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1、研 究 生 硕 士 学 位 论 文 A Systematic Study on C-E Translation of Cultural Relic Texts in Museums Taking Henan Museum as an Example 中国博物馆文本英译系统研究以河南博物院为例 A Systematic Study on C-E Translation of Cultural Relic Texts in Museums Taking Henan Museum as an Example 中国博物馆文本英译系统研究以河南博物院为例 ii Acknowledgements My s
2、incere gratitude first goes to my supervisor, Professor Guo Shangxing, for his encouragement and guidance in my graduate study. With his deep thought, broad mind and serious attitude, he shows me how to be a qualified teacher and scholar. This is of great significance not only to my study, but also
3、to my work and life in the future. Furthermore, his suggestions and revision have proved extremely inspiring and valuable in the writing of this thesis. Without his help, this thesis would not be what it is today. My particular thanks go to Miss Qin Feng. In the three years, she takes care of both o
4、ur study and our life. She is so kind, and always ready to help us. Actually, she is not only our teacher, but our most intimate friend. I also feel indebted to many other respectable teachers of the Foreign Languages College, Henan University, from their excellent teaching and great personality I h
5、ave benefited a lot. I am particularly grateful to all my friends and classmates who helped me during the past three years, especially Li Xiangling, who offered me valuable advice, great help and encouragement. Finally, with this thesis I extend my gratitude to my family who care and support me all
6、the time, especially my husband who sacrifices his own career to take care of our son alone in the three years. Without them, I cannot make it. i Abstract Museum, as a treasure house of historical culture, has been undertaking the responsibility of remembering history and communicating culture since
7、 its foundation in 1682. With the collection, preservation and study of cultural relics, museum plays an important role in bridging history and culture, and offers a solid material foundation for the scientific study of history and historical culture. Both developed and developing countries througho
8、ut the world consider museum as an indispensable platform for the exhibition and appreciation of cultural and art treasures handed down through a long period of human history. Since Chinese culture is long in history, various in form and rich in content, Chinese museum is even more important. With t
9、he globalization of the world and the success of 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, “Chinese elements” greatly attract people from all over the world. Under such circumstances, the translation of cultural relic texts plays an increasingly important role in introducing and publicizing Chinese culture to
10、foreign visitors and to the outside world. In order to spread “Chinese elements” throughout the world, many museums provide equivalent English texts. Some books concerning cultural relics have also been published. Among them, China Museums: Treasure Houses of History published in 2002 and Museums in
11、 Beijing published in January, 2008 by Foreign Languages Press together with Chinas Museums published by China Intercontinental Press in 2004 are the most well-known. All the materials have played an essential role in introducing Chinese traditional and national culture and carrying forward the bril
