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1、The Attributive Clause,定语从句 富源六中宁益庆,1.定义：,2.先行词：,3.关系代词、关系副词：,在复合句中用来用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。,被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词（antecedent）。,引导定语从句的词,关系代词：,关系副词：,Who, whom, whose, which, that等,When, where, why等,关系代词和关系副词的作用：,1、引导作用 2、替代作用 3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用,Eg: 1.Those who want to go please sign your names here. 2.This i
2、s the house where he was born. 3. Bill, who was here yesterday, asked me a lot of questions.,关系代词的用法,人；物,物,人,人,人、物,主语；宾语,主语；宾语,主语；宾语,宾语,定语,作宾语可省,作宾语可省,作宾语可省,可省,不可省,关系副词的用法,时间,状语,否,地点,状语,否,原因,状语,否,判断下列引导词在句中的用法,Eg:1.He is such a man who never tells a lie. 2. He is the model worker whom/who we should
3、learn from. 3. A dictionary is a book which often helps us to know the meanings of the words. 4. This is the film which I like best. 5. The boy whose father is a professor is one of my best friends.,指代、所作成分、是否可省略,6. The house whose roof was blown away by the storm will be rebuilt soon. 7. It was 11
4、oclock when the accident happened last night. 8. This is the village where I was brought up.,关系代词which和that的区别：,A.关系代词必须用that的情形：,This is the best film that I have ever seen. The first man arrived at the class was our headteacher. This is the only ticket that I got yesterday. This is the very book t
5、hat Im looking for. Is there anything that I can do for you? All that you have to do is to press the button. There is no time that we can waste. The car and its driver that knocked down the old lady have been taken to the police station.,Summarize: 只能用that引导定语从句的几种情况,1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。,2）先行词被the
6、only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。,3)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等.,4）先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。,5）先行词既有人又有物时。,B.指物时，作介词的宾语，关系代词只能用which,This is the question about which weve had so much discussion.,Practice:,1.They asked him to tell them everything _ he
7、 saw at the front. A. what B. that C. which D. where 2.In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. (1992) A.that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 3. I dont like _ you speak to her. (1993上海) A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which,B,D,A,Correct the
8、following sentences:,1.This is the best film which I have seen. 2.Thats all which want to say.,This is the best film that I have seen.,Thats all that I want to say.,3.Is there anything which you want in this shop? 4.He talked about some writers and books which/who were unknown to us all. 5.The room
9、in that she lives is a large one.,Is there anything that you want in this shop?,He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.,The room in which she lives is a large one.,关系副词when, where, why的用法,1.Do you still remember the day whenwe went to visit the museum together?,Do you sti
10、ll remember the day on whichwe went to visit the museum together?,2.This is the factory wheremy father once worked.,This is the factory in whichmy father once worked.,3.This is the reason whyhe was late.,This is the reason for which he was late.,Summarize:,在定语从句中关系副词都等于一个适当的介词加上which，在从句中作状语,When=in
11、/at/on/+which; Where=in/at/on/+which; Why=for /+which,as 引导的非限制性定语从句 (1),This is the same pen as I lost. This is the same pen that I lost.,Please compare:,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,as 引导的非限制性定语从句,The earth is round._ is known to all. The earth is round,_ is known to all. _ is known to all, the eart
12、h is round _ is known to all that the earth is round.,It,which / as,As,It,as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如： as you know/ as you see/as we planned/ as we expected,定语从句在句首时只能用as,as 引导的限制性定语从句 (2),This is such an interesting book _ we all like. This is so interesting a book _ we all like. This is such an inte
13、resting book _we all like it. This is so interesting a book _we all like it.,as,that,Please complete the following sentences and compare:,as,that,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句),这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句),介词+关系代词的情况 1,The man whom you spoke was a scientist. The city which she lives is far away.,to,in,介词+关系代词的情况
14、 2,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词+关系代词的情况 3,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后,介词+关系代词的情况 4,Is
15、 this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better .,在固定短语中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,1. Do you like the book she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book she paid $10? 3. Do you like the book she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book she often talks? 5. He built a telescop
16、e he could study the skies.,介词+关系代词的情况 练习,on which,for which,from which,about which,through which,6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher. 7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow River. 8. The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill. 9. The man _ I spo
17、ke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling. 10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.,under which,of which,from which,to whom,of which,1.当先行词是不定代词时,如: All ,few, little, much, every, something, anything, everything, 等,只能用that 做关系代词的情况,2.
18、当先行词被the only, the very, the same, little, few, no, any等修饰时,3.当人和物合做先行词时,4.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,5.在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中,Practice:,1.- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. (1999) - Is that the reason_ you had a few days off? A.why B. when C. what D. where 2.Im going to visit the school _ my
19、 mother taught physics ten years ago. A.where B. that C. which D. what 3.Do you still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing? A. which B. that C. when D. where,A,A,C,关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分 同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which； 同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when， 有时使用that/which 主要看： 从句意思是否完整；完整的话需用关系副词
20、，若意思不完整则需加关系代词充当某个成分。 请比较以下句子： This is the park that we visited last year.(从句意思不完整需要加宾语) This is the park where we held a birthday party.（从句完整，只需加上特定的关系副词） Thats the date that she wont forget for ever. Thats the date when we went to the college. I like the time that we had together. I like the time
21、when we lived together.,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,定义： 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的修饰成分，否则主句的意思不完整或不成立。非限制性定语从句只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，去掉之后主句的意思照样完整。,Compare the following sentences:,A man who does not try to learn from others cant achieve much. Therere many plays (that) Id like to see. This note was left by Xiao Wu, who was just here.,