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1、应用型大学英语综合教程,上海交通大学出版社,应用型大学英语系列教材,Book 4,2,上海交通大学出版社,Language in Use,Enhancement of Language Abilities,Unit Six,Table of Contents,Language Skills Development,3,上海交通大学出版社,Focus1 content,Starter,Text: A horseman in the sky,Working with words and phrases,Discussion,Practice: interpreting,Practice: tran
2、slation,Practice: writing,Surfing the Internet,Highlights,Table of Contents,Part 1 Language Skills Development,4,上海交通大学出版社,focus1highlights,Highlights S: A song: my own true love L: A letter to a mother R: A horseman in the sky W: Patterns of organization (4): cause and effect: chain organization In
3、ternet work: Summarizing a story found online,Part 1 Language Skills Development,5,上海交通大学出版社,1. Starter,focus1starter,A. Read the lyrics of a song. Listen to the tape or CD and sing along.,6,B. Listen to a letter (simplified) written to a mother and answer the following questions.,focus1starter,上海交通
4、大学出版社,1. Starter,Mind Map heroically / ad. 英勇无畏地 cannot but禁不住，不得不 consolation / n. 安慰，慰藉 cherish / vt. 珍爱，爱护 sacrifice / n. 牺牲,7,1. Who was the receiver of the letter? What happened to her, according to the letter? 2. Who wrote the letter? And what do you know about him? 3. What was the purpose of
5、the letter?,focus1starter,上海交通大学出版社,1. Starter,The receiver was a mother of five sons who lost their lives on the battlefield.,Abraham Lincoln wrote the letter. He was the sixteenth American president, one of the greatest leaders in American history.,The purpose of the letter was to console the moth
6、er for her loss of her five sons on the battlefield and to thank her for her great sacrifice for the unity and freedom of the country.,8,focus1starter,上海交通大学出版社,1. Starter,Dear Madam: I have just learned from a report by the War Department that you are the mother of five sons who have died heroicall
7、y on the battlefield. I feel that whatever I say or do can hardly make you feel less painful for suffering such a great loss. But I cannot but attempt to give you my deepest sympathy and consolation that may be found in the thanks of the Republic they died to save. I pray that God may relieve your a
8、nguish and leave you only the cherished memory of the loved and lost, and the great pride that must be yours to have made so costly a sacrifice for the unity and freedom of our country. Yours very sincerely and respectfully, Abraham Lincoln,9,focus1text,上海交通大学出版社,Text Organization,10,focus1text,上海交通
9、大学出版社,Text Organization,11,focus1text,上海交通大学出版社,Text Organization,12,focus1text,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,1 Carter Druse was born in Virginia. He loved his parents, his home, and the South. But he loved his country, too. One morning in the autumn of 1861, when the country was ravaged by a terri
10、ble civil war, the young Virginian said, quietly but gravely, “Father, a Union regiment has arrived. I am going to join it.”,Translation,空中骑兵 1 卡特德鲁兹出生在弗吉尼亚州。他热爱自己的父母、自己的家乡以及南方这片土地。但他同样也深爱着自己的祖国。1861年秋季的一个早晨,也正是国家倍受内战煎熬之时，这位年轻的弗吉尼亚人平静而严肃地说：“父亲，来了一个联邦军团，我要去参加他们的军队。”,上海交通大学出版社,Union: It refers to the
11、Northern states of the US during the American Civil War. Note the capitalized initial of the word. When union is used as a common noun, it can refer to an organization formed by workers to protect their rights, or a group of states or countries under the control of one government.,13,focus1text,2. T
12、ext: A Horseman in the Sky,2 The old man looked at his only son for a moment, too shocked to speak. Then he said, “As of this moment you are a traitor to the South. Please dont tell your mother about your decision. She is sick, and we both know she has only a few weeks to live.”,Translation,2 老人看着他唯
13、一的儿子，一时震惊得说不出话来。过了一会，他说：“从现在起你就背叛南方了。请不要把你的决定告诉你母亲，她正病着，而且我们都知道她活不了几个星期了。”,上海交通大学出版社,Questions about Paras. 1-2,as of: 自起 e.g. As of 6th April 1999, all gifts to charities will be free of tax.,Meaning: From now on you turn yourself into an enemy of the South. Please dont mention this to (keep it a s
14、ecret from) your mother. She is so sick that her days are numbered.,14,focus1text,1. Where was Carter Druses home?,It was in Virginia.,上海交通大学出版社,2. What army was Carter Druse going to join?,He was going to join the Union Army.,3. Why did Carters father say to his son that “you are a traitor to the S
