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1、 (Acknowledgements) ,Acknowledgements The persons who do not meet the requirements of authorship but have made some contributions to the research result can be listed in the paper with the form of acknowledgement. People of acknowledgement include: laboratory technicians that help to do the research
2、 institutions or stuff that provide convenience for research (equipment, testing etc) people who have proposed guiding ideas fundation support (but not list the amount of the fund),Acknowledgements：Concreteness and truthfulness Point out the concrete help and contribution of the persons to be acknow
3、ledged. The acknowledgement to the person indicates that he agrees with the idea or conclusion; If the person to be acknowledged does not agree with the ideas or conclusion of the paper, then when the paper is published, it will embarrass both the author and the person to be acknowledged ；,To show p
4、oliteness and respect ,people to be acknowledged must be invited to read the paper(especially the acknowledgement) before it is submitted , so as to obtain the permission or acquiescence.,Acknowledgement ：Appropriate Wording One had better use “We thank ”instead of “ We wish to thank” , “would like
5、to thank” etc； If one says “I wish to thank Jones for ”, he is wasting words, and it also indicates that “I hope to thank John Jones help, but this help is not important”. It seems more concise and sincere to say “I thank Jones ”,In acknowledgment, the concrete help or contribution of the person we
6、acknowledge should be pointed out. For example: “Thanks are due to J. Jones for assistance with the experiments and to R. Smith for valuable discussion.” Such empty acknowledgment is avoided, such as : “To acknowledge all of the people who have contributed to this paper in some manner ”,Acknowledgme
7、nt 1 The authors acknowledge the valuable comments and suggestions of their associates in Communications Research at Lockheed Missiles and Space Company. Special thanks are expressed to M.R. O Sulivan for his interesting and rewarding comments.,Acknowledgment 2 Helpful suggestions by D.A . Kleinman
8、and C.G.B . Garret are gratefully acknowledged . Without the equipment borrowed from a large number of our colleagues this experiment would not have been feasible.,Acknowledge3 I have received considerable help by way of suggestions, comments, and criticisms from members of both the medical and the
9、engineering staffs of University College, London. My thanks are due to them all, and in particular to Dr. W. Taylor and Professor J.Z. Young for many stimulating discussions on the problems of learning. The financial support of the Neffield Foundation is also gratefully acknowledged.,Acknowledge 4 T
10、he accomplishment of this paper benefits from the enlightenment of my supervisor, assistant professor, Ming Xiaodong, whose inspiring insights, generous encouragements, and enthusiastic instructions have facilitated me much throughout my thesis writing. Her penetrating and insightful comments afford
11、 me with inspiring source. She has been in constant concern about my paper, spared no pains to entertain my thesis draft. I would also like to extend my sincere thanks,to the Foreign Language Department of * University as well as all my teachers. Thanks to their instructive guidance and comprehensiv
12、e education during the four years schooling, I can acquire the opportunity to further study English. Finally, my great gratitude also goes to those writers and editors whose works I have perused and benefited greatly from without which the completion of the thesis would not have been possible.,Engli
13、sh Expression of the research program supported by a certain fund,The English journals of China usually use food note to express that the thesis to be published is fund-supported, while foreign journals usually put the information of fund support in the section of acknowledgement. Case of expressing
14、 the fund support in the form of foot note in the first page of a thesis.,English Expression of the research program supported by a certain fund,Supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (Grant No. 2001GB30940105),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant
15、No. 60171009) and the Key Project of Science and Technology of Shanghai(Grant No. 02DZ/5002) IN：Progress in Natural Science SCI，2004,14(3):269-275,English Expression of a fund,Case of information about fund support in the section of acknowledgement： Acknowledgments ： This work is supported by the Na
16、tural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We thank Professor J.A. Pople and Dr.P.M.W.Gill for a preprint of Ref. 13,and Professor T. Ziegler and Professor R. A. Friesner for enlightening discussions.,Documentation, MLA Style A guide to in-text and reference citation methods.,Documen
