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1、第14讲 八年级(下)Units 910 英语 1invent(v.)invention(n.)发明物inventor(n.)发明者 2believe(v.)believable(adj.)可信的unbelievable(adj.)难以置信的 3usual(adj.)unusual(反义词 )特别的；不寻常的 4encourage(v.)encouragement(n.)鼓励 5peace(n.)peaceful(adj.)和平的 6collect(v.)collection(n.)收集 7safe(adj.)safety(n.)安全dangerous(adj.)危险的danger(n.)危险
2、 8simply(adv.)simple(adj.)简单 的 9most(adj.)大多数mostly(adv.)主要地 10scarf(n.)scarves/scarfs(复数) 11own(v.)owner(n.)拥有者 12true(adj.)truth(n.)真相；事实truthful(adj.)诚实 的；真实的 13especial(adj.)especially(adv.)尤其；特别；格外 1put up a tent 搭帐篷 2encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 3a couple of 两个；一对；几个 4thousands of 数以千计的；许许 多
3、多的 5on the one hand.on the other hand.一方面另一 方面 6have problems doing sth. 做某事有麻烦 7board game 棋类游戏 8all year round 全年 9three quarters 四分之三 10check out 查看；观察 11clear out 清理；丢掉 12no longer 不再；不复 13part with 放弃、交出(尤指不舍得的东西) 14as for 至于；关于 15to be honest 说实 在的 16according to 依据；按照 17close to 几乎；接近 1Have y
4、ou ever been to a science museum？你去过科技博物馆？ 2I have been to the art museum many times我去过艺术 博物馆很多次了。 3Ive never been to a water park.我从未去过水上乐园。 Me neither我也没去过。 4Lets go somewhere different today.我们今天去某个不同的地方吧。 5Its really interesting，isnt it？它确实很有趣，是不是？ 6Watching the tea preparation is just as enjoya
5、ble as drinking the tea itself观 看他们准备沏 茶的过程和饮茶本身一样令人享受。 7How long have you had that bike over there？那边的那辆自行车你买了 多长时间 了？ Ive had it for three years！我买了三年了！ 8Jim has been in Japan for three days.吉姆在日本待了三天了。 9Nowadays，millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for work in the cities.如今，数百万中国人离
6、开农村去城市寻找工作。 10I used to return home at least once a year，but I havent been back for almost three years now.我过去一年至少回去一次，但是现在我几乎三年没有回去了。 three quarters 【典例在线】 Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.地球表面的四分之三是海洋。 Two thirds of the new students are from No.1 Middle School.三分之二的新生来 自第一中学。 【拓展精析
7、】 three quarters四分之三。英语中分数的表示法为：分子分母。通常分子是 基数词，分母是序数词，若分子大于一，则分母用复数形式。如1/5 one fifth， 4/5 four fifths。若表示“中的几分之几”，常用“分数of名词”结构， 此结构作主语时 ，谓语动词 与名词在数上保持一致。 【活学活用】 1)_C_ of the students in our class _ girls.(2014，益阳) ATwo fifth；is BTwo fifth；are CTwo fifths；are DTwo fifths；is whenever 【典例在线】 You can as
8、k for help whenever you need it.你无论何时需要帮助都可以提出来。 Whatever you say，Ill believe you.无论你说什么，我都相信你。 Whoever telephones，tell him (her) Im out.不管是谁打电话，告诉他(她)我出去 了。 【拓展精析】 whenever意为“在任何时候；无论何时”，与no matter when同义。作 连词 可引导让 步状语从句。类似的词还 有whatever(无论什么)，wherever(无论 哪里)，whoever(无论谁)等。 【活学活用】 2)Kates dad is get
9、ting old.She will go back home to see him _C_ it is convenient.(2013，江西) Abecause Balthough Cwhenever Dunless regard 【典例在线】 She regards the books as good friends.她把书当作好朋友。 【拓展精析】 regard意为“将认为 ；把视为 ”。常见用法有regard sb./sth.as. 表示“将某人/某物看作”。 【活学活用】 3)史蒂芬霍金把他的许多身体问题 看得不重要。(2013，宜宾) Stephen Hawking regards
10、 his many physical problems as unimportant. especially 【典例在线】 Flowers are always welcomed，especially in winter.鲜花总是受到欢迎，尤其是 在冬天。 【拓展精析】 especially副词，意为“尤其；特别；格外”，在句中常用作状语，用于列 举某个特例或某事物的特殊性。其形容词形式为especial，意为“特别的；特 殊的”。 【活学活用】 4)The city of Harbin is beautiful all the year around，_A_ in winter.Ice la
11、nterns decorate streets and attract plenty of tourists.(2013，哈尔滨) Aespecially Bgenerally Cprobably Dfinally Ive never been to a water park.我从来没有去过水上公园。 Me neither.我也没去过。 【典例在线】 She doesnt like playing basketball.她不喜欢打篮球。 Me neither.我也不喜欢。 He can speak English.他会讲英语。 Me too.我也会。 【拓展精析】 Me neither意为“我
