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1、重视基础 突出能力 积极有效地开展高考英语复习,湘潭市教育科学研究院 陈红 2012年2月 长沙,一、与试卷分析相关的概念 二、对2011年高考试卷的简评 三、对全国部分省市写作试题的分析 四、对教学的建议,一、与考试分析相关的概念,信度是指使用同一试卷对考生重复测验时，或两个平行试卷对考生测验时，所得测验分数的一致性和稳定性程度。,效度是指考试有效性或正确性的质 量指标，考试效度的高低反映着考 试是否达到它的预定目的，是否考 了要考的内容。,难度指试卷(题)的难易程度。一般用试 卷(题)的得分率或答对率表示，所以难 度事实上是容易度或通过率。其值在 01之间，数值越大，说明试卷(题)越 容易
2、。,区分度是指试题对不同考生的知识、能力水平的鉴别程度。 如果一个题目的测试结果使水平高的考生答对（得高分），而水平较低的考生答错（得低分），它的区分能力就很强。,二、对2011年高考试卷的评析 （参考命题组的高考命题思路）,1、严格遵照2011年普通高等学校全国招生统一考试大纲2011年高考湖南卷考试说明的规定。,2、完善题型功能，明确测试目的,为了体现新课标提出的“适当减少客观 题，增加有助于学生思维表达的主观题” 的要求，湖南从2010年开始，增加了主观 题在全卷中的比例(主观题64.5分，占 43%，客观题85.5分，占57%)。2011年继 续保持主观题的总分值不变，以进一步增 加测
3、试的效度。,3、重视共同基础，考查要求逐层提高。,语言知识部分：侧重对学生语言知识中基本语法知识的测试。覆盖面广、要点突出。动词及其变化形式仍然是测试的重点。 动词：时态语态4个；主谓一致1个； 情态动词1个；非谓语动词3个 倒装：关系代词；从属连词；连接词；强调句型；不定代词各一个,完形填空一： 动词的考查有6个，占50%； 名词3个，占25%； 形容词2个，占16.7%； 副词1个，占8.3%,1、完形填空二：语境的因素加强，但帮助答题的辅助信息充足。要求学生语言基础知识要扎实、牢固。 2、写作,作文题突出考查学生思维和表达的完整性和逻辑性。与以往相比，今年作文题适当增加思考范围，采用图片
4、信息结合文字说明的方式，要求考生合理运用分析、判断、推理等手段进行积极思维，并说明自己的观点。图片信息明显，主题突出，立意贴近中学生生活，有着良好的启发思维功能。,总体感觉： 重视基础，突出能力，体现了新课标的理 念，命题具有科学性和适用性。覆盖面广，具 有较高的效度、信度、适当的难度和区分度， 符合高考作为选拔性考试的要求。,三、对全国部分省市写作技能的分析,在2011年，国家英语考试大纲对写作技能的测试要求如下： 1. 在一定的语境中准确使用英语词汇 和语法； 2. 使用一定词汇和句型，清楚连贯地 用英语表达自己的意思； 3. 根据所读短文进行转述或摘要； 4. 能用英语恰当地表达情感、态
5、度和 价值观。,纵观安徽、湖北、湖南、海南、江苏、江西、辽宁、全国卷、陕西、天津、重庆等12个省份（因写作篇数不一样，北京、广东除外）的写作试题，发现在同一个大纲的要求下，对写作技能的要求差异已经比较大了。,1、试题的开放度 写作试题从命题形式来看，可以分为 控制性写作（Controlled composition） 半控制性写作（half-controlled writing ） 开放写作（Uncontrolled composition）,2011全国卷： 假定你是李华，正在一所英国学校学习暑期课程，遇到一些困难，希望得到学校辅导 中心(Learning Center)的帮助。根据学校规定
6、，你需书面预约，请按下列要点写一封信： 1本人简介； 2求助内容： 3约定时间； 4你的联系方式(Email: ; Phone:12345678)。 注意：1词数100左右： 2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3结束语已为你写好。,2011陕西卷 假定你是中学生李华。在一位名叫Tiger Mom的学生家长的博客上，你看到如下内容。请你根据博客内容、写作要点和要求，给这位家长回复。 Im the mother of a fourteen-year-old. I have a rule for my daughter: be among the top 5 students or get pun
7、ished in one way or another. She has been doing very well in school, but some friends of mine keep telling me that I put too much pressure on her. Am I wrong? 写作要点： 1.表明自己的看法； 2.陈述自己的理由（可举例说明）； 3.提出至少两条建议 要求： 1.短文须写在答题卡的指定区域。 2.短文词数不少于100（不含已写好的部分）。 3.内容充实，结构完整，语意连贯。 4.书写需清晰、工整。,假设你参加所在年级的英文写作比赛，请按照
8、要求完成一篇短文：1.简要描述下图内容，并点明主题； 2.联系实际，表达该图带给你的启示。 注意：1.词数不少于120个； 2. 不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。,2011年高考湖南卷,2011安徽 某校英文报开辟了一个专栏：Experience。本期话题是如何解决学习中遇到的困难。请你以“My Approach to Difficulties in Learning”为题，用英语写一篇短文, 谈谈自己的一些做法。 要求：1. 词数100左右; 2. 短文中不能出现本人的相关信息。,2、词数要求 湖南省已由原来不成文的120词左右改成不少于120词，没有上限；而其他各地对词数的要求不尽相同，全国卷
9、、安徽卷、海南卷、湖北卷等字数要求为100左右；福建卷、江西卷为120左右；山东卷为120-150词，既规定了下限也规定了上限。,怎样进行高三总复习阶段的教学？（宏观）,1、研读2012届考纲，宏观把握方向。,考试大纲是高考命题必须严格遵守的纲领性文件，它对考试的指导思想、性质、内容、技能要求、考试形式、题型及示例等给出了严格的要求和说明，是我们应考的指挥棒。与其到处打听信息，不如潜心钻研考标。,2、研读2010-2011高考试卷，透视命题思路。,明确题型功能、找准测试点，提高题型训练的针对性和有效性。,3、研读教材，有效提升能力,1）教材中的语法,2. We can use if or wh
