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1、虚拟语气,语气的种类,陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的，确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句，疑问句和某些感叹句。 We are not ready. Did it rain all day yesterday? How a fine day it is! 祈使语气：表说话人的建议，请求，邀请，命令等。 Be carefully! Dont forget to close the window! Open the door,please? 虚拟语气：表动作或状态不是客观存在事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。 If I were you, I would study English. I wi
2、sh you chould go with me. May you succeed!,1,一.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法,条件句有两类，真实的条件句和虚拟的条件句,真实的条件句：假设的情况有可能发生，谓语用陈述语气。,If it doesnt rain tomorrow,we will go to the park.,虚拟条件句：假设过去现在都不存在，或者将来不大可 能发生的情况,If he had seen you yesterday,he would have asked you about homework.,在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主语和从句的谓语中都要用虚拟语气。 虚拟语气从句和主
3、句的动词形式列表如下,表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果,If I were you , I should /would/chould/might tell him the truth,If he had time , he should/would/chould/might go with you.,If my brother were here ,everything would be all right.,2.与过去事实相反的假设或结果,If you had taken my advice , you wouldnt/shouldnt/couldnt /might have failed i
4、n the exam.,If I had had the money last week , I should/would/chould/might have bought a car.,If she had won the game ,she would /chould /might have telephoned you immediately.,3.表示与将来事实相反的结果或假设,If it were saturday tomorrow , I would go to the Jingsan Road to shop.,If it were to snow this evening ,
5、they would not to go out.,If it should rain , the crops would /chould /might be saved.,4.主从句的动作发生的时间不一致的情况,有时候条件从句中的动作与主语从句中的动作发生的时间，这时候动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整,If you had listened to the doctors , you would be all right now.,If you had practised speaking English more , you would be able to speak it flue
6、ntly.,二.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法,在“Its important /strange /natural /necessary that“这类句型中，that一道的主语从句中的谓语 动词常用”should + 动词原形“结构，表示”重要“”奇怪“”自然“”必要“等意义,It is important that every member (should) inform himself of this rules.,It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.,It is very strange that she (shou
7、ld) have left without saying goodbye.,三.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法,1.在动词wish后的宾语从句 表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句中 通常省略连词that.,(1)对现在情况的虚拟，从句动词用过去式或过去进行时（be动词一般用were）,I wish I knew the answer to the qustion.,How I wish I were a bird.,（2)对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had+过去分词”,I wish hadnt spent so much money.,He wish he had not l
8、ost the chances.,（3)对将来的主观愿望：从句动词形式用“would+动词原形”,I wish it would stop raining.,I wish you would come soon.,2.在建议（advise/recommend/suggest /propose）要求(demand / command /require /insist)命令（order）等动词的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,I suggest that we (should)set off at once.,I demand that the work (should) be
9、done immediately.,The students insisted that they (should) have more English classes.,四.虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法,1.在even if/though 引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中：主句和从句都有虚拟语气，动词形式含有虚拟条件句的虚拟语气相同,Even if Lintao were here , I should say the same thing.,Even though he had been ill , he would have gone to his office.,2,由as if 或as
10、 though 引导的方式或比较状语从句时，从句的谓语动词为过去式（be用were）或“had + 过去分词”,He treats me as if I were his own child.,She talked about the movie as if she had really seen it.,3.在in order that或so that 引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用“chould/might(有时也用should)+动词原形”,Mr Green spoken slowly so that his student could/might hear clearly .,Th
11、ey are climbing higher in order that they chould/might get a better view.,注：在in case,for fear (that),lest等引导的从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，in case 引导的从句还常用陈述语气，for fear that引导的从句谓语动词还可以用情态动词may might或would,She took her raincoat with her in case/for fear that/lest she (should) be caught in the rain.,Remind
12、me of it in case I (should) forget.,五.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法,在“It is time (that).”句型中，从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式用过去式或“should+动词原形”，意思是该做什么的时候了,It is we went to bed.,Its (high) time we did our homework.,六.虚拟语气在简单句中的用法,1.情态动词的过去式用于现在时态表示说话人谦虚，客气，有礼貌或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中,It would be better for you if you not to stay up t
13、oo late. Would you kind enough to open the door.,2.在一些习惯表达中 Youd better go now. I would rather not tell you.,3.用“May+动词原形”表示“祝愿”，“但愿”，may置于句首,May you be happy! May good luck be yours!,七.虚拟语气可以转换的形式,1.省略if连词，如果虚拟语气中有were,should或had,可以省略if,把这几个词放在主语前，构成主谓倒装,If he should come, tell him to ring me up.,I
14、f I were you , I would not do it.,If he had more careful , such mistakes chould have been avoided.,!在虚拟条件句中，省略连词的倒装形式，其句首不能用动词的缩略式,If it werent for the expense , I would go to Paris.,Werent it for the expense , I would go to Paris.(),Were it not for the expense , I would go to Paris.,2.用介词短语来代替条件状语从
15、句，有时假设的情况并不用条件从句来表示，而通过介词短语,Without air , there would be no living things.,=?,But for you , I chouldnt have do it.,=?,*假设的情况有时通过上下文看得出来,I was busy that day , otherwise, I would have gone with you .,I would have finished the work , but I had been ill.,七.省略条件从句或主语从句的虚拟语气,表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但含义仍可推知,You chould have washed your clothes yourself.,If only she had not left.,If only the wind would stop!,If my grandmother were here with me.,