《历年八级翻译真题分析.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《历年八级翻译真题分析.ppt（61页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、英语专业八级考试翻 译真题解析 考试大纲对翻译的要求 o翻译项目为主观试题，分两个部分。第一部分 Section A Chinese to English，要求考生将文内约 150个左右的汉字译成英语。第二部分Section B English to Chinese，要求考生将文内约150个左右 的英语译成汉语， o高校英语专业八级考试大纲(2004年新版)对汉译 英测试提出了两点较新的要求：第一，能运用汉 译英的理论和技巧，翻译我国报刊杂志上的文章 和一般文学作品。速度为每小时250至300个汉字 。第二、译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺、流畅。 （1）内容上以文学翻译和政论性文章为主 （2）在质
2、量的要求上强调忠实和通顺，现在还 加上了“流畅”这一较高的标准。 TEM8，1996 汉译英试题 o在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是个交 朋友的好机会。在这样的场合陌生人相见 如果是亚洲人，他们总是在开口之前先毕 恭毕敬的把自己的名片递上，这好象是不 可缺少的礼节。然而法国人一般都不大主 动递送名片，双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海 阔天空的聊一番也就各自走开。只有当双 方谈话投机，希望继续交往时才会主动掏 出名片。二话不说，先掏名片反而有些勉 强。 1 汉语理解 o广交朋友：make friends extensively ? oMake a lot of friends o“冷餐会”、“酒会”：c
3、old dish party ? obuffet reception dinner party o“寒暄” ：coldly talk for a while ? oexchange of conversational greetings; exchange of amenities or compliments （见面时谈论天气冷暖的应酬话） o“海阔天空”：unrestrained and far-ranging o“二话不说”：before starting a conversation o“投机”：speculative oagreeable o“勉强”：reluctant ounnat
4、ural 学生译文： o(1)双方见面寒暄几句也就各自走开。 oThey will leave after exchanges of some polite expressions of formulas. o(2)甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开。 oThey will leave even after a lot of talking. o(3) 二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强。 oIt seems reluctant to offer visiting cards without a word. oIt seems somewhat unnatural for them to give n
5、ame cards before getting into conversation. o(4) 他们往往开口之前先必恭必敬地用双手 把自己的名片呈递给对方。 oThey usually present their name cards respectfully with both hands before opening their mouths. oWhen strangers meet on such occasions, an Asian tends to present his name card respectfully with both hands before the con
6、versation. o（5）只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往 时才会主动掏出名片。 oOnly when they are speculative in their conversation and hope to keep in touch later on will they give name cards. oThey will offer cards only when they find each other agreeable and hope to further the relationship. Have further intercourse 2 英语表达 o翻译应该对汉
7、英思维方式差异心中有数，否 则很容易受到思维方式的负干扰。我们需要 的是TL思维方式的积极引导，排除SL思维方 式的消极干扰。 o如英语名词有数的范畴，汉语没有，因此汉 译英时必须对名词的数作出选择。英语中“ 亚洲人”复数加S，而法国人复数为加 -men ，有的同学就译出“Asianman, Asianmen, Frenches”。 试比较英语中有关民族的词汇（ Quirk） Specific reference Generic reference singularpluralplural An American A German An Asian A European Americans G
8、ermans Asians Europeans The American The Germans The Asians The Europeans An Englishman A Frenchman Englishmen Frenchmen The English The French 英语中的可数和不可数 o“礼节”：an etiquette or etiquette? o这词是不可数的，意思是manners, a set of customs and rules for polite behavior. o“冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会”: are good opportunities? o英
9、语表达习惯是to give sb. an opportunity of / to oIn Paris, various cocktail parties and buffet dinners provide an excellent opportunity to make a lot of friends. 3 文化因素 o冷餐会：get-togethers at which hosts offer their guests cold food / barbecue (student) ? o准确：buffet meal o名片：card, name card; business card;
10、visiting card; calling card o“ID card”? 参考译文 在巴黎，名目繁多 的酒会、冷餐会是 个交朋友的好机会 。在这样的场合陌 生人相见如果是亚 洲人，他们总是在 开口之前先毕恭毕 敬的把自己的名片 递上，这好象是不 可缺少的礼节。 o In Paris, cocktail parties and buffet dinners in honor of this or that provide an excellent opportunity to make a lot of friends. When strangers meet on such occasi
11、ons, an Asian tends to present his name card respectfully with both hands before the conversation, which seems to be required by etiquette. o然而法国人一般都 不大主动递送名片， 双方见面寒暄几句， 甚至海阔天空的聊一 番也就各自走开。只 有当双方谈话投机， 希望继续交往时才会 主动掏出名片。二话 不说，先掏名片反而 有些勉强。 However, the French usually are not so ready with such a formali
12、ty that they will excuse themselves after exchanges of a few words of greetings or even after a rambling chat about everything under the sun. They will offer cards only when they find each other agreeable and hope to further the relationship. And it seems somewhat unnatural for them to do so before
13、getting into conversation. o【2002年8级测试汉译英】 o 大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等 。所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深 的依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年以来人们 一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄 ，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和 栽花；在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在 节日到广场拉琴、跳舞、和唱歌；往日的 田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个 地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来 。 1 汉英词汇语义对比与翻译 o“酿酒和饮酒” o学生译文：brew wine and drink alcohol; brew spirits and drink wi