15、outh”?,Because their home, Virginia, was a Southern state, and the Union was its enemy.,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,15,focus1text,3 Carters father paused, again looking deep into his sons eyes. “Carter,” he said, “no matter what happens be sure you always do what you think is your duty.” 4 Both C
16、arter Druse and his father left the table that morning with a broken heart. And Carter soon left his home, and everyone he loved, to wear the blue uniform of the Union soldier.,Translation,3 卡特的父亲顿了顿，再次深深注视着儿子的眼睛。“卡特，”他说，“无论发生什么事，一定要完成你心目中应尽的职责。” 4 那天早上卡特德鲁兹和父亲离开餐桌时都很伤心。不久，卡特离开了家，离开了所有他爱的人，穿上了联邦军士兵的
17、蓝色制服。,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,16,focus1text,5 One sunny afternoon, a few weeks later, Carter Druse lay at full length upon his stomach, his feet resting upon his toes, his head upon his left forearm. His extended right hand loosely grasped his rifle. He was sleeping while on duty. I
18、f detected he would be dead shortly afterward, death being the just and legal penalty of his crime. Fortunately, no one could see him. He was hidden by some bushes, growing by the side of the road.,Translation,5 几周后一个阳光明媚的下午，卡特德鲁兹直挺挺地俯卧着，脚尖顶地，头枕着左前臂，摊开的右手松散地握着来复枪他在放哨时睡着了，一旦被发现，他会即刻丢掉性命，而死亡是对他的罪行公正合法
19、的惩罚。幸运的是，没有人看到他，因为他被路边的灌木丛遮住了。,上海交通大学出版社,Question about Para. 5,at full length：全身伸展地；详尽地 e.g. He is so tall that he cant lie at full length in my bed. I think we have discussed the problem at full length.,lie upon / on ones stomach: 俯卧 e.g. Emma was lying upon her stomach on the beach in the sunshin
20、e. cf. lie on ones back / side,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,17,focus1text,4. What would happen if Carter was found sleeping at his post?,If he was found sleeping at his post, he would be killed at once as punishment for his crime.,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,18,focus1text,6 The road C
21、arter Druse had been sent to guard was only a few miles from his fathers house. 7 It began in a forest, down in the valley, and climbed up the side of a huge rock. Anyone standing on the top of this high rock would be able to see down into the valley. And that person would feel very dizzy, looking d
22、own.,Translation,6 卡特德鲁兹奉命放哨的这条路离他父亲的住宅只有几英里的距离。 7 路从峡谷下的一片森林延伸到一块巨大的山岩上。任何一个人站在这块高高的山岩上都能看到下面的深谷。往下看，会令人头晕目眩。,上海交通大学出版社,Note that “looking down” is a present participial phrase modifying the subject.,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,19,focus1text,8 Hidden in the valleys forest were five Union regimen
23、ts thousands of Carters fellow soldiers. They had marched for thirty-six hours. Now they were resting. But at midnight they would climb that road up the rocky cliff.,Translation,8 北方联邦军的五个步兵团数千名卡特的战友隐藏在谷底的森林中。他们刚刚行进了36个小时，现在正在休息，但午夜时分他们将沿着那条路攀爬到石崖上。,上海交通大学出版社,regiment: n. C（军队的）团 cf. squad班；platoon排
24、；company连；battalion营；regiment团；brigade旅；division师；army集团军，兵团,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,20,focus1text,9 Their plan was to attack by surprise an army of Southerners, camped on the other side of the cliff. But if their enemy learned about the Union Army hiding in the forest, the soldiers would fin
25、d themselves in a trap with no escape. That was why Carter Druse had been sent to the road to make sure that no enemy soldier spied on the valley, where the Union Army was hiding.,Translation,9 他们的计划是突袭宿营在悬崖另一侧的南方军部队，但是如果敌方知道联邦军隐藏在森林里，北方的士兵就会陷入困境，难以脱身。这正是卡特德鲁兹受命在这条路上放哨的原因。他的职责就是确保没有敌军士兵侦察联邦军藏身的峡谷。,上
26、海交通大学出版社,Questions about Para. 9,attack (sb.) by surprise: 出其不意地攻击某人，突袭 e.g. Pearl Harbor was attacked by surprise and suffered a heavy loss. King though it is, the lion has to capture a prey by attacking it by surprise.,spy on:侦查，打探 e.g. He was charged with spying on American military bases in Iraq
27、. He was paid by the police to spy on other suspects.,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,21,focus1text,5. What was the plan of Carters army?,Their plan was to attack by surprise an army of Southerners camped on the other side of the cliff.,上海交通大学出版社,6. What was Carters duty as a guard in the bushes?,He
28、had been sent to the road to make sure that no enemy soldier spied on the valley, where the Union Army was hiding.,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,22,focus1text,10 But Carter Druse had fallen asleep. Suddenly, as if a messenger of fate came to touch him on the shoulder, the young man opened his eyes.
