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1、Grammar: infinitives,动词不定式,To do that sort of thing is foolish。,I want to see you this evening.,All you have to do is to finish it quickly.,We found a house to live in.,She came here to study English.,I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,作主语,To master a f
2、oreign language is really important nowadays.,To give up smoking is right.,1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。,2. 放弃吸烟是对的。,It is important to master a foreign language.,It is right to give up smoking,for us,To do 作主语， 常用it 作形式主语，to do真正的主语放在句末。 It is adj. for sb to do sth (necessary/ important/ easy/ difficult/ possib
3、le) 如形容词是用来形容人 ，则介词用of It is adj. of sb to do sth (kind, good, nice, foolish, clever, silly wrong, stupid, considerate, rude, impolite),作宾语,Fred didnt have any money, so he decided to look for a job.,He promised not to tell anyone about it.,1. Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。,2. 他答应不告述任何人这事。,一. 通常要用动词不定式做宾语的动词有
4、:wish ， hope ， prepare, manage ， ask ， offer ， promise ， expect, pretend ， decide, intend等。,二. 有时可以用 it 作形式宾语，而把真正作宾语的动词不定式放在后面。 It is + adj. (of / for sb) to do sth 例如： I find it hard to persuade her. 常用动词： make, find, feel, think, believe, consider He made it a rule to read English every day. I fi
5、nd it hard for me to master a foreign language.,三. 有些动词后面既可以接不定式作宾语,又接动名词作宾语,但意义不同。如remember, forget, stop, try, regret, mean 等。 例如： I remember locking the door. （ lock 动作已经发生） Please remember to lock the door when you leave. （ lock 动作还没有发生）,作表语,My job is to teach English.,To see is to believe.,1. 我
6、的工作是教英语。,2. 眼见为实。,作定语,a. 动词不定式可以用在名词后面作定语。 如：I have many letters to answer. b. 但如果动词不定式的动词为不及物动词时，要在其后面加上适当的介词。 如：She has only a cold room to live in. c. 动词不定式作定语还可表示将来发生的动作。 如： The meeting to be held tomorrow will be of great importance。,作状语,He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard. They jump
7、ed with joy to hear the news. Im too tired to walk any further tonight. They hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.,目的状语.,原因状语.,结果状语,有时为了加强语气，不定式可以提前到句首，但是 so as to 不能放在句首。,作宾补,She asked me to stay there.,1. 她叫我呆在这儿。,2.请允许我介绍Mr. White给你们。,Please allow me to introduce Mr. White
8、to you.,可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有： advise ， ask ， allow ， expect ， encourage ， force ， permit ， order ， persuade ， request ， tell ， want ， wish 等。,有些动词后面的不定式作宾补时，不带to，如 （感官类） feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, notice, observe . （使役动词） make, have, let, 变成被动句，需还原to: He was made to wear a mask.,I heard them sing
9、 a pop song . The teacher made me answer the question. We watched them play football .,注意,A. 动词不定式的否定式只须在to 前加 not.,My father decided not to take up the job.,The teacher told us not to be late again.,注意,B . 带疑问词的动词不定式在to 前加疑问词,可当作名词用，作主语，宾语。,Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer.,Can you tell
10、 me where to get the book?,注意,C. 作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to 后面的动词，只保留to 。,A:Would you like to come to my party?,Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).,B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party).,Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。,1.在使役动词 have, let, make 之后。 2.在感官动词 feel, hear, see, watc
11、h, notice, observe, listen to, look at 之后。 3.在 why 和 why not 之后。 4. 在其他结构之中。 a. can do nothing but / except do have nothing to do but/ except wait have no choice but to wait b. cannot help but do c. cannot but do d. had better do sth e. would rather do sth f. help sb (to) do sth 或 help (to) do,小结(省略
12、to的情况),To do,一般式 to do 被动 to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing 否定式 not to do 逻辑主语 for sb to do sth of,动词不定式的时态,1. I opened the door to enter the room.,2. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.,. 一般式( to do ).,不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。,.进行式( t
13、o be doing),1. I am very glad to be working with you.,2. Be quiet! They seem to be having class.,如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。,动词不定式的时态,动词不定式的时态,.完成式（to have done),1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.,2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.,如果谓语表示的动作发生在不定式之前。,动词不定式的语态
14、,.主动式( to do / to be doing /to have done),1. We want to learn English well.,2.Robert is said_abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in.(NMET99) to have studied B.to study C. made D. to make,当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时.,动词不定式的语态,.被动式( to be done / to have been done),1. He didnt like to be lau
15、ghed at.,2. He claimed _in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.（上海98） being badly treated B.treating badly C. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated.,当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时.,The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. A. not make B. no
16、t to make C. not making D. do not make 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects,高考题汇集：,3. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer.,to invent B. inventing C. to have invented C. having invented,4. Al
17、len had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home.,much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much,5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.,A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,6. Little Jim should love _ to
18、 the theatre this evening.,to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking,7.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.(1999上海高考),to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing,8. _late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.,A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sle
19、ep,9. With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.,settled B. settling C.to settle D. being settled,10. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_in making the earth a better place to live.,A.to have played B. to play C. to be play
20、ed D. to be playing,11. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state run companies are trying _their products more competitive.,to make B. making C. to have made D.having made,12. The teacher asked us_so much noise.,A.dont make B. not make,C. not making D. not to make,1. T
21、he light in the office is still on. -Oh, I forgot . A. turning it off B. turn it off C having turned it off D. to turn it off 2. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. Cleaned D. being c leaned 3. Not everybody has the ability in public. A. of speak B.
22、speaking C. spoken D. to speak,练习,4. Mary is always the first student to answer the teachers questions in class. A. rising B. to rise C. rose D. risen 5. Mum ,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day? - _enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be
23、 getting 6.Would you be so kind us out? -With pleasure. A. helping B. in helping C. help D. as to help,7. Wet umbrellas are not allowed into this hotel according to the rule. A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking,8. Robert is said _ abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in. A to ha
24、ve studied B to study C to be studying D to have been studying,9. In Australia he made a lot of friends _a very practical knowledge of English. get B. getting C. to get D. got,10. The patient was warmed _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 11. We agreed _ here, but so far she hasnt turned out yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 12. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning,Goodbye,everyone!,