问题2选项A.Products labeled made in China a
41、re high-tech products while the latter are not.B.Whether China is the manufacturer of the original part of products and sells those products with Chinese brand names.C.Whether Chinese companies are subsidiaries of foreign companies.D.Whether Chinese companies are dependent on foreign partners.问题3选项A
42、Japan doesnt export lower-end products.B.Japan is the factory of the world.C.Japans major export items are high-tech products and competitive in business management.D.Japan doesnt put stress on processing goods.问题4选项A.furnishing aidsB.a sum of moneyC.assistantsD.affiliates问题5选项A.China isnt a Develo
43、ped Country.B.So-called Made in China Label.C.Japan Wont Fear Made in China Label.D.China Will Replace Japan as the Factory of World.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段和第三段， “First of all, the high proportion of labor-intensive products in Chinas exportsChinese exports are still highly
44、concentrated in lower-end products.”，可知二三段总结了中国工业发展的问题，包括劳动密集型产品占比重过高，中国出口仍高度集中于低端产品。可推断出中国仍然面临贸易结构落后、科技含量低、劳动密集型产品等问题。选项D符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段， “Reflecting Chinas emphasis on processing trade, goods made in China contain large numbers of overseas components, some of which are made in Japan.”，可知“中国制造
45、的商品含有大量海外零部件，其中一些是日本制造的，这反映出中国对加工贸易的重视。根据文章第四段， “Thus only a very small percentage of the value-added of products labeled made in China is actually made by China.”，可知产品的研发不在中国。可推断出中国制造和中国创造的区别在于中国是否是原装产品的生产商，并销售那些有中国品牌的产品。选项B符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第三段， “Japan specializes in high-definition and other higher
46、end models, while China produces standard models whose unit values are much lower.”，可知日本生产高清和高端机型。根据文章第六段， “China is so heavily dependent on foreign partners that it has yet to develop its own edge-cutting technology and internationally recognized brand names.”，可知中国严重依赖外国合作伙伴，以至于尚未开发出自己的尖端技术和国际知名品牌。可推断出日本的主要出口产品是高科技产品，在企业管理方面具有竞争优势。选项C符合题意。4.词义理解题。根据文章第五段， “approximately half of Chinas exports are produced by subsidiaries of foreign companies, to which dividends, interest charges, royalties and other fees must be paid.”，可知中国大约一半的出口产品是由外国公司的子公司生产的，必
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