17、tation, MLA Style,GENERAL RULE: Ideally, no more than 25 percent of your paper should be direct quotations. Paraphrase as much as you can. Use direct quotations when citing a statistic or original theory Use authors words if they capture a point exactly.,When to Give Your Source,You must acknowledge
18、 in your paper the source of a direct quotation according to the following cases: A statistic An idea Someone elses opinion Concrete facts not considered “common knowledge” Information not commonly known Information taken from the computer (CD ROMS, internet, etc.) Illustrations, photographs, or cha
19、rts if not yours,Paraphrasing and Summarizing,You must still acknowledge your source if you Paraphrase: Put someone elses ideas into your own words Summarize: Condense someone elses words or ideas,Signal Phrases in MLA,Model Signal Phrases: “In the words of researchers Long and McKinzie” “As Paul Ru
20、dnick has noted” “Melinda Stuart, mother of a child killed by a drunk driver, points out” “,writes Michelle Moore, ” NOTE: Never use “says”,Verbs in Signal Phrases: acknowledges admits agrees asserts believes claims comments confirms contends declares denies disputes emphasizes endorses grants illus
21、trates implies notes observes points out reasons refutes suggests writes,Parenthetical Citations,a system in which you give your source in parentheses immediately after you give the information. Four Common Citations: Author and page number Title and page number Page number only Secondhand quotation
22、s,Parenthetical Citations: Author & Page Number,(Keeling 125) Notice there is no “p” and no comma. The struggle for identity is common during puberty (Keeling 125).,Parenthetical Citations: Title & Page Number,Her distinctive writing style adds to her mystique (“Plath” 19). Often, articles, editoria
23、ls, pamphlets, and other materials have no author listed; thus, give the first distinctive word of the title followed by page #,Parenthetical Citations: Page Number Only,If you have already mentioned the authors name, put a page number only: Keeling states that Plaths work stands in stark contrast t
24、o other confessional poets (58).,Parenthetical Citations: Secondhand Quotations,When you quote someone who has been quoted in one of your sources, use: qtd. in = quoted in Evelyn Maxwell, author of numerous books about poetry, refers to Plath as the “queen of darkness” (qtd. in Keeling 99).,Parenthe
25、tical Citations: Multiple Authors,Two Sources by the Same Author: Use the first identifying words to indicate the title of the work The radical disconnect in Plaths writing is evident in the poem Cut (In the Middle, 188). OR (Rimbaud, In the Middle, 188).,Parenthetical Citations: Organization as Aut
26、hor,Often, an organization serves as the author: The National Council for Teachers of English state that students bring insider knowledge of youth culture and a passion for and investment in its texts and practices (5). OR Students bring insider knowledge of youth culture (National Council for the T
27、eachers of English 5).,Parenthetical Citations: How Often to Give Citations,When several facts in a row within one paragraph all come from the same page of a source, use one citation to cover them all. Place the citation after the last fact. The citation MUST be in the same paragraph as the facts!,W
28、ORKS CITED,List only those sources that you actually used. List the complete title of the article, essay, or book. Alphabetize your list by authors last names or the first main word in a title. Online sources usually follow the print format followed by the URL . (journals, newspapers, magazines, abs
29、tracts, books, reviews, scholarly projects or databases, etc.). Format Authors last name first Double-space Left Margin Indent second and third lines five spaces Most item separated by periods leave one space after ending punctuation. Place a period at the end of each entry.,WORKS CITED: Specific En
30、tries,Book: Author. Title. City: Publisher, date. Corti, Lillian. The Myth of Medea and the Murder of Children. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998. Article in a Magazine: Author. “Title of Article.” Title of Periodical Date: page(s). Gerard, Jeremy. “Review of Redwood Curtain.” Variety April 5, 199
31、3: p. 43.,WORKS CITED: Specific Entries,Article in a Newspaper: Author (if given). “Title of Article.” Title of Newspaper Complete date, section number or title: page(s). Kerr, Walter. “The Lives they Lived.” The New York Times 29 December 1996, late ed.: sec. 1: 53. Article or Story in a Collection
32、 of Anthology: Author. “Title.” Book Title. Editor. City: Publisher, date. Pages. Franklin, Benjamin. “The Speech of Miss Polly Baker.” Benjamin Franklin: The Autobiography and Other Writings. Ed. Kenneth Silverman. New York: Viking, 1986. 209-213.,WORKS CITED: Specific Entries,Article in a Scholarl
33、y Journal: Author. “Title of Article.” Journal Title Volume number (complete date): pages covered by article. Witham, Barry B. “Images of America.” Theatre Journal 34 (May 1982): 223-232. Encyclopedia “Title of Article.” Title of Encyclopedia. Year of the edition. “Plath, Sylvia.” Encyclopedia Brita