29、 As he lifted his head, he saw a man on horseback standing on the huge rocky cliff. His first feeling was a keen artistic delight. (To be continued),Translation,10 然而卡特德鲁兹却睡着了。突然，仿佛命运信使拍了拍他的肩膀，这位年轻人睁开了眼睛。他抬起头望去，只见在那块巨大的石崖顶部，有个人正端坐在马背上。他的第一感觉是一种强烈的艺术震撼。,上海交通大学出版社,Note that it is idiomatic in English
30、to say “to touch / hit / pat sb. on / in part of his / her body” rather than to say “to touch / hit / pat part of ones body”. e.g. The lady struck the robber in the face and knocked him down.,Meaning: Suddenly, Carter woke up just at a critical juncture, as if it were the work of God sending an ange
31、l to awake him.,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,23,focus1text,On the colossal pedestal of the cliff was a statue of impressive dignity. Carter could not see the mans face, because the rider was looking down into the valley. The figure of the man sat on the figure of the horse, straight and soldierly,
32、 but with the repose of a Grecian god carved in the marble which limits the suggestion of activity.,Translation,在悬崖这个巨大的基座上，矗立着一尊庄严的雕像。那位骑兵正俯视谷底，卡特看不见他的脸。男子坐在马背上，腰板挺直，颇具军人风度，如同古希腊神的大理石雕像般平静安详、纹丝不动。,上海交通大学出版社,Question about Para. 10,soldierly: a. 有军人气质的；英武的 e.g. soldierly courage 军人的勇气；soldierly mann
33、er 军人风度 cf. manly有男子汉气概的，强壮的；womanly女人味的；scholarly有学者风度的,suggestion: n. U 暗示；联想；迹象 e.g. The slogans on the wall gave the suggestion of the past. There was never any suggestion of criminal involvement.,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,24,focus1text,7. How did Carter feel at the first sight of the horse
34、man standing on the cliff?,At the sight of the horseman, his first feeling was a keen artistic delight, as if he was admiring a statue of impressive dignity.,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,25,focus1text,11 Carter discovered he was very much afraid, even though he knew the enemy soldier cou
35、ld not see him hiding in the bushes. 12 Suddenly the horse moved, pulling back its head from the edge of the cliff. Wide awake, Carter was alive to the significance of the situation now. He raised his gun and aimed for the horsemans heart. A small squeeze of the trigger, and Carter Druse would have
36、done his duty.,Translation,11 尽管卡特清楚敌兵看不到他正藏于灌木丛中，他还是感到极度恐惧。 12 突然，马动了一下，从悬崖边后退了一些。卡特现在完全清醒了，他意识到眼前形势非常严峻。他端起枪，瞄准了骑手的心脏。只要轻轻一扣扳机，卡特德鲁兹就算完成任务了。,上海交通大学出版社,be alive to sth.: 意识到，注意到 e.g. The company is alive to the threat posed by foreign imports.,Meaning: Carter was completely awake, and he realized h
37、ow serious the situation was.,aim for / at: 瞄准，对准 e.g. He was aiming at the tree but he missed.,squeeze: n. C 挤压；捏 e.g. He gave her shoulder a comforting squeeze. squeeze 还可以引申，意为“挤，塞（的状况）”。 e.g. We managed to get all the luggage into the car but it was a tight squeeze.,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sk
38、y,26,focus1text,13 At that instant, the horseman turned his head and looked in Carters direction. He seemed to look at Carters face, into his eyes, and deep into his brave, generous heart. 14 Carters face became very white. His entire body began shaking. His mind began to race. In his fantasy, the h
39、orse and rider became black figures, rising and falling in slow circles against a fiery red sky.,Translation,13 就在那一瞬间，骑手转过头，朝卡特的方向望过来，好像正看着他的脸庞、他的眼睛，直视他勇敢宽容的心灵。 14 卡特的脸顿时煞白，浑身颤抖，脑海里思绪翻滚。虚幻中，骑手和马变成了黑色的影子，在火红的天空下缓缓地绕着圈升起、落下。,上海交通大学出版社,fantasy: n. C, U 想象；幻想 e.g. He dismissed the story as “pure fantas