12、也不”。表示前一句所述的否定情况也适用于后者时，可 用此简略形式。 Me too意为“我也一样”。表示前一句所述的肯定情况也适用于后者时，可 用此简略形式。 【活学活用】 1)He didnt finish his homework yesterday. Me_neither(我也没有。) Among these is Zhong Wei，a 46 year old husband and father.钟伟 ，一位46 岁的丈夫和父亲，就是其中的一位。 【典例在线】 Tom is a 10 year old boy. Tom is a boy of 10 years old.汤姆是一个10岁
13、的男孩。 【拓展精析】 46 year old是一个复合形容词，在句中作定语。这种复合形容词有两个特点： 一是数词、名词、形容词之间要用连字符连接，二是数词后的名词用单数 形式。 另一种类似的复合形容词作定语的结构是：数词连字符“ ”名词(单数)。 【活学活用】 2)A _B_ player named Li Jianrou from China won Chinas first gold medal in 2014 winter Olympics.(2014，邵阳) A27 yearsold B 27yearold C27 years old D27 year olds 3)The park
14、 is far away from here indeed.Its about _D_ walk.(2014，苏州) Aa three hour Ba three hours Ca threehours Da threehour I have had this bike for three years.这辆 自行车我已经买 了三年了。 【典例在线】 She has worked here for five years.她在这儿工作五年了。 He has been in the army for two years.他参军已经两年了。 【拓展精析】 在现在完成时中，与表示一段时间 的时间 状语连
15、 用时，谓语动词 通常用延 续性动词 。如：learn，be，work，know，keep，have等。 【活学活用】 4)What a nice bike！How long _D_ you _ it? Just for five weeks. Awill；buy Bdid；buy Care；having Dhave；had 5)Look at these stamps.I _B_ them for five years. Wow，they are wonderful. Akept Bhave kept Chave bought Dbought have/has been to，have/ha
16、s gone to，have/has been in 【典例在线】 I have never been to a water park.我从来都没有去过水上公园。 Wheres Kathy？凯西在哪里？ Shes gone to Shanghai.她去上海了。 He has been in Beijing for ten years.他在北京10年了。 【拓展精析】 have been to“曾经去过，人已经回来了”，常与ever或never连用，也可与表 示次数的词连 用，表示“去过(某地)几次”。 have been to“曾经去过，人已经回来了”，常与ever或never连用，也可与表
17、示次数的词连 用，表示“去过(某地)几次”。 have gone to“去了”，在去某地的路上或已经在某地，人还未回来，只能用 于第三人称。 have been in“已经在(某地)”，常与一段时间连 用。 【活学活用】 1)Where is Mr.Wang? He together with his students _A_ Zhuyuwan Park.(2014，扬州) Ahas gone to Bhave gone to Chas been to Dhave been to 2)Have you ever been to Tokyo? Yes，I _B_ there twice.Its
18、a modern city. Ahave gone Bhave been Chad gone Dhave been to since，for 【典例在线】 My aunt has worked in a bank since 1992.自从1992年我姑姑就在一家银行工作 。 I have been in Beijing since I left home.自从离开家我就在北京了。 Weve known each other for more than two years.我们认识两年多了。 【拓展精析】 现在完成时常和since及for引导的时间 状语连 用。 since之后常接过去一个时间
19、 点(如具体的年、月、日、钟点)；一段时间 ago；从句(从句多用一般过去时)来说明动作起始时间 。 for之后常接时间 段，说明某种情况已经持续了一段时间 。句中的谓语动词 应用延续性动词 。 现在完成时中，对一段时间 提问，常用how long。 【活学活用】 3)How long have you lived in the new flat? _C_ 2012.(2013，扬州) AIn BAfter CSince DBefore 4)Im looking after Tom today.Hes been in my house _C_ 8：00 this morning.(2013，十
20、堰) Aat Bfor Csince Dtill do with，deal with 【典例在线】 I dont know how they deal with the problem.I dont know what they do with the problem.我不知道他们是如何处理这个问题的。 【拓展精析】 两者都表示“处理”。但do with常和疑问词 what连用；deal with常和疑问词 how连用。 【活学活用】 5)Many students dont know how to _B_ stress and become worried. I think theyd be
21、tter ask their teachers for help. Aargue with Bdeal with Cquarrel with Dcome up with 一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。 1Youll be safe (安全的) here. 2Air pollution is one of the most serious social (社会的) problems there. 3Jack is an honest (诚实 的) boy，so we all like him very much. 4To my shame (羞愧) I never thanked hi
22、m for his kindness. 5No one is perfectEverybody makes mistakes sometimes. 6In spring leaves begin to grow on the trees. 7Look！There is a house among the trees. 8We all regard our English teacher as our best friend. 二、用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。 fox，simple，childhood，memory，scarf，perform，it 9I spent my ea
