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1、BR,1.Fable,A Brief Introduction to Fable,Two Famous Fables,Some Famous English Sayings from Fables,2.Adam Smith and The Wealth of Nations,Adam Smith,The Wealth of Nations,3. U. C. L. A.,A Brief Introduction to U.C.L.A,Before Reading,BR（ A Brief 1）,A Brief Introduction to Fable,The term fable refers
2、to a short story in which animals or inanimate objects speak and behave like humans, usually to give a moral point. The term comes from the Latin fabula, “a telling.” The greatest teller of fables was Aesop. He was believed to be a Greek slave who lived in the 6th century B.C. Another great teller o
3、f fables was Jean de La Fontaine. He wrote in France in the 17th century. La Fontaine based many of his fables on those of Aesop.,BR（ A Brief 2）,Some of their best-known fables are The Lion and the Mouse, The Hare and the Tortoise, The Fox and the Grapes, The Shepherd Boy and the Wolf, The Fox and t
4、he Crow, The Dove and the Ant, and The Fox and the Stork. In the Chinese language, some idioms come from fables such as The Frog in the Shallow Well (井底之蛙) , His Spear against His Shield (自相矛盾),Making His Mark (刻舟求剑), Ostrich Logic (掩耳盗铃) and Blessing or Bane(塞翁失马).,A Brief Introduction to Fable,A B
5、rief Introduction to Fable,BR(A Brief 1.1),Aesop,(620?560? B.C.) ancient Greek writer of fables,A Brief Introduction to Fable,BR(A Brief 1.2),Jean de La Fontaine (16211695) French writer,BR（Two 1 ）,Two Famous Fables,Here are some pictures about two famous fables. One is an Aesops fable; the other is
6、 a Chinese one. In small groups, students are required to talk about the pictures and think of the following questions. 1.What are the names of the fables? 2.What lessons can we draw from the fables?,BR（Two 2 ）,The Fox and the Grapes,BR（Two 4 ）,One day a fox passed under a vine. From the vine a lot
7、of grapes were hanging. He was very hungry and thirsty. He said, “What a fine vine it is! The grapes on the vine look very nice and sweet.” The color of the grapes was green. The grapes were very big. And the grapes were so big and beautiful that the fox wanted to eat them. The fox said, “I am thirs
8、ty and hungry. I want to eat the grapes now.” The fox jumped. The grapes were too high. He tried everything to get the grapes. But it was in vain. At last the fox said, “The grapes are too sour to eat. I dont want to get the poor grapes.”,The Fox and the Grapes,BR（Two 5 ）,Making His Mark,BR（Two 6 ）,
9、A man from the state of Chu was crossing a river. In the boat, his sword fell into the water. Immediately he made a mark on the boat. “This is where my sword fell off,” he said. When the boat stopped moving, he went into the water to look for his sword at the place where he had marked the boat. The
10、boat had moved but the sword had not. Is this not a very foolish way to look for a sword?,Making His Mark,BR（ Some 1 ）,Some Famous English Sayings from Fables,Here are some famous sayings in English. You are required to answer the following questions and then tell each fables as briefly as possible.
11、 1.What are the Chinese equivalents of these sayings? 2.From which fable does each saying come?,Sour grapes.,Killing the goose that lays the golden eggs.,One good turn deserves another.,Dont count your chickens before theyre hatched.,Click the sayings to see the details!,BR（ Some 2 ）,Sour grapes.,It
12、 means “酸葡萄” in Chinese. This saying comes from the fable The Fox and the Grapes. In it the fox cannot reach the grapes. Disappointed, the animal says that the grapes are sour and that they are “not fit for a gentlemans eating.”,BR（ Some 3 ）,Killing the goose that lays the golden eggs.,It means “杀鸡取
13、蛋” in Chinese. This saying comes from the fable The Goose with the Golden Eggs. In it the owner of the goose is not satisfied with one golden egg a day. He cuts the goose open to see if there is gold inside.,BR（ Some 4 ）,One good turn deserves another.,It means “善有善报” in Chinese. This saying comes f
14、rom the fable The Dove and the Ant. In it a dove saves an ant from drowning in a river. Later the ant saves the doves life by stinging a hunter in the foot, making him miss his aim at the dove.,BR（ Some 5 ）,Dont count your chickens before theyre hatched.,It means “鸡蛋未孵出，先别数小鸡” in Chinese. This sayin