14、ne; brew wine and drink beer o正确的处理方法：（1）使用及物动词，但 统一宾语，如brew and drink wine o(2) 使用不及物动词，如brew and drink “喂牛和挤奶” o牛：cattle, bull, cow, calf, bullock, buffalo o学生译文：feed bull and milk cow; feed oxen and milk them; feed bulls for milk o正确处理方法：（1）使用及物动词 feed cattle and milk cows; feed cows and milk the
15、m; feed and milk cows; feed cows for milk o(2) 使用不及物动词译“挤奶”，feed cattle and milk; feed cows and milk o“锄草”：grass, straw, weed o字面翻译：eradicate/ remove / hoe up / uproot weeds o意译：hoe the garden; weed the garden, weed o“温馨的家园”：warm and fragrant ? oWarm and comfortable, cozy, Hearth and home (good) 修辞方
16、面：同义反复 o“锄草和栽花”：weed and garden? oGarden: doing work in your garden such as weeding and planting o处理：（1）只用动词gardening o(2) 与邻近结构取得平行效果，选择weed the garden and plant flowers; weed to plant flowers o“去教堂祈祷和做礼拜”： ogo to church to pray and worship ? oGo to church本身有去教堂做礼拜的意思 o正确：go to church; ogo to the c
17、hurch to pray and worship; opray and worship in the church 2 汉英话语组织法对比与翻译 oParallelism和汉语的騈偶结构 oJ. E. Kahn (1985): Parallel constructions, then, come in a great variety of sizes and shapes. These are all subject to an overriding and obvious rule: if elements are presented as parallel, they must be p
18、aralleltheir structures must be properly matched. o(1) 文体问题：She is stubborn, selfish, and has a sharp temper. oShe is stubborn, selfish and quick-tempered. o(2) 语法错误：Not only is that a very unfair statement, but also quite untrue. oNot only is that a very unfair statement, but it is also quite untru
19、e. “无论贫富” o不平行结构：people, poverty or wealthy oPeople, poor or the rich oPeople, poor or with property oPeople, poor or of wealth o平行结构：people, poor or rich oPeople, the poor or the rich “种植庄稼和葡萄” o不平行结构：they plant crops and grapevines, brewing and drink wine oThey plant crops and grapevines, brew win
20、e and drinking oThey plant crops and grapevines, brew, drink , feed cows and milk o平行结构：They plant crops and grapevines, brew and drink wine, feed and milk cows oThey plant crops and grapevines, brew wine to drink, feed cows to milk “到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌” o不平行结构：They play the violin, dance and singing oThey
21、play the violin, dancing and sing oThey play the violin, dance and they sing o平行结构：They play the violin, dance and sing. oThey play the violin, dancing and singing 基本常识类错误： othe nature oIn a same way oGo to the church oPlay violin oHuman being oEvery people oCattles oMilks oFolklores oGo to the chur
22、ch to prey 参考译文 o 大自然对人的恩 赐，无论贫富，一律 平等。所以人们对于 大自然，全都一致并 深深的依赖着。尤其 在乡间，上千年以来 人们一直以不变的方 式生活着。 oThe bounty of nature is equal to everyone, rich or poor, and therefore all men are strongly attached to her. This is particularly true in the rural areas, where people have kept the same lifestyle for a mill
23、ennium or so. 参考译文 种植庄稼和葡萄，酿 酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤 奶，锄草和栽花；在 周末去教堂祈祷和做 礼拜，在节日到广场 拉琴、跳舞、和唱歌 ；往日的田园依旧是 今日的温馨家园。这 样，每个地方都有自 己的传说，风俗也就 衍传了下来。 They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine to drink, feed cows to milk, and weed the gardens to grow flowers. They go to church at weekends, and they meet in the square on ho
24、lidays, singing and dancing. The age- old land remains the same as their family hearth. Each place boasts its folklore and thereby social customs go on. o1998年 o这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不 少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论 的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。虽虽 然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中， 有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都
25、深深有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻铭刻 着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族振兴中华民族 的共同理想的共同理想。在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国 正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共 同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。世纪之交的宝贵 机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。跨世纪青 年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪， 这是我们必须回答的问题。 o【概述】 o 这段文字是一篇赴台访问记的节选，文中 夹叙夹议，用词讲究，文笔优美。翻译时有 三大难点，一是文中的几个复杂的长句，如 第二句长达75字，而且里面包含转折、并列 等多
