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1、中考完形填空解题策略及复习方法,邵武六中 李秀梅,一.题型特点 完形填空是中考试题中固定且重要的题型。它融单项选择与阅读理解为一体，涉及词汇、语法、逻辑推理等知识。这类题目要求学生知识面广，有扎实的基本功和坚实的语法基础。除此之外，还要有较强的语感，能够根据上下文的语境进行猜测，推断，作出正确的选择。这类题的题型特点有：,1. 在整份试卷中所占的分值较重，占15分， 长度一般在220-260个单词左右。,2. 降低了对单词本身的考查要求，重点考查考生对短文的整体理解，上下文的段落衔接，理解分析及推理判断能力。,3. 针对初中学生的实际水平，一般用记叙文，很少专业强的文章。,4.要求填入的词主要
2、有：,动词及短语动 词；名词。介词；形容词、副词、代词和连词；同义词、近义词等易混词。考查以实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结构、难点主要集中在根据上下文正确判断词的用法上。,2012年中考完形填空选项,动词36. A. works B. studies C. plays 动词37. A. practicing B. watching C. buying 连词38: A. and B. but C. or 形容39. A. healthy B. strong C. weak 动词40. A. decide B. decides C. decided 介词41. A. In B. On C. At 名词
3、42. A. education B. business C. holidays 动词43. A. help B. prevent C. leave 代词44. A. none B. all C. more 名词45. A. classes B. countries C. schools,考点,年份,2015,2014,2012,2013,20122015年南平中考各类词在题中的分布情况：,二.解题步骤,Step 1：Read-through （跳过空格、通读全文、掌握大意2mins）,A mother planted many vegetables in her garden. One da
4、y, she said to her 31 , “Betty, come here. Look at all these little yellow marks on the 32 of the cabbages. They are eggs of a kind of insect(虫子). They are beautiful but bad for cabbages. This afternoon you must 33 all the eggs on the leaves and kill them. In this way, you will help us have 34 , gre
5、ener and bigger cabbages.” Betty didnt think she should do it 35 and in the end she forgot all about it. The mother fell ill for a few days and 36 work in her garden. When she was well, she took Betty with her to the garden to see the cabbages. To 37 surprise, the insects had eaten every leaf. When
6、Betty saw this, she began to 38 . Then her mother said to her, “We should never put off what we have to do today till 39 . And you must learn to deal with the bad things while they are small, 40 it will turn into a big problem.,Which is the main idea of the passage?,A mother wanted her daughter to p
7、lant vegetables. A mother wanted her daughter to find and kill the egg of a kind of insect. A mother wanted her daughter to cook vegetables.,A mother planted many vegetables in her garden. One day, she said to her 31 , “Betty, come here. Look at all these little yellow marks on the 32 of the cabbage
8、s. They are eggs of a kind of insect(虫子). They are beautiful but bad for cabbages. This afternoon you must 33 all the eggs on the leaves and kill them. （ C ） 31. A. son B. mother C. daughter （ B ） 32. A. trees B. leaves C. grass （ A ） 33. A. find B. eat C. fly,Step 2：Easy first, hard later （瞻前顾后、先易后
9、难、各个击破）8mins,In this way, you will help us have 34 ,greener and bigger cabbages.” Betty didnt think she should do it 35 and in the end she forgot all about it. The mother fell ill for a few days and 36 work in her garden. （ B ）34. A. worse B. better C. thinner （ C）35. A. at most B. at last C. at onc
10、e （B ）36. A. must B. couldnt C. need,When she was well, she took Betty with her to the garden to see the cabbages. To 37 surprise, the insects had eaten every leaf. When Betty saw this, she began to 38 . Then her mother said to her, “We should never put off what we have to do today till 39 . And you
11、 must learn to deal with the bad things while they are small, 40 it will turn into a big problem. （ B ）37. A. my B. their C. his （ A ）38. A. cry B. wait C. run （ C ）39. A. yesterday B. today C. tomorrow （ B ）40. A. but B. or C. and,A mother planted many vegetables in her garden. One day, she said to
12、 her 1. daughter , “Betty, come here. Look at all these little yellow marks on the 2.leaves of the cabbages. They are eggs of a kind of insect(虫子). They are beautiful but bad for cabbages. This afternoon you must 3. find all the eggs on the leaves and kill them.In this way, you will help us have 4,b
13、etter , greener and bigger cabbages.” Betty didnt think she should do it 5.at once and in the end she forgot all about it. The mother fell ill for a few days and 6. 7.couldnt work in her garden. When she was well, she took Betty with her to the garden to see the cabbages. To 8. their surprise, the i
14、nsects had eaten every leaf. When Betty saw this, she began to cry . Then her mother said to her, “We should never put off what we have to do today till 9. tomorrow. And you must learn to deal with the bad things while they are small, 10.or it will turn into a big problem.,3、复读,逐个核对，验证答案.2mins,The m
15、other fell ill for a few days and 36 work in her garden. 36. A. must B. couldnt C. need,策略一.观察语境,进行逻辑推理,三. 解题策略, We would have to think about them or do more reading to find out the answers. The more we read, the more we know. The more we know, the 42 we become. (南平2014）,42. A. clever B. cleverer C.