12、liance of the cultural heritage to people throughout the world. But due to a lack of theoretical direction, there are still many problems and mistakes in the translation of cultural relic texts in museums, and the study on the translation of cultural relic texts has not yet got enough attention up t
13、o now. In 1991, the first article by Mu Shanpei appeared on Shanghai Science and Technology Translators Journal discussing the problem of faithfulness and smoothness of C-E translation of ii cultural relics. Ten years later, in 2001, the second paper dealing with the cultural information in the name
14、s of cultural relics appeared on Chinese Science and Technology Translators Journal. In the following several years, several articles were published, yet the topics were restricted to the “expressiveness” and “faithfulness” of the translation of names of cultural relics. In 2006, a postgraduate in G
15、uangdong University of Foreign Studies(广东外语外贸大学) wrote her thesis titled A Cultural Study of Domestication and Foreignization in Translation of Relic Texts in Museums and offered a more detailed discussion. But she was only exploring the translation methods of foreignization and domestication from t
16、he cultural perspective, and gave no particular explanation to the translation of cultural relic texts in Chinese museums. In fact, up to now, no one has ever done any systematic study on the translation of cultural relic texts in museums from the perspective of intercultural communication. This pap
17、er, which uses the theory of intercultural communication, cultural convergence theory in particular, as its theoretical basis, will meet the needs of the time to conduct a systematic study of the translation of cultural relic texts in museums by way of case study, contrast and comparison, as well as
18、 induction. The author intends to build a simple model of the translating process of cultural relic texts in museums with reference to the modes of intercultural encounter and communication and the convergence model of communication. Moreover, on the basis of the analysis of the English texts, the n
19、ature and methods of the translation of cultural relic texts in museums will be investigated, and a number of principles and criteria will be presented. Most importantly, the process of the translation of cultural relic texts in museums will be clarified. If all the goals are reached, this paper wil
20、l be of some importance to improve the quality of the translation of cultural relic texts in museums, to promote effective intercultural communication, and to propose a new perspective to the study of translation. This paper consists of six chapters altogether: a general introduction, four main- bod
21、y parts and a conclusion. iii Chapter One is the introduction of the paper. In this chapter, the author briefly introduces the rationale, the significance and the goal of the study on translation of cultural relic texts in museums. The study method and the organization of the paper will also be ment
22、ioned in this part. Chapter Two starts with the history and the current situation of the study on the translation of cultural relic texts in museums. From the literature review, it is quite obvious that the study on this subject is still inadequate. So, for the convenience of further discussion, the
23、 author starts the study with the clarification of several important concepts related (culture, communication and intercultural communication) and a brief introduction of cultural relics and cultural relic texts in museums. The author has a strong belief that only with a thorough understanding of th
