1、2022年考博英语-中央美术学院考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题The American Civil War was a four-year armed（1）between northern and southern sections of the United States. The fighting began on April 12, 1861, and（2）until May 1865.For a long time（3）the Civil War, the North and South had（4）each other on many issues. Most peo
2、ple in the（5）wanted to abolish slavery, or at least to stop its spread to new states, （6）the slave owners of the South held that（7）should be allowed everywhere.Another issue that divided the North and South was a（8）one. The North believed in a strong central government,（9）, the federal government sh
3、ould have more power than the state governments. Most southerners,（10）, regarded the nation as a union of separate and more or less（11）states. They held that a state had the right to（12）or “secede” from the Union when it felt its interests to be threatened.In November, 1860, Abraham Lincoln was（13）t
4、he 16th President of the United States. Since Lincoln had become well-known（14）the country for his anti-slavery views, his election caused a panic among the（15）in the South. One month later, South Carolina seceded from（16）. By February 1, 1861, six other statesMississippi. Florida, Alabama, Georgia,
5、 Louisiana, and Texashad taken（17）steps.President Lincoln knew that if these（18）states were allowed to leave the Union, it would soon（19）. So shortly after he had taken office, it was decided by his cabinet that the Union was to be preserved（20）.问题1选项A.conflictB.quarrelC.battleD.struggle问题2选项A.estab
6、lishedB.preservedC.foundedD.lasted问题3选项A.afterB.beforeC.untilD.to问题4选项A.disagreed withB.agreed toC.agreed withD.disagreed to问题5选项A.NorthB.SouthC.Civil WarD.Country问题6选项A.asB.soC.andD.while问题7选项A.freedomB.slaveryC.plantationD.revolution问题8选项A.politicalB.economicalC.educationalD.artificial问题9选项A.so to
7、 sayB.howeverC.that isD.for example问题10选项A.as a resultB.howeverC.yetD.in问题11选项A.dependentB.independentC.completeD.incomplete问题12选项A.succeedB.erectC.establishD.withdraw问题13选项A.electedB.selectedC.chosenD.appointed问题14选项A.forB.throughoutC.amongD.during问题15选项A.labor partyB.factory ownersC.slave ownersD.
8、presidents问题16选项A.the UnionB.the NorthC.the SouthD.the State问题17选项A.alikeB.likelyC.similarD.related问题18选项A.sixB.twoC.liveD.seven问题19选项A.get togetherB.burst intoC.break outD.break up问题20选项A.by forceB.by persuadingC.by talkingD.by education【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A第6题:D第7题:B第8题:A第9题:C第10题:B第11题:B第
9、12题:D第13题:A第14题:B第15题:C第16题:A第17题:C第18题:A第19题:D第20题:A【解析】1.考查名词辨析。A选项conflict“冲突，矛盾”；B选项quarrel“吵架，争论”；C选项battle“战役，斗争”；D选项struggle“斗争，奋斗”。根据句意“美国内战是美国北部和南部地区之间长达四年的武装冲突。”选项A最符合语境。2.考查动词辨析。A选项establish“建立”；B选项preserve“保存”；C选项found“创立”；D选项last“持续”。根据原文可知，这里是说战争从1861年4月12持续到了1865年5月，所以选项D符合原文。3.考查介词辨析
10、原文是说在美国内战爆发之前的很长一段时间里，南北双方在很多问题上就已经存在分歧了。所以选项B符合原文。4.考查上下文语义。根据下文的描述可以推断出双方应该是存在分歧，由此可首先排除选项B和选项C；当表示双方意见不一致的时候用介词with，所以选项A正确。5.考查上下文语义。本段主要是讲南北之间的矛盾，下文提到了南方的奴隶主，那这里指的应该是北方的大多数人想要取消奴隶制。所以选项A符合原文。6.考查逻辑关系词。前后形成对比并且是相反的情况，应使用连词while表转折，所以选项D正确。7.考查上下文语义。上文提及北方大多数人想要取消奴隶制，然而南方的奴隶主们认为奴隶制在任何地方都应该被允许，所以