26、种关系。二是我们习以为常的很多说法 如“铭刻着印记”，“推到历史前台”等要 翻译好也不容易。三是这段文字涉及祖国统 一的主题，笔下饱含感情，充满了对祖国统 一的期望和对台湾同胞的深厚情意，所以翻 译时措辞很关键。 o【参考译文】 o When we stayed in Taiwan for an exchange program, despite the tight schedule, we visited many places, meeting old friends and make new ones. At every get-together, one important topic
27、 was how to make China powerful and prosperous in the 21st century. Though young people on the mainland and in Taiwan live in different social environments and have varied life experiences, their hearts are all imprinted with the fine tradition of the Chinese culture and they cherish the same ideal
28、of rejuvenating the Chinese nation. oThe turn of the century has ushered in a great epoch during which our motherland is becoming stronger and more prosperous day by day. The people on both sides of the Taiwan Straits will strengthen exchanges and work together to bring about an earlier reunificatio
29、n of their motherland. The precious opportunities and tremendous challenges at the turn of the century have pushed the young people to the forefront of history. What attitude should be adopted by the cross-century younger generation to meet the new century of hope? This is a question that demands ou
30、r answer. o1999年 o温哥华（Vancouver）的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋 的结晶，其中包括多民族的贡献。加拿大地广人 稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。 吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。可以 说，加拿大除了印第安人外，无一不是外来移民， 不同的只是时间长短而已。温哥华则更是世界上 屈指可数的多民族城市。现今180万温哥华居民中 ，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个 是亚洲人。而25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着 决定性的作用。他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温 哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人 聚居地。 o【概述】 o 这段文字是对加拿大著名
31、港口城市温哥华的 简要介绍，语言清晰流畅，理解起来并不困难 ，除了“辉煌”、“结晶”等少数词汇外，翻译时 在措辞上也不存在太多问题。但是原文少数句 子与句子之间、句子内部各成分之间的逻辑关 系和语义关系不是很明确，译成汉语时应根据 译入语的表达习惯灵活转换。汉语语法呈隐含 性(covertness)，英语语法呈外显性(overtness) ；汉语重意合，英语重形合，因此英语句子中 外在的形式连接手段很多，连词的使用也远远 多于汉语，这一点对本文的翻译尤为重要。 o【参考译文】 o The prosperity of Vancouver, to which many ethnic groups
32、have contributed, is the crystallization of its peoples wisdom and industriousness. Canada, a sparsely populated big country, has a territory larger than that of China, but only a population of less than 30 million. Admitting immigrants has therefore become the long-term national policy pursued by C
33、anada. It is safe to say that the Canadians, aside from the Indians, are all immigrants, who differ from each other only in how long they have lived in the country. oVancouver is one of the few multinational cities in the world. Among the 1.8 million residents in Vancouver, half were born outside th
34、e country, and of every four residents one comes from Asia. The 250 thousand Chinese immigrants have played a decisive role in the economic transformation of Vancouver. Half of them have come to the Vancouver area within the past five years, turning it into the largest Chinese settlement outside of
35、Asia. o【2000年8级测试汉译英】 o世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是 通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生 物的演化历史。第二代属于工业技术博物 馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段 性成果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科 学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了 被动的旁观者。 o 世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的 博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己去动手操 作，自己细心观察。这样，他们可以更贴 近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙 。 o【概述】 o 这是一段对中国科技馆的介绍性文字，语 言比较朴素，条理清楚，句子结构都比较简 单，没有太多费解的地方。尽管如此，翻译 起来还是
36、有一定难度。如何断句，如何选词 是颇值得考虑的。 o【参考译文】 oThe first-generation museums in the world are those of natural history, which, by means of fossils and specimens，introduce the evolution of the Earth and various organisms. The second-generation museums are those of industrial technologies. They demonstrate the frui
37、ts of industrialization at various stages. Although they have played a role in disseminating scientific knowledge, museums of the first generations are in fact places where visitors become passive spectators. The third-generation museums in the world are those designed with new concepts. In such mus