34、nnica. 2005 ed.,WORKS CITED: Specific Entries Electronic Sources,Direct E-Mail to You (Not a Discussion Group) Author of e-mail title or area of expertise, professional affiliation. “Subject line.” E-mail to the author (meaning you) date. Rushbrook, Sally poet. “For Goths Sake.” E-mail to the author
35、. 7 June 1999. Standalone Database or CD-ROM Author. “Title.” (or the heading of the material you read) Title of Entire Work publishing information of original, if known. Title of Database. Publication Medium. Vendor (if relevant). Electronic publication date. Good, Sarah. “Goth Tradition in Adolesc
36、ents.” Newsday 16 Mar. 1997 sec. Life: 1. Newsbank Newsday. CD-ROM. 1999.,WORKS CITED: Specific Entries Electronic Sources,Online Source or Website: NOTE - . Author or organization. “Title of section, if given.” Title of the Complete Work. Date of publication or last revision. Sponsoring organizatio
37、n if different from author. Date you viewed the site . Elder, Preston. “What is Goth?” G. 2000, 2001. G. 30 March 2006 . Posting to a Discussion Group: Author (not screen name). “Subject line of article.” Online posting. Date of posting. Group to which it was sent multiple group names separated by c
38、omma. Date you viewed it . Rushbrook, Sally. “Plath and Me.” Online posting. 7 June 2000. G. 6 March 2006. .,WORKS CITED: Special Cases,No Author: Alphabetize according to the first main word in the title, ignoring the articles a, an, and the. “Moonshot Tape.” Antaeus. Ed. Daniel Helpern. New York:
39、Ecco Press, 1991. Two or More Authors: Give the last name first for the first author only. Hall, David, Laura Henigman, and Lillian Corti. Worlds of Wonder, Days of Judgement. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1990.,WORKS CITED: Special Cases,More Work by Same Author: Use three hyphens and a peri
40、od (-.) in place of the authors name and alphabetize the works according to title. Wilson, Lanford. Day. New York: Dramatists Play Service, 1994. -. Sympathetic Magic. New York: Dramatists Play Service, 1998. -. Tally and Son. New York, Dramatists Play Service, 1995.,WORKS CITED: Special Cases,Radio
41、/Television Program: Speaker Name. Program Title. Company if known. Network and/or station call letters, city. Date of broadcast. Mangone, Carlo. Weekend Edition Saturday. Natl. Public Radio. KSMU, Springfield, MO. 31 May 1997. Video/DVD or Audio Recording: Author, Director, or Performer. Title. For
42、mat. Distributor, date. Frizell, Michael. I Hate Hamlet. DVD. Little Theatre Home Video, 2006.,WORKS CITED: Special Cases,Pamphlet: Follow the format for a book. If no date is listed, use n.d. Interview, Speech, or Lecture: Speakers name Speakers position. Type of presentation. Location, date. Jenki
43、ns, Jeff Owner and Creative Director, The Skinny Improv Theatre. Personal Interview. Springfield, MO. 29 March 2006.,Arrange of Thoughts New ideas expressed after a review of the old: This arrangement not only can express the authors ideas in proper sequence, but also conforms the reading expectatio
44、n of readers (so that their thoughts do not break) The use of land, water and minerals has increased more than tenfold during the past two centuries. Future increases in population and economic development will intensify this pressure. * Major environmental changes varying from disruption of local e
45、cosystems to disturbance of the biosphere are the likely cumulative impacts of human activities. ,The third sentence of the passage should be changed into: The cumulative impacts of human activities are likely to lead to major environmental changes, varying from disruption of local ecosystems to dis
46、turbance of the biosphere.,Use of Active Voice and Passive Voice The fact that such processes are under strict stereo-electronic control is demonstrated by our work in this.(18 words) Our work in this area demonstrates that such processes are under strict stereo-electronic control. (14 words) Subjec
47、ts of sentences should be clear and coherent logically, change of voices in the same sentence should be avoided so as not to make the sentence lengthy or circuitous,These vugs carry no gold and the tenor of the vein has not been affected by them. These vugs carry no gold and do not affect the tenor
48、of the vein.,Avoid Dangling modifier Dangling modifier refers to the case that the verb phrase has nothing to do with the subject of the sentence, namely, there is inconsistency between the logic subject of the verb prase and the subject of the main clause. Wrong: Using the procedure described previ
49、ously, the partition function can be evaluated. Right : Using the procedure described previously, we can evaluate the partition function.,Wrong : When confronted with these limitations, the experiments were discontinued. Right : When confronted with these limitations, we discontinued the experiments. Wrong: After determining the mapping of Ai from L1to Lp, the next array dimension can be processed in the same way. Right: After determining the ma