24、e cultural relic texts, translators can render them better. Chapter Three summarizes the cultural convergence theory and the modes of cultural encounter and communication, the convergence model of communication in particular. “Convergence” implies that two or more things are moving towards one point
25、, towards one another, or towards uniformity. During the process of communication, information is shared by two or more participants who converge over time towards a greater degree of mutual understanding. This will be manifested in the convergence model of communication. As for the modes of intercu
26、ltural encounter and communication, dialogical mode is preferred among the four modes considering the relationship of different cultures nowadays. Chapter Four applies the cultural convergence theory to the translation of cultural relic texts in museums. A model of translating process is set up to e
27、xplain the process of the translation of this particular field. With the reference to the model and the analysis of the English texts in Henan Museum, the merits and demerits of the translation are made clear. On this basis, the methods of the translation of cultural relic texts are induced. Chapter
28、 Five offers a general investigation of the process, the nature, the principles iv and criteria of the translation of cultural relic texts on the basis of the above discussion. Chapter Six concludes the main standpoints of the paper. The translation of cultural relic texts in museums is a part of cu
29、lture and should be rendered from the perspective of intercultural communication. In order to reach a mutual understanding between China and foreign countries and gain a worldwide acceptance, the translation of cultural relic texts in museums should be rendered in the light of cultural convergence t
30、heory. Key words: intercultural communication, cultural convergence, cultural relic texts, translation model v 摘 要 博物馆，是宁谧而神圣的殿堂，是人类历史文化的宝库，自 1682 年诞生以 来就一直承担着传承文化、记忆历史的重任。它收藏文物，并对其加以保护和研 究，进而发挥其沟通历史文化的桥梁作用，为科学地研究历史和历史文化提供了 可靠的物质基础。从世界范围来看，无论是发达国家，还是发展中国家，都把博 物馆看成民族文化对内继承对外传播不可或缺的工具和平台。而中国博物馆，更 因中国文
31、化历史悠久、形式多样、内容丰富而尤为重要。 伴随着全球化的进一步发展，再加上 2008 年北京奥运会举世震惊的“后奥 运效应” ， “中国元素”对世界各国都产生了极大的吸引力。在这种背景之下，为 了更好地向世界介绍中国的传统文化，让世界更好地了解中国，中国博物馆文本 英译似乎成了必不可少的历史需求，在跨文化传播中发挥着愈来愈重要的作用。 为满足这一需求，国内很多博物馆都对展品使用英汉两种文本加以介绍，一些英 文版的博物馆相关书籍也得以出版发行。其中外文出版社 2002 年出版的中国 博物馆巡览 （英文版）和 2008 年出版的京城博物馆 （英文版） ，以及五洲传 播出版社 2004 年出版的中
32、国博物馆 （英文版） ，都对中国博物馆文本英译和 中国传统文化在世界范围内的传播做出了重要的贡献。 然而，由于缺乏理论指导和相关部门的足够重视，中国博物馆文本英译依然 问题重重，错误百出。相关研究更是屈指可数。1991 年穆善培在上海科技翻译 上首次发表相关论文探讨文物翻译的“信”和“顺”的问题。十年之后， 中国 科技翻译在 2001 年第 14 卷第 4 期上刊登了试论文物名称英译文化信息的处 理 ，对文物名称中蕴含的文化信息加以研究。随后几年间也偶尔有一两篇论文 见诸期刊，但也仅仅涉及文物名词和文物翻译的“达”与“信”的问题。2006 年 广东外语外贸大学的一名硕士研究生在其学位论文中第一
33、次相对深入地对文物翻 译进行研究，但她也只是从文化角度探索文物翻译的归化与异化译法，并没有针 对中国博物馆文本进行特殊的说明。实事求是地说，中国博物馆文本英译系统研 究至今为止仍是一片空白，这与其重要的地位是极不相称的。 本文意欲从跨文化传播的角度，以文化的辐合会聚理论为理论基础，运用实 vi 证研究、对比分析和归纳总结的研究方法，以河南博物院为例，对博物馆文本英 译进行系统的研究，探索其翻译的意义、目的、方法、性质、原则和标准；并以 文化传播模式和文化的辐合会聚模式为原型，构建博物馆文本英译的翻译模式。 一方面，本文抛砖引玉，意在引起权威学者的关注，对中国博物馆文本英译 进行更为深入和完善的
34、研究；另一方面，本文也具有一定的理论和实践价值。理 论上，它将为翻译研究增加新的维度，拓宽研究思路，为翻译学科建设增砖添瓦； 实践上，它将为提高中国博物馆文本英译的质量，促进有效的跨文化交流与传播 贡献绵薄之力： 第一，在进行系统研究的基础之上，本文将尝试构建一个能够普遍应用于中 国博物馆文本英译的翻译模式，在丰富翻译研究的同时，也能够帮助规范中国博 物馆文本英译。 第二，本文将对河南博物院的英文文本进行详尽的分析和研究，指出存在的 问题与不足并对其加以完善，然后将其反馈给河南博物院，这必将为其提供更好 的英文文本提供一定的帮助。自 2009 年 2 月 23 日，河南博物院已经开始闭馆整 修
35、，旨在提高其整体水平。在其关闭之前，本文作者已经采集了河南博物院的典 型英文文本，论文完成之后，就能将成果提供给河南博物院供其参考利用。 论文共分六章，由绪论、四章正文及结语组成。 第一章绪论部分简要介绍了博物馆文本翻译研究的动机、意义及目标。并简 要说明了研究方法及论文的结构。 第二章首先介绍了该课题研究的历史与现状。根据现有文献资料，可以清楚 地看出博物馆文本翻译方面的研究尚非常缺乏。因此，为了便于深入探讨，论文 首先对几个重要的概念（文化、交流和跨文化传播）加以说明，并对博物馆文物 和博物馆文本进行了较为系统的研究。作者认为，只有透彻理解了博物馆文本， 才能够更好地翻译它们。 第三章首先