16、 cleverest,策略二.捕捉信息，借助语法,2014 World Book Day is on April 23 every year. It was set up by UNESCO (朕合国教科文组织) in 1955 to encourage people, especially teenagers, to discover the pleasure of 36 . 36. A. watching B. looking C. reading,策略三.辨析用法，谨慎选择,(南平2011） and the room caught a fire. But I ran into the r
17、oom and tried my best 42 him. 42. A. to protect B. protecting C. protect,策略四.固定搭配，准确判断,完形填空在许多情况下需借助常识的判断和相关背景知识的帮助。如上文中34题 This afternoon you must find all the eggs on the leaves and kill them. In this way, you will help us have 34 （better) , greener and bigger cabbages.”,策略五.根据常识，合理推测,四、复习建议 从平时考试
18、的情况来看，完型填空题的正确率是不太理想的，原因主要两方面：一是词汇搭配和语义辨析不过关，遗忘率较高；二是没有根据题型特点运用适当的解题策略，往往由于脱离上下文，偏离主线而出错。我们在平时对这种题型应该多加训练，在这学期总复习过程中我们打算从以下几个方面进行完形填空的提高：,要想做好完形填空首先应该扫清词汇障碍，这样才能确保文章看得懂。我们在复习过程中应该重视对学生的词汇检测，同时通过做完形填空也可以巩固对词汇的理解和记忆。在进入总复习以来，我们严抓学生词汇，平时几乎每天进行听写或小测，反复巩固大纲中要求掌握的单词或短语。,1.严格把好词汇关。,2.大量练习单项选择题,完形填空融单项选择与阅读
19、理解为一体，涉及大量的词法句法语法知识。通过大量的单项选择训练，可以使这些知识得到充分的巩固和提高。平时在训练单选题时提醒学生注意错题的巩固，争取题不二错。如果说严抓词汇是为完形扫清词汇障碍，那么大量练习单选题则是为完形扫清语法障碍。,3.广泛阅读,阅读是要讲究技巧的。通过skimming迅速弄清文章的main idea;通过skanning了解文章的细节;通过inferring进行推断。这些技巧在阅读理解中有用，在完形中同样适用 。复习过程中我们经常把原来中考卷中的文章拿来让学生阅读。有时可以让他们做泛读，仅仅要求说出main idea ，有时让他们精读后回答问题，这种广泛而密集的阅读实践在提高阅读能力的同时也对完形填空起到很大的作用。,4. 限时强化训练。 经常用中考真题中的完形填空进行训练。多做真题能够很好地把握中考的命题特点和趋势，帮助学生尽快养成良好的限时答题习惯。在做题中经常进行解题策略的指导，阅读完后可以学生一起讨论，让他们有思考的空间，鼓励大家说出自己选择的理由，引发学生向更深的层面思考。这种限时训练可以每天都有，如果没时间可以隔天在课堂上练，隔天作为作业学生自己在家定时练。基本上保证学生每天都有这种训练。,Thank you!,