11、选项B符合原文。8.考查形容词辨析。A选项political“政治的”；B选项economical“经济的”；C选项educational “教育的”；D选项artificial“人造的”。根据原文可知，分裂南北方属于政治问题，所以选项A符合原文。9.考查连接词。A选项so to say“可以这么说，打个比方说”；B选项however“然而”；C选项that is“也就是说，换言之”；D选项for example“例如”。根据句意“北方相信一个强大的中央政府，（ ） ，联邦政府应该比州政府拥有更多的权力。”句子的后半部分是对前半部分的进一步解释，所以选项C更符合语境。10.考查逻辑连接词。上文
12、提及北方相信一个强大的中央政府，而下文讲到南方认为这个国家是一个独立的，或者或多或少独立的州组成的联盟，前后形成转折关系，所以选项B符合语境。11.考查上下文语义。这里是由and连接的两个并列成分，根据上一句“regarded the nation as a union of separate把国家看作是一个独立的联合体”可知，后半句表示或多或少独立的州。所以选项B符合句意。12.考查动词辨析。A选项succeed“继承，接替”；B选项erect“竖立，建造”；C选项establish“建立”；D选项withdraw“撤退，离开”。根据句意“他们认为，当一个州感到自己的利益受到威胁时，它有权退
13、出或“脱离”联邦。”选项D符合原文语境。13.考查动词辨析。A选项elect“选举”；B选项select“选择”；C选项choose“挑选”；D选项appoint“任命，委派”。根据原文可知，这里是说林肯当选为美国第16任总统，选项A符合句意。14.考查介词辨析。根据句意“林肯反奴隶制的观点闻名于全国”，贯穿全国用介词throughout，选项B正确。15.考查上下文语义。根据句意“他（林肯）的当选在南部 引起了恐慌。”林肯反对奴隶制，损害的是南方奴隶主的利益，所以选项C符合原文语境。16.考查上下文语义。根据最后一段第一句可知，这里指脱离的是联邦政府，所以选项A符合原文语境。17.考查形容词
14、辨析。A选项alike“相似的，相像的”，强调两个人长得相像；B选项likely“可能的，合适的”；C选项similar“相似的”；D选项related“有关联的”。根据原文可知，这里是说其他六个州也采取了类似的措施，选项C符合语境。18.考查上下文语义。南卡罗来纳州已经脱离了联邦政府，所以这里是说“如果这六个州也被允许脱离联邦政府的话.”，选项A符合语境。19.考查词组辨析。A选项get together“聚集，积累”；B选项burst into“闯入”；C选项break out“爆发，突发”；D选项break up“解散，衰落”。根据句意“如果这六个州也被允许脱离联邦政府的话，联邦很快就会
15、分裂。”选项D符合原文语境。20.考查短语辨析。A选项by force“强迫地，靠武力”；B选项by persuading“通过劝说”；C选项by talking“通过谈判”；D选项 by education“通过教育”。根据句意“因此，在他就职后不久，他的内阁决定通过武力来维护联邦。”选项A符合原文语境。2. 单选题How can you avoid mistakes when you are in such a（ ）?问题1选项A.hasteB.hurryC.speedD.dash【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。in a hurry意为“立刻，匆忙”。句意：当你如此匆忙的时候，你怎么能避免
16、错误呢?选项B符合句意。3. 单选题I have devoted four weekends to writing papers and now I feel I（ ） a rest.问题1选项A.deserveB.preserveC.conceiveD.receive【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。deserve“应受，应得，值得”；preserve“保存，保护”；conceive“怀孕，构思”；receive“接受”。句意：我花了四周时间写论文，现在我觉得我值得休息一下了。A项符合题意。4. 单选题In our country, millions of ordinary men and w
17、omen are working to（ ） poverty and backwardness.问题1选项A.figure outB.wipe outC.carry outD.take out【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项figure out“理解，算出”；B选项wipe out“消灭，消除”；C选项carry out“实行”；D选项take out“拿走，去掉”。句意：在我们伟大的社会主义国家里，千百万普通男女正在为消除贫穷落后而无私地工作着。选项B符合句意。5. 单选题The girl was（ ） Julia after her grandmother.问题1选项A.appoin
18、tedB.namedC.nominatedD.elected【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。be named after 以的名字命名，和的名字一样。句意：这个女孩以她祖母的名字命名为茱莉亚。选项B正确。6. 单选题I bumped my head on the doorpost and now a（ ）has come up.问题1选项A.lumpB.knobC.pumpD.bubble【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项lump“肿块”；B选项knob“瘤”；C选项pump“泵”；D选项bubble“气泡”。句意：我的头撞在了门柱上，现在肿了起来。选项A符合语境。7. 单选题At tha
19、t time, America was faced with the problem of providing jobs for the many（ ） who were pouring into the country.问题1选项A.emigrantsB.migrantsC.inhabitantsD.immigrants【答案】D【解析】考查形近近义词辨析。A选项emigrant“移民（迁出的）”；B选项migrant“移居者”；C选项inhabitant“居民”；D选项immigrant“移民（迁入的）”。根据后面的定语从句“who were pouring into the countr
20、y. 涌入这个国家（美国）的人们”可知，这里指的是迁入的移民，所以选项D正确。8. 单选题Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake. Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven in
21、effective. The staying power of the “look-say” or “whole-word” method of teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively.The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning letters, thinking over decoding, developi