38、eums, visitors can operate with their own hands and observe with their own eyes. In this way, they are brought closer to advanced science and technology, and offered more opportunities to explore the mysteries. o【2001年8级测试汉译英】 o乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外两大爱好却 鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。晚年的乔羽 喜爱垂钓，他说，“有水有鱼的地方大都 是有好环境的，好环境便会给
39、人好心情 。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你 准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引 力的大自然野外天成的场所。”钓鱼是一 项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康 。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一 阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有 之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水 ，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心 得到充分休息。” o【概述】 o 本文原文相对简单，不会造成理解问 题。要注意的是在英文表达时，充分认识到 英语词汇的多义性，对词义理解透彻，选用 恰当的词汇。另外要注意的一点是语体类别 。本文属书面语言，应当尽量选用相应的英 文书面词汇和表达方式。在这一点上，译文 要比译文得体的
40、多，试比较。 o【参考译文1】 oIn his later years (Late in his life), Qiao Yu has become enamored of fishing (developed a penchant / special fondness for fishing). He asserts: “ Mostly speaking, a place with water and fish must necessarily be blessed with a nice setting, which in return keeps people in good mood.
41、 I believe that the optimum fishing places are not those commercial fishing centers which provide the fishermen with all the conveniences and where fish are kept hungry for ready capture, but those naturally-formed places in the wilderness which exert a special appeal.” oAccording to him, fishing ca
42、n constitute an activity conducive to the cultivation of ones temperament and to ones health, at once physical and psychological. Qiao Yu claims: “Fishing can be divided into three stages. The first stage consists of mere fish-eating; the second a combination of fish-eating and the pleasure (enjoyme
43、nt) of fishing; the third primarily the pleasure of fishing when, confronted with a pond of clear water, one puts aside all his troubling vexations and annoyances and enjoys the total relaxation both mentally and physically.” o【参考译文2】 oQiao Yu took to fishing in his old age. He said: “Where there is
44、 fish and water, there is good environment, and good environment fills ones heart with joy. I think the best place for fishing is not a comfortable man-made fish-pond where hungry fish are ready for you, but an enchanting place in the wild where everything is natural.” Fishing is a game that can hel
45、p improve ones temperament. oIt is good for mental and bodily health. Qiao Yu said: “Fishing falls into three stages. The first stage is just for eating fish. The second stage is for enjoying the pleasure of fishing as well as eating fish. The third stage is mainly for the pleasure of fishing-facing
46、 a pool of green water, one casts aside all anxieties and worries and enjoys a good rest, both mental and physical. o【2003年8级测试汉译英】 o 得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸 道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小 房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不 得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒 放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑 语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗 帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己 的哥姐、堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜 气洋洋。一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，
47、为世所 遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。 o【概述】 o o 本文的理解基本上不构成问题。表达时， 要注意恰当的断句、恰当的使用关联词，以 及恰当的使用平行结构。比如第一句和第二 句是因果关系，应该合二为一。第三句有7 个分句，原样照译会造成相当大的困难，容 易失误，并且毫无必要，可以按照其内在逻 辑和表达需要分为三句来译。同时，在众多 同义词、近义词中选择恰当的词汇仍然是一 大考察重点，请注意琢磨下面评析要点。 o【概述】 o本文中有相当多的四字词组，比如“横行霸 道、打入冷宫、百花怒放、宾客云集、笑语 四溢、大千世界”，其中一部分带有鲜明的 中国文化特色，对它们的翻译构成了第一个 难点，
48、请参看翻译要点评析。另外，本文由 四句构成，可每一句都包含至少四个分层， 如何正确的组句构成了第二个难点，请注意 对比原文与参考译文，看连接方式。 o【参考译文】 oBefore I was taken ill, I had been a spoiled child of my parents, getting things my way in the family. Once isolated and confined to a small house on the slope of a garden, I suddenly found myself in disfavor and my w
49、ings clipped. One spring evening, with myriads of flowers in full bloom in the garden, my parents held a garden party in honor of many guests, whose arrival at once filled the place with laughing chats. In the small house on the slope, I quietly lifted the curtain, only to be met by a great and prosperous world with my elder brothers and sisters and my cousins among the guests, all in jubilation. All at once, seized by a fit of forlorn rage, I could not help bursting into tears. o【2