40、y”. romantic fantasies of love,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,27,focus1text,15 Carter did not pull the trigger. Instead, he let go of his gun. 16 Brave and strong as he was, Carter almost fainted from the shock of what he had seen. 17 Is it so terrible to kill an enemy who might kill you and your fr
41、iends? Carter knew that this man must be shot from ambush without warning.,Translation,15 卡特没有扣动扳机，而是松开了枪。 16 尽管他勇敢而坚强，卡特还是被眼前的景象震惊了，几乎晕倒过去。 17 杀死一个有可能置你和战友于死地的敌人是件可怕的事吗？卡特知道，他必须不加警告，从潜伏处将这个人击毙。,上海交通大学出版社,Meaning: Although he was so brave and strong, Carter was so shocked at what he had seen that he
42、 almost lost his senses.,let go of: 松手，放开 e.g. Let go of him. He is only a passer-by. She refused to let go of her bag and kicked the robber several times.,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,28,focus1text,18 Slowly, a hope began to form in Carter Druses mind. Perhaps the Southern soldier had not seen th
43、e Northern troops. 19 Perhaps he was only admiring the view. Perhaps he would now turn and ride carelessly away. 20 Then Carter looked down into the valley and saw a line of men in blue uniforms, slowly leaving the forest and bringing their horses to a stream. And there they were in plain sight!,Tra
44、nslation,18 慢慢地，卡特心里浮现出一丝希望：也许这个南方军士兵并没有发现北方军部队。 19 也许他仅仅在欣赏风景。也许他会调转马头，漫不经心地离去。 20 卡特低头往峡谷望去，只见身穿蓝色制服的士兵排成一条线，正缓缓离开森林，牵着马去一条小溪饮水。他们让自己的行踪完全暴露了！,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,29,focus1text,21 Carter Druse looked back to the man and horse standing there against the sky. Again he took aim.
45、But this time he pointed his gun at the horse. Words rang in his head the last words his father ever spoke to him: “No matter what happens, be sure you always do what you think is your duty.” 22 Carter Druse was calm as he pulled the trigger of his gun.,Translation,21 卡特德鲁兹的视线重新回到蓝天映衬下矗立着的骑手和马的身上。他再
46、次瞄准，但这次他瞄准的是马。他耳边响起那些话他父亲最后说的那些话：“无论发生什么事，一定要完成你心目中应尽的职责。” 22 扣动扳机那一瞬间，卡特德鲁兹非常平静。,上海交通大学出版社,Pay attention to the meaning of the preposition against: here it means “with sth. in the background, as a contrast (以为背景，衬托)”. e.g. The picture looks good against that light wall. The dark ruins of the castle
47、 stood out against the evening sky.,Question about Para. 21,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,30,focus1text,8. Why did Carter shoot the horse instead of the man?,In order to save his army, Carter knew the man must be killed, but he could not bring himself to shoot at his own father, so he shot the hors
48、e instead.,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,31,focus1text,23 At that moment, a Union officer happened to look up from his hiding place near the edge of the forest. His eyes climbed to the top of the cliff that looked over the valley. 24 And then the officer saw something that filled his hear
49、t with horror. A man on a horse was riding down into the valley through the air!,Translation,23 与此同时，一个联邦军军官无意中从森林边缘的隐蔽处往上看，目光落在俯瞰峡谷的悬崖顶上。 24 接着，军官看到了令他恐怖的一幕个人骑着马，正从空中向峡谷冲下来。,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,32,focus1text,25 The rider sat straight, a strong clutch upon the reins to hold his charger from too impetuous a plunge. From his bare head his long hair streamed upward. His hands were concealed