10、ether to introduce a noun clause. (我们可以用if或者whether 引导名词性从句。) We use if or whether to introduce a noun clause when the clause is a yes/no question. We change the word order in a clause after if or whether into that of a statement. (我们可以用if或者whether来引导一般疑问句。在if或者whether之后，我们要将单词的顺序变成陈述句的语序。) We can o
11、nly use whether, but not if, after a preposition. (在介词之后我们只能用whether不能用if。) We can only use whether, but not if, when the clause as the subject is at the beginning of the sentence. (当从句在句首充当主语时，我们只能用whether不能用if。) We use whether or not, but if or not. (我们可以用whether or not，而不能用if or not。) 3. If that
12、or whether/if introduces a noun clause that has two sentences connected by and or but, we add another that or whether / if after and or but. He said that he liked rain very much and that he wouldnt use an umbrella when it was raining. No one knows whether it will be fine tomorrow and whether he will
13、 come to work.,教材中的词汇,几个做法,可以将词汇分类记忆。老师可以备课组为单位，分头完成；也可以将分类项目设计好，将任务分给学生完成。,由动词变名词加ment amaze vt.使大为惊奇，惊愕 amazement n.惊愕；惊奇 amuse vt.逗乐，逗笑；给提供娱乐 amusement n.娱乐；文娱设施astonish vt.使惊讶 astonishment n.吃惊；惊异 disappoint vt.失望；(希望等)破灭，挫败(计划等) disappointment n.失望；挫折 discourage vt.使泄气，使灰心；阻止，劝阻 discouragement
14、n.挫折，气馁 embarrass vt.使窘，使尴尬，使不好意思 embarrassment n.窘迫；困惑；为难 encourage vt.鼓励，激励，怂恿；促进，助长，激发 encouragement n.鼓励；赞助；引诱 excite vt.使激动，使兴奋；引起，激起 excitement n.刺激，激动；令人兴奋的事，刺激的因素,e.g. 情感动词及其名词形式,温馨提示：由动词变名词加ance annoy vt.使恼怒，使烦恼；打扰,干扰 annoyance n. 烦恼事(人) disturb vt.打扰，妨碍；使不安，使烦恼；弄乱disturbance n.扰乱，打扰；骚乱；心神不
15、安，烦恼 温馨提示：由动词变名词加ion confuse vt.使困惑，把弄糊涂；混淆；混乱，搞乱confusion n.困惑，糊涂；混淆；混乱，骚乱 satisfy vt.使满意；使确信；符合(要求等) satisfaction n.满足(意)；赔偿(物)，补偿(物),温馨提示：动词和名词同型 delight v.高兴，欣喜 n.高兴；使人高兴的东西(或人) interest vt.使感兴趣 n.兴趣; 利益 puzzle v.(使)迷惑；(使)苦思 n.谜；难题 scare n. 惊恐 vt.吓，使害怕 vi.受惊吓，害怕 surprise n. 惊奇；令人惊奇的事物 vt.使惊奇；撞见s
16、hock n. 震动；震惊v.(使)震惊 upset vt. 心烦意乱；搅乱 n. 不安(适) a. 心烦的worry n./ v. (about) (使)担心(发愁，忧虑),(二)写出下列词组的动词,结论： 单词难记，但须讲求方法。花些时间 好好研究一下课标的词汇表，探究一 下各种题型取词的规律，是可以帮助 学生学得更好的！,3）认真对待教材中的reading strategy,Reading a story （读故事） There are different types of stories. Stories usually have the following elements in c
17、ommon. Take the story you just read: a plot a woman lost in the fog was helped by an old man a certain time period one afternoon a place a foggy city a problem or issue to be solved how she should get home a climax or a surprising ending the old man was blind Learning to identify these elements will
18、 help you understand the stories you read.,Reading strategy: Reading a history article ( 阅读策略：读历史类文章 ) What you have read is a typical history article. When you are reading a history article, you will notice dates and years in the text, e.g., the 5th century, 1066. Identifying these details will hel
19、p you understand a sequence of events and how pieces of information relate to the rest of the text. Next time when you read a history article, it is a good idea to make a time chart, listing relevant information such as times, places and events, etc. in the article. For a sample time chart, look at