36、总结了文化辐合会聚理论的精髓及跨文化接触和跨文化传播的模 式，并对文化传播的辐合会聚模式详加说明。 “辐合会聚”意味着两个及两个以 上的事物朝着一个共同点、朝着对方或者朝着统一靠拢。在交流的过程中，交际 双方共享信息，并逐渐达到更大程度的互相理解。这一点可以在传播的辐合会聚 vii 模式中得到展示。至于跨文化接触和跨文化传播的模式，考虑到文化交际双方的 关系，目前，对话模式是四种模式里面最为理想、最受青睐的一种。 第四章将文化的辐合会聚理论应用于博物馆文本翻译。并尝试构建了一个翻 译模式来解读这一特殊领域的翻译过程。参照这一翻译模式，结合对河南博物院 英文文本的分析，中国博物馆文本英译的优缺点
37、都得到了详细地介绍。在此基础 之上，论文又归纳了博物馆文本英译的方法。 第五章，在以上几章的基础上，对博物馆文本翻译的性质，过程，原则和标 准进行了初步的探索。 第六章总结了论文的主要观点。博物馆文本翻译是文化的重要组成部分，应 该从跨文化传播的角度加以研究。为了达到中国和其他国家的互相理解，为中国 赢得全世界的认可，博物馆文本翻译应该参照文化辐合会聚理论进行。 关键词：文化辐合会聚、博物馆文本、翻译模式、翻译性质、翻译原则、翻译标 准 viii Contents Acknowledgements Abstract (English)i Abstract (Chinese).v Chapter
38、 One Introduction.1 1.1 The rationale of the study on translation of cultural relic texts.1 1.2 The significance of the study on translation of cultural relic texts2 1.3 The goal of the study on translation of cultural relic texts2 1.4 Research method and structure of the paper.3 Chapter Two Literat
39、ure review and some important concepts.4 2.1 Literature review4 2.1.1 The intercultural turn of translation4 2.1.2 The study of translation of cultural relic texts in museums4 2.2 Some important concepts related.6 2.2.1 Culture6 2.2.2 Communication8 2.2.3 Intercultural communication.9 2.3 Cultural r
40、elic texts in museums.10 2.3.1 Functions of museums10 2.3.1.1 A brief introduction of museums.10 2.3.1.2 Cultural relics in museums10 2.3.1.2.1 Cultural information of cultural relics11 2.3.1.2.1.1 Surface-level cultural information11 2.3.1.2.1.2 Middle-level cultural information.12 2.3.1.2.1.3 Deep
41、 cultural information.12 2.3.1.2.2 Values of cultural relics12 2.3.1.2.3 Cultural functions of museums.13 ix 2.3.2 Cultural relic texts14 Chapter Three Theoretical framework15 3.1 Cultural convergence theory15 3.1.1 The principle of convergence.15 3.1.2 The convergence model of communication15 3.1.3
42、 Cultural convergence theory.17 3.2 Modes of intercultural encounter and communication18 3.2.1 Ethnocentric mode19 3.2.2 Control mode19 3.2.3 Dialectical mode.19 3.2.4 Dialogical mode.20 3.3 The double-swing model of communication.22 Chapter Four Study of translation of cultural relic texts in museu
43、ms24 4.1 Application of Cultural convergence theory to the translation of cultural relics24 4.1.1 Cultural convergence theory and intercultural translation24 4.1.2 Translation of cultural relic texts from the perspective of cultural convergence theory.24 4.2 Translation model of cultural relic texts
44、 from the perspective of intercultural communication.25 4.3 Analysis of translation of cultural relic texts in Henan Museum28 4.3.1 Good samples of the translation of cultural relic texts from the intercultural perspective29 4.3.2 Translation failures in the translation of cultural relic texts in He
45、nan Museum from the intercultural perspective.30 4.3.2.1 Linguistic mistakes.30 4.3.2.2 Deletion of important information32 4.3.2.3 Deficiency of information.34 4.3.2.4 Lack of unity.35 x 4.4 Methods of the translation of cultural relic texts in museums36 4.4.1 Transliterating.36 4.4.2 Literal trans
46、lation39 4.4.3 Explanation.41 Chapter Five Translation of cultural relic texts in museums: its process, nature, principles and criteria43 5.1 The process of the translation of cultural relic texts43 5.1.1 Preliminary factors to be considered43 5.1.1.1 The nature of cultural relic texts43 5.1.1.2 The suitable translator of cultural relic texts.44 5.1.1.3 The audience of translation of cultural relic texts.45 5.1.1.4 The purpose of