23、rly childhood in my hometown. 10That song always brings back lots of good memories 11The house itself is very beautiful. 12We like to watch the performance of the band Indigo. 13There are several foxes in this zoo. 14You can enjoy all the water sports，or simply lie on the beach. 15We need three scar
24、ves/scarfs for the girls. 三、单项选择。 16Mum，_A_ of the apples _ gone bad. Wed better eat up the rest as soon as possible.(2014，内江) Aone third；have Bone thirds；have Cone third；has Dfirst three；has 【解析】本题考查分数表达法。英语中分数的分子为基数词，分母为序数词 ；当分子大于一的时候，分母要用复数。谓语动词的单复数形式由所修饰的 名词来决定，若修饰的是不可数名词，谓语动词一律用单数。这里是修饰的 可数名词ap
25、ples，谓语动词用复数。 17Peter has never been to a water park._D_ AI havent neither BI havent too CMe too DMe neither 【解析】Me neither意为“我也不”，表示前一句所述的否定情况也适用于后者 时；Me too意为“我也一样”，表示前一句所述的肯定情况也适用于后者。由 句意“皮特从没有去过水上公园”可知此句是否定情况，故选D。 18_B_ have you been in the sports club? Since the first month I came to the school
26、.(2013，上海) AHow old BHow long CHow much DHow soon 【解析】本题考查特殊疑问词组的辨析。结合答语可知上句问的应是“你在运 动俱乐部多长时间了？”故How long符合题意。 19Liu Ming，is that our headteacher Miss Chen over there？(2014，福州) It cant be her.She _B_ Xiamen for a meeting. Ahas been to Bhas gone to Chas been away Dhas gone 【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析。have been to
27、意为“去过”；have gone to意为“到去了(还未回来)”；have been away意为“离开”。由“It cant be her.”可知，她去厦门参加会议了(人还未回来)。故选B。 20She _B_ her hometown since she was 18 years old.She told me she would return soon.(2014，凉山) Ahas left Bhas been away from Cleft Dwent away 【解析】本题考查动词的时态。本题的关键词是“since she was 18 years old” ，应用现在完成时，由此可
28、排除C、D两项；又因leave是非延续性动词，因 此不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，故排除A；leave所对应的延续性动 词短语为“be away (from)”，故选B。 写作典例之旅游与安全 (一)(2011，温州) 初中的生活即将结束，一项调查结 果显示很多同学想在考试后去旅游 ，但是也有同学不喜欢旅游。请以“Traveling Is. ”为题 写一篇100词左 右的短文谈谈 你的看法。 要求：1.先把题目补充完整(可用interesting，boring等)； 2文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。 【范文欣赏一】 Traveling Is Interesting Traveli
29、ng is interesting. You will have lots of fun things to do and see during the trip.Just imagine that you are walking in the beautiful mountains，enjoying the fresh air and listening to the birds singing.Its amazing，isnt it? Sometimes，you may meet people from different places and make friends with them
30、，which makes your trip a more pleasant one.Also，you may have many interesting things to share with your friends when you are back.All the pleasure of your trip will be kept in your memory. Its not surprising that so many students cant wait to go traveling after the examination! 【范文欣赏二】 Traveling Is
31、Boring Traveling is usually boring. There are always too many people in places of interest in China and it is crowded everywhere，especially on holidays.Just imagine that you are waiting in line，hungry and thirsty.“Why do I come here? To see the crowd？” you may complain.If you are unlucky，you may mee
32、t a bad guide who pushes you to shop here and there.Its terrible，isnt it? Also，you may have to get up early to take the plane or wait in the airport for hours because of the delayed flight. Therefore，I prefer to stay at home than go traveling after the examination. (二)(2014，安徽) 假定你是王伟，你的英国笔友David来信问及你们学校在暑假期间对 学 生的要求。请你根据以下要点给他回一封电子邮件。 家庭安全：小心用火用电，外出时关好门窗； 游泳安全：不独自去游泳，不去河、湖游泳； 交通安全： 过马 路要当心，不在马路上玩耍。 提示词：electricity (n.电) 注意：1.词数80100； 2请不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥 ； 3文中不能出现真实的校名和人名； 4邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词 数。 【范文欣赏】 Dear_David， Glad_to_receive_your_e 请完成考点集训14