22、ng a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the self-directed, “learning how to learn” activities recommended by advocates（倡导者）of “open” classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally r
23、eady to begin reading. Before1963, no major publisher put out anything but these “Run-Spot-Run” readers.However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called “the great debate” in beginning reading. In his best-seller Why Johnny Cant Read, Flesch indicted （控诉）the nations public schools fo
24、r miseducating students by using the look-say method. He said-and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed_that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics（语音学）,is far superior.Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter com
25、binations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned
26、 Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step.1.The author feels that counting on educators to teach reading correctly is（ ）.2.The author indicts the look-say reading approach
27、 because（ ）.3.One major difference between the look-say method of learning reading and the phonics method is（ ） .4.The phrase “touch-off”（Para 3）most probably means（ ）.5.According to the author, which of the following statements is true?问题1选项A.only logical and naturalB.the expected positionC.probabl
28、y a mistakeD.merely effective instruction问题2选项A.it overlooks decodingB.Rudolf Flesch agrees with itC.he says it is boringD.many schools continue to use this method问题3选项A.look-say is simplerB.Phonics takes longer to learnC.look-say is easier to teachD.phonics gives readers access to far more words问题4
29、选项A.talk about shortlyB.start or causeC.compare withD.oppose问题5选项A.Phonics approach regards whole-word method as unimportant.B.The whole-word approach emphasizes decoding.C.In phonics approach, it is necessary and logical to employ decoding.D.Phonics is superior because it stresses the meaning of wo
30、rds thus the vast majority of most common words can be learned.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段“But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake. 但是依赖教育者来正确地完成这项任务可能是一个巨大的错误。”可知C项正确。2.细节事实题。由第二段“The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of wo
31、rds over the meaning letters, thinking over decoding, 整字阅读法强调单词的意义而不是字母的意义，思考而不是解码”可知A项正确。3.细节事实题。由最后一段“Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can
32、be learned. 它提供了一套密码，通过这套密码，绝大多数英语中最常见的单词的发音都可以被学习，而不是建立一个记忆单词的相对有限的词汇。”可知语音学让学生学会发音的单词更多。故D项正确。4.词义题。由第三段“However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called “the great debate” in beginning reading. 然而，在1955年，鲁道夫弗莱什在开始阅读时引发了所谓的“大辩论”。”选项中只有B项符合题意。5.推理判断题。由最后一段“Phonics does not devalue t
33、he importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step. 语音并没有贬低思考单词和句子意义的重要性;它只是认识到解码是逻辑和必要的第一步。”可知语音学习法认为解码是逻辑和必要的第一步。故C项正确。9. 单选题When you are at college, you should not（ ） your study.问题1选项A.get a big kick inB.f
34、ool around withC.set asideD.draw on【答案】C【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项get a big kick in“得到极大的乐趣”；B选项fool around with“与不三不四的人鬼混”；C选项set aside“驳回，不管”；D选项draw on“利用，吸收”。句意：在上大学的时候，你不应该把学习放在一边不管不顾。选项C符合语境。10. 单选题Too much（ ）to X-rays can cause skin burns cancer or other damage to the body.问题1选项A.disclosureB.exhibitionC.