20、pages 58 of this book. You can certainly create a different type of time chart, for example, a table. Just make sure that it helps you understand the text.,Reading strategy (阅读策略) When you are reading diary entries recording someones travels, you should look for dates and place names in the text. Fo
21、r example, from 17th July: Tomorrow we are off to Naples we know that Ann was going to Naples on 18th July. You will also find facts and historical information, such as the fact that Loulan existed on the famous Silk Road and the information that 100 years ago the Swedish explorer Scen Hedin discove
22、red the ruins of the Loulan Kingdom. The writer will also include personal feelings and opinions in the diary. When Ann writes about the eruption in Pompeii, she writes: Unfortunately, all the people were buried alive, and so was the city! We know she felt sorry about the eruption because she used t
23、he word unfortunately.,4）认真对待教材中的写作策略,英语故事的写作 (Task ) 故事体裁的文章常常包括以下几个要素：时间、地点、人物、原因、经过、结果。在故事开头时，要介绍故事发生的背景及主要人物，要告诉读者：谁？什么地点？什么时间？为什么？ 第二部分要写故事发生的经过，要讲述人物所经历的问题。 第三部分是故事的结尾，要交代问题是怎样的解决的以及故事的结局是怎样的？,首段 交代主题 When Polly left home that morning, the city was already covered in a grey mist. 2) I was at t
24、he North Pole. I was wearing a warm coat, a cotton hat, thick gloves and heavy boots. Although I was wearing warm clothes, I still felt that my feet were cold and that my hands ached, There was such a terrible snowstorm that I could hardly see. 3) It was the most exciting moment that Ive ever experi
25、enced. 4) All through my senior high school, I couldnt forget.,交代事情发展的顺序 1) One out in the street, . 2) As Polly observed . 3) Then, . 4) A minute before . 5) A few seconds later.,描写作者的心理活动 1) She could feel that her hear beating with fear. 2) Now she wanted to run, but fear held her still. 3) I cou
26、ld hardly believe my eyes. 4) I felt as if I were on top of the world. 5) I was completely shocked. 6) I was bursting with joy.,本单元的写作技能是：英文报告的写法。 写作最重要的步骤之一就是恰当地组织信息。这一点对于写英文报告来说尤为重要。英文报道常常包括四个部分： 1）引入：介绍这个报告是什么。 2）步骤、方法：为了发现信息你做了什么。 3）结论或发现：在报告中所发现的和想证明什么。 4）结论：总结报告的主要内容， 有时是以劝告结尾。,常见的开头有： 1. Rece
27、ntly, a survey has been done to find out _. In this survey, _were interviewed. They were asked _. 2. Recently, weve conducted a survey to learn about _. In this survey, _ were interviewed about _. 图标说明的表达有： 1. The table /chart diagram /graph Shows / indicates (that). 2. From /According to the table
28、/ chart diagram/graph. 3. As is shown in the table/chart diagram/graph. 4. As can be seen from the table / chart / diagram / graph / figures. 5. Figures/statistics shows (that). 6. It can be seen from the figures/statistics? 7. We can see from the figures/statistics? 8. It is clear / apparent from t
29、he figures/statistics?,图表数据的变化采用以下表达： 增加：increase / rise / go up / grow / jump 减少：decrease / go down / drop / fall /decline /reduce 稳定：remain stable /steady . 达到：reach 接近：approach 说明各种原因的句型有： There are probably a number of / a variety of reasons/causes for this significant increase / growth / declin
