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1、Introduction to,Qin Jie,Focus,Territorial expansion of USA Historical events contributing to formation of USA,A review of the 50 states,Layout highlights,States of USA,Forming of US (1776),The nation was founded by thirteen colonies of Great Britain located along the Atlantic seaboard. On July 4, 17
2、76, they issued the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed their independence from Great Britain. The rebellious states defeated Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War, the first successful colonial war of independence.,Forming of US (1787),A federal convention adopted the current Un
3、ited States Constitution on September 17, 1787; its ratification made the states part of a single republic with a strong central government. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments, was ratified in 1791. In 1812 it fought the 2nd war of Independence.,Forming of US (19th century)
4、,In the 19th century, the United States acquired land from France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii.,Forming of US (1860s),Disputes between the agrarian South and industrial North over states rights and the expansion of the i
5、nstitution of slavery provoked the American Civil War of the 1860s. The Norths victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led to the end of legal slavery in the United States. By the 1870s, the national economy was the worlds largest.,Forming of US (20th century),The SpanishAmerican War
6、and World War I confirmed the countrys status as a military power. In 1945, the United States emerged from World War II as the first country with nuclear weapons, a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, and a founding member of NATO.,Forming of US,The end of the Cold War left the
7、United States as the sole superpower. The country accounts for approximately 50% of global military spending and is a leading economic, political, and cultural force in the world.,Highlights of territorial expansion,Louisiana purchase Adams-Ons Treaty (Florida) Oregon Country MexicanAmerican War Ala
8、ska purchase Spanish-American War Republic of Hawaii,Louisiana Purchase,The acquisition by the US of 2,147,000 km2 of the French territory in 1803. Including portions of 15 current U.S. states and 2 Canadian Provinces. Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, parts of Minnesota that wer
9、e south of the Mississippi River, most of North Dakota, nearly all of South Dakota, northeastern New Mexico, northern Texas, the portions of Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado east of the Continental Divide, and Louisiana west of the Mississippi River, including the city of New Orleans.,The purchase was
10、 a pivotal moment in the presidency of Thomas Jefferson.,Adams-Ons Treaty,The Adams-Ons Treaty of 1819 settled a border dispute in North America between the United States and Spain. In addition to granting Florida to the United States, the treaty settled a boundary dispute along the Sabine River in
11、Texas and firmly established the boundary of U.S. territory and claims through the Rocky Mountains and west to the Pacific Ocean.,Oregon Country,Oregon Country or Oregon (to be distinguished from the American State also called Oregon) was a predominantly American term referring to a region of the Pa
12、cific Northwest of North America. The region was occupied by British and French Canadian fur traders from before 1810, and American settlers from the mid-1830s. The Oregon Treaty of 1846 established the British-American boundary.,MexicanAmerican War,The MexicanAmerican War was a conflict between the
13、 United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848 in the wake of the 1845 U.S. annexation of Texas. Mexico claimed ownership of Texas and refused to recognize the secession. The consequence of the war was the Mexican Cession, in which the Mexican territories of Alta California and Santa F de Nuevo Mxico w
14、ere ceded to the United States under the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.,Republic of Texas,The Republic of Texas was a sovereign nation in North America between the United States and Mexico that existed from 1836 to 1846. Formed as a break-away republic from Mexico by the Texas Revolution,
15、 the nation claimed borders that encompassed an area that included all of the present U.S. state of Texas, as well as parts of present-day New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, and Wyoming based upon the Treaties of Velasco between the newly created Texas republic and Mexico.,On March 3, 1837, US
16、officially recognized Texas as an independent republic. In 1845, the U.S. Congress passed a bill to annex the Republic of Texas.,Land from Mexico,Alaska purchase,The Alaska Purchase by the United States from the Russian Empire occurred in 1867 at the behest of Secretary of State William Seward. The
17、territory purchased was 1,518,800 km of the modern state of Alaska. Russia was in a difficult financial position and feared losing the Alaskan territory without compensation in some future conflict, especially to the British. Therefore Emperor Alexander II decided to sell the territory to the US.,Sp
18、anish-American War,The SpanishAmerican War was an armed military conflict between Spain and the United States that took place between April and August 1898, over the issues of the liberation of Cuba. The war began after American demand for the resolution of the Cuban fight for independence was rejec
19、ted by Spain. Strong expansionist sentiment in the United States motivated the government to develop a plan for annexation of Spains remaining overseas territories including Cuba, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.,Spanish-American War,The revolution in Havana prompted the United States to send
20、 in the warship to indicate high national interest. The war ended after victories for the United States in the Philippine Islands, and Cuba. On December 1898, the signing of the Treaty of Paris gave the United States control of Cuba, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.,Republic of Hawaii,The Rep
21、ublic of Hawaii was the formal name of the government that controlled Hawaii from 1894 to 1898 when it was run as a republic. The republic was annexed to the United States and became the Territory of Hawaii on July 7, 1898.,Expansion of Territory,Besides the original 13 states, the area of the Missi
22、ssippi River became part of America in the Treaty of Paris btw Britain and the U.S. in 1783. In 1803, the U.S. took advantage of the European War and purchased Louisiana from Napoleon I, doubling its territory. In 1819, the Spanish colony of Florida became part of the countrys territory. In 1945, Te
23、xas, belonging to Mexico, was annexed by the U.S.,Expansion of Territory,In 1946 U.S.- Mexico War a vast area of Mexicos territory was turned to the U.S. In 1867, America purchased the present state of Alaska from Russia, which became the largest state in U.S. In 1889, the Hawaiian Islands fell into the U.S. control and became the fiftieth state of the U.S. in 1959.,Homework,Make a survey on the presidents of the US who have contributed directly to its territory expansion.,