35、contactD.exposure【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项disclosure“披露，揭发”；B选项exhibition“展览，显示”；C选项contact“接触”；D选项exposure“暴露”。句意：过多地暴露在X光下会导致皮肤灼伤、产生癌症或造成其他身体上的损伤。选项D符合句意。11. 单选题The chairman was blamed for letting his secretary（ ）too much work last week.问题1选项A.take toB.take outC.take awayD.take on【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。take to
36、走向，开始从事”；take out“取出，去掉”；take away“带走，拿走”；take on“承担，呈现”。句意：上周，主席因让他的秘书承担很多工作而受到责备。D项符合题意。12. 单选题I hate people who（ ） the end of a film that you havent seen before.问题1选项A.revealB.rewriteC.reviseD.reverse【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。reveal“揭示，揭露，显露”；rewrite“重写，改写”；revise“修订，复习”；reverse“颠倒，撤销，反转”。句意：我讨厌别人泄露我还没看过的
37、电影的结局。A项符合题意。13. 单选题After working all day, he was so tired that he was in no（ ） to go to the party with us.问题1选项A.tasteB.moodC.senseD.emotion【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。in no mood to do sth“没心情做某事”。句意：工作一整天之后，他很疲劳以至于他没有心情跟我们去参加聚会。故B项正确。14. 写作题Directions: Write a short essay (around 200 words) expressing your id
38、ea about GOOD MANNERS in 3 paragraphs. You are given the first sentence of each paragraph and are required to develop its ideas in completing the paragraph.1. Good manners mean good behavior in social intercourse.2. A selfish man can never possess good manners.3. Then how to learn good manners?【答案】略
39、15. 单选题She thinks about nothing but dancing. She is completely（ ）to it.问题1选项A.addictedB.absorbedC.involvedD.interested【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项addict“使沉迷，使上瘾”，一般和介词to搭配；B选项absorb“承受，理解，使.全神贯注”，一般和介词in搭配；C选项involve“涉及，使陷于，潜心于”，一般和介词in搭配；D选项interest“感兴趣”，一般和介词in搭配。根据句意“她只想跳舞。她完全上瘾了。”只有选项A能和介词to搭配，所以A正确。16.
40、翻译题Directions: Read the following paragraph carefully and translate it into Chinese.1. Upon learning of this cultural preference, Hallmark reacted quickly. Even though Chinese and Japanese descendants of Romeo and Juliet are now able to buy greeting cards in their native language, Hallmark has made
41、sure the supply of greeting cards in English is plentiful. Thus, their customers can achieve both a display of their hip cosmopolitan flair, while also sending their sweetie that all-important message of love at the same time.2.English as a lingua franca is nothing more than a useful tool: it is a “
42、language for communication”, a medium that is given substance with the different national, regional, local and individual cultural identities its speakers bring to it. English itself does not carry such identities, and it is not a “language for identification”. And because of the variety of function
43、al uses of global English, English has also a great potential for promoting international understanding. Its different speakers must always work out a common behavioural and intercultural basis.【答案】1.在了解到这一文化偏好之后，霍尔马克公司快速做出了反应。尽管“罗密欧与朱丽叶”的中国和日本后裔现在都能买到母语贺卡，但霍尔马克公司同时确保了英语贺卡的供应充足。这样，他们的顾客既可以展示他们时尚的世界性
44、眼光，同时也可以向他们的爱人传达最重要的爱的信息。2.作为一种通用语，英语只不过是一种有用的工具:它是一种“交流的语言”， 是一种由其使用者赋予了不同民族、地区、地方和个人文化特色的物质媒体。英语本身并没有这种身份，它也不是一种“身份识别语言”。而且，由于全球英语功能用法的多样性，英语在促进国际理解方面也具有巨大潜力。不同的使用者必须始终制定出一个共同的行为和跨文化基础。17. 单选题As one of the worlds highest paid models, she had her face（ ）for five million dollars.问题1选项A.depositedB.as
45、suredC.measuredD.insured【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。deposit“存放，使沉积”；assure“保证”；measure“测量，估量”；insure“确保，保证，给保险”。句意；作为世界上收入最高的模特之一，她给她的脸投了五百万的保险。D项符合题意。18. 单选题（ ）occasional differences of opinion, Ron and Paul get along very well.问题1选项A.Except forB.Out ofC.In spite ofD.In addition to【答案】C【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项 Except for“除了.以外”；B选项Out of“由于”；C选项In spite of“尽管，不顾”；D选项In addition to“除.之外，还有.”。句意：尽管偶尔意见有分歧，但罗恩和保罗相处得很好。选项C符合句意。1
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