30、e in. First . Second? 分析某一现象可能造成的后果或带来的影响，可用以下句型。 1. The great effect the changes have on is obvious/evident/apparent. 2. It will bring about an unfavorable influence on. 3. It may produce a considerable change in. 4. It may result in a number of problems. 5. The consequence it produced is. 6. And p
31、erhaps the most direct result of is.,本单元是英文演讲稿的写法。当我们要发表 演讲时，首先要做的一件事是将我们要讲的内容连一个提纲。一个简单的提纲长包括一下要点： 1、向听众问好 2、向听众表达谢意。 3、解释演讲的人为什么站在这儿或者演讲是的话题是什么。 4、演讲的主体部分包括：细节、事实、姓名、日期、或者历史 5、你的先见或对未来的希望是什么 6、演讲的结论 7、最后表示谢意。 演讲时，还要注意一下几点： 由于演讲的时间限制，必须开门见山提出论题。提出论题的方法有各种各样，但最生动，最能引起注意的是用举例法。 对提出的论题，不可主观地妄下结论，而要进行客
32、观的论证。这是演讲中最需要下功夫的部分。关键是要把道理讲清楚。 结论要简明扼要，以给听众留下深刻印象。 结尾要简洁，不要拉拉扯扯，说个没完 特别是不要受汉语影响，说些类似“准备不足，请谅解”，“请批评指正”这样的废话。最普通的结尾就是：Thank you very much for your attention。,5) 认真对待教材中的话题材料。,Section C (25 marks) Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你和几位同学成
33、立了一个英语俱乐部，开展了为期两个月的活动。现在，你将代表俱乐部在课堂上进行经验交流，请写一篇英语发言稿，主要内容如下： 1简要描述俱乐部开展的一项与英语有关的主要活动： 2谈谈你们开展该活动的收获。 注意： 1词数不少于120个； 2不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。,We have a radio club in our school. It is great because it is run by the students for the school. I am lucky as I am one of the hosts. It was started two years ago as
34、CD players were not allowed in school. (M1, U1) Our club is much more than just music. Every morning we tell students about the weather and recent news, plus some special messages that the teachers want us to broadcast. During exam time we have a special program that tells students the things they s
35、hould or shouldnt do for preparation. At the end of the school year, many students who are graduating use our club to give messages to their close friends and teachers. When parents come to visit the school and talk to the teachers in the evening, we always play songs sung by students, and we also g
36、ive special messages to inform the parents of events such as outings and school plays. Im graduating soon. I shall miss the radio club, but I know that it will continue without me. (Kate Jones),SECTION C,Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 图
37、片说明：大年初一，这位女环卫工人第三次换被雪水浸湿的鞋子。 请根据图片及给出的开头写出你对此事的感想。 参考词汇：被水浸透的water-soaked 要求：词数不少于120个。 Looking around us, we may surprisingly find that some people are not as ordinary as we thought.,Lets take a look at the woman cleaner in the picture. It was on the first morning of the cold spring festival. It s
38、hould be a time for a happy family reunion, while she stuck to her post and tried her best to clean the street. Her shoes were water-soaked for three times, yet she didnt stop working. Seeing this ordinary scene, I was deeply moved. In our daily life, many ordinary people spare no effort to perform
39、their duty and help our society function well. Ordinary as they are, they make extraordinary contributions to the society. As we know, the society is made up of every single ordinary person. As long as all the members do our ordinary duties well, we can make the world a better place for all of us to