15、g comes from the fable The Maid and the Pail of Milk. In it a girl carries a pail of milk on her head. She dreams about the eggs she will buy when she sells,the milk. The eggs will hatch; then she will sell the chickens. With the money she has earned, she will buy fine clothes for herself. Thinking
16、about the new clothes, the girl becomes so happy that she merrily tosses her head and spills the milk.,BR（ AS ）,A Brief Introduction to Adam Smith,Chronology of Adam Smith,Adam Smith,BR（ Adam 1 ）,A Brief Introduction to Adam Smith,Adam Smith (17231790): British philosopher and economist,BR（ Adam 3 ）
17、,Adam Smith, economist and philosopher (哲学家), was born in Kirkcaldy, Scotland in 1723. At Glasgow University he became a professor of logic (逻辑学) (1751) and moral (道德) philosophy (17521763). As a tutor to the Duke of Buccleuch he traveled the Continent from 1764 to 1766. In 1776 he moved to Edinburg
18、h as commissioner (专员) of customs for Scotland. He died there in 1790. He is considered the father of modern economic theory. His famous work The Wealth of Nations points out that labor is the only source of a nations wealth.,BR（ Adam 4 ）,Chronology of Adam Smith,- 1723 Born in , Scotland. - 1737174
19、6 Educated at - 17481751 Gave lectures on rhetoric （修辞学） and belles- lettres (纯文学) in,Kirkcaldy,the Universities of Glasgow and Oxford.,Edinburgh.,BR（ Adam 5 ）,Chronology of Adam Smith,- 17521764 Appointed professor of moral philosophy at the University of Glasgow. - 1759 His first book, The Theory
20、of Moral Sentiments, was published. - 17641766 Traveled France and Switzerland as tutor to the Duke of Buccleuch and met Turgo and Necker in Paris and discussed their economic ideas.,BR（ Adam 6 ）,Chronology of Adam Smith,- 17661776 Lived in Kirkcaldy preparing The Wealth of Nations. - 1778 Appointed
21、 commissioner (专员) of customs and went to live in Edinburgh. - July 17, 1790 Died.,BR（ Adam 7 ）,The Wealth of Nations,This is an important work of economic and social theory by Adam Smith, published in 1776. Its full title was An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. In it he
22、analyzed the relationship between work and the production of a nations wealth. His conclusion was that the best economic situation results from encouraging free enterprise (an economic system in which there is open competition in business and trade, and no government control). This idea has had a gr
23、eat influence on economic theories since and it formed the basis of the economic policies of the Conservative government in Britain in the 1980s.,BR（ Adam 8 ）,Kirkcaldy,BR（ Adam 9 ）,Scotland,BR（ Adam 11 ）,University of Glasgow,Oxford University,BR（ Adam 12 ）,Edinburgh, Scotland,BR（ U. C. L. A.1 ）,U.
24、 C. L. A.,U.C.L.A. stands for University of California at Los Angeles. It is the largest of eight branches of the University of California. It was established in 1919 and now has about 35,000 students. Maybe because of its location close to Hollywood, the school is known especially for its film stud
25、ies and the campus is used,for some television and movie shoots.,BR（ U. C. L. A.2 ）,U. C. L. A.,BR（ U. C. L. A.3 ）,U. C. L. A.,BR（ U. C. L. A.4 ）,U. C. L. A.,GR,Global Reading,1.Part Division of the Text,2.Further Understanding,For Part 1,For Part 2,Interview,Questions and Answers,Rearrange the Orde
26、r of the Pictures,GR（Part）,Part Division of the Text,Teenagers idleness and ignorance will produce serious effects on all concerned and society as a whole.,132,3399,Kevin 1990 comes to realize in his dream how greatly lack of education costs his ancestors, himself, his children and the society they
27、live in, and how important it is to study hard.,GR（Part1-1）,Interview,Suppose you are a journalist and your partner is the author of the text. You have an interview with him. The interview should cover the following points:,GR（Part1-2）,Questions and Answers,1.Why did the author go to the drugstore o
28、ne day?,He wanted to buy some file folders.,2.How old was the salesgirl?,3.What was the salesgirls reaction to the authors mental arithmetic（心算）?,Under 20 years old.,She was very surprised at it.,GR（Part1-3）,4.Did the salesgirl believe that the author did calculations by magic? Why or why not?,Yes.