40、 live in.,Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 目前，很多大城市的年轻人向中小城市迁徙。请用英语描述这一现象，分析其原因并谈谈你的看法。（字数：120左右） Mobility in the USA,Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你参加所在年级的英文写作比赛, 请按如下要求完
41、成一篇短文： 1、简要描述下图内容, 并点明主题； 2、针对图中人物的观点谈谈你的看法。,I have to move to a city. There are no jobs in the small town where I live.,Recently, there has been a boom in population mobility from big cities to small ones among young people. In the past, young people preferred to move to big cities, where they coul
42、d find good jobs and seek excitement and entertainment. However, with the growing population in big cities, many problems have occurred. Life there has become more difficult and inconvenient. Besides, buying or renting a flat is a big burden for them. They feel tired both physically and mentally. Th
43、erefore many of them made a decision to move to less developed cities, where they can have an easier life. In my opinion, I believe small cities will benefit from this mobility because young people with new ideas and knowledge will help develop these cities.,Section C (25 marks) Directions: Write an
44、 English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 高中即将毕业了，请谈谈你今后想从事的职业及选择这个职业的理由。,模块十一,It is near the time to say goodbye to middle school life and also the time for me to take my future careers into consideration now. Its quite difficult to choose from so many jobs in the w
45、orld, but Id like to be a vet when I enter the society. Since childhood, I have had a strong love for pets and want to be friends with them. If I have become a vet, I can not only accompany the lovely pets, but also treat them medically when they are ill. In addition, I can also offer professional a
46、dvice to the pet owners about how to keep their pets in a right way. It sounds like an ordinary job, but it can help people and animals live harmoniously.,Do you wish to find new and interesting things when you go on a journey to another country? 48 you expect different countries to have the same cu
47、stoms and food as what you are accustomed 49 , then you are bound to be disappointed. You need to put aside your old ideas and prejudice and learn to be 50 flexible in your expectations because finding the unusual and unexpected is the reward of travel. If you are 51 acute observer, you will find ev
48、en 52 your own country, there are interesting differences in the way people who live in different parts of the country behave and live. There are many reasons why people like to travel. Some are nature lovers whose main interest is in the natural scenery and the wildlife. 53 have a preference for fa
49、mous places and monuments they heard about when 54 were very young. The best travelers are those whose thinking is not conservative. These are people 55 have no reservations about trying new things, and also show respect for the people and places they meet or visit. 来自模块九,结论： 好的素材，可以从教材中信手拈来；慧眼挖掘，可以省时高效地提高学生的各项能力。名言佳句尽在书中，利用有效，可以让学生妙笔生花！,2、专题训练 1）明确专题测试的内容、目标。要制定双向细 目表，将每次测试的内容及测试点的测试角 度记录下来，