29、Maybe she believed it because she could never do that.,5.What was the author?,He was a teacher at a college.,Questions and Answers,GR（Part1-4）,7.In the authors opinion, what was the most serious problem for American teenagers?,They were indifferent about their ignorance.,6.What did the author think
30、of American teenagers?,He thought they are ignorant and lacking in knowledge of world history and geography.,Questions and Answers,GR（Part1-5）,8.Why did the author give us the example of his friends son?,9.According to the author, what would happen if there was an idle, ignorant labor force in a mod
31、ern industrial state?,He just intended to show the seriousness of the problem.,There would be many problems in the society such as plane crashes, computer jams and breakdowns of cars.,Questions and Answers,GR（Part1-6）,10.What was the authors purpose of offering a fable?,Questions and Answers,He just
32、 wanted to make American teenagers understand the danger of their ignorance and intellectual laziness.of cars.,GR（Part2-2）,Each of the following pictures stands for a Kevin Hanley in a certain year. Match the picture with the description and then tell the class how this Kevin lives. - Kevin 1835, a
33、poor peasant in Ireland - Kevin 1928, a steel-mill worker in Pittsburgh, U.S.A. - Kevin 1945, a soldier fighting the Japanese army - Kevin 1966, a student who studies all the time so as to get into college and law school - Kevin 1990, a cleaner in a Japanese-owned factory - Kevin 2020, a porter in a
34、 hotel for wealthy Europeans and Asians - Kevin 2050, living in a slum and searching through trash piles for food,Rearrange the Order of the Pictures,GR（Part2-3）,Rearrange the Order of the Pictures,( )Kevin1835 ( )Kevin1928 ( )Kevin 1945 ( )Kevin 1966 ( )Kevin 1990 ( )Kevin 2020 ( )Kevin 2050,A,B,C,
35、D,E,F,G,GR（Part2-4）,Rearrange the Order of the Pictures,1. Kevin 1835 2. Kevin 1928 3. Kevin 1945 4. Kevin 1966 5. Kevin 1990 6. Kevin 2020 7. Kevin 2050,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,DR Sp1,Fable of the Lazy Teenager,One day last fall, I ran out of file folders and went to the drugstore to buy more. I put a handfu
36、l of folders on the counter and asked a teenage salesgirl how much they cost. “I dont know,” she answered.“But its 12 cents each.” I counted the folders. “Twenty-three at 12 cents each,“You did that in your head?” she asked in amazement.,“How can you do that?”,that makes $2.76 before tax ,” I said.,
37、Sp1-1,Fable of the Lazy Teenager,One day last fall, I ran out of file folders and went to the drugstore to buy more. I put a handful of folders on the counter and asked a teenage salesgirl how much they cost. “I dont know,” she answered.“But its 12 cents each.” I counted the folders. “Twenty-three a
38、t 12 cents each,“You did that in your head?” she asked in amazement.,“How can you do that?”,that makes $2.76 before tax ,” I said.,1. What does the word “that” refer to?,2. What can we infer from this sentence?,It refers to “the authors doing mental arithmetic.”,The children like the girl in the tex
39、t are very poor at calculations and they can never do mental arithmetic at all.,Sp2,No modestly educated adult can fail to be,But this is just a tiny slice of the problem.,“Its magic,” I said. “Really?” she asked.,are so ignorant - and so ignorant of their ignorance - that they frighten me. In a cla
40、ss of 60 seniors at a private college where I recently taught, not one student could write a short paper without misspellings. Not one.,While our,children seem better-natured than ever, they,perform even the simplest calculations is only a memory among many students I see, and their knowledge of wor
41、ld history or geography is nonexistent.,upset by such an experience.,The ability to,Sp2-1,No modestly educated adult can fail to be,But this is just a tiny slice of the problem.,“Its magic,” I said. “Really?” she asked.,are so ignorant - and so ignorant of their ignorance - that they frighten me. In
42、 a class of 60 seniors at a private college where I recently taught, not one student could write a short paper without misspellings. Not one.,While our,children seem better-natured than ever, they,perform even the simplest calculations is only a memory among many students I see, and their knowledge
43、of world history or geography is nonexistent.,upset by such an experience.,The ability to,1. What is the meaning of the phrase “such an experience”?,2. Paraphrase the sentence.,The phrase “such an experience” means “the salesgirls ignorance.”,Any adult who has got average education will feel worried
44、 and unhappy about the ignorance the girl shows.,Sp2-2,No modestly educated adult can fail to be,But this is just a tiny slice of the problem.,“Its magic,” I said. “Really?” she asked.,are so ignorant - and so ignorant of their ignorance - that they frighten me. In a class of 60 seniors at a private
45、 college where I recently taught, not one student could write a short paper without misspellings. Not one.,While our,children seem better-natured than ever, they,perform even the simplest calculations is only a memory among many students I see, and their knowledge of world history or geography is no
46、nexistent.,upset by such an experience.,The ability to,Translate the sentence into Chinese.,在我所见过的许多学生中，他们再也没有那种过去学生都有的，哪怕是最简单的计算的能力，并且他们对世界历史和地理也都一无所知。,Sp3(error),Moreover, there is a chilling indifference about all this ignorance. The attitude was summed up by a friends bright, lazy 16-year-old so
47、n, who explained why he preferred not to go to U.C.L.A. “I dont want to have to compete with Asians,” he said. “They work hard and,know everything.”,In fact, this young man will have to compete with Asians whether he wants to or not. He cannot live forever on the financial, material and human capita
48、l accumulated by his ancestors. At some point soon, his intellectual laziness will seriously affect his way of life. It will also affect the rest of us. A modern industrial state cannot function with an idle, ignorant labor force. Planes will,crash. Computers will jam. Cars will break down.,At some
49、point soon, his intellectual,laziness will seriously affect his way of life.,Sp3-1,Moreover, there is a chilling indifference about all this ignorance. The attitude was summed up by a friends bright, lazy 16-year-old son, who explained why he preferred not to go to U.C.L.A. “I dont want to have to compete with Asians,” he said. “They work hard and,know everything.”,In fact, this young man will have to compete with Asians whether he wants to or not. He canno