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1、,GENERAL REVISION,Adj. adv.,用以修饰名词，表示事物的特征的词。e.g. long, empty, cheap, hungry, etc.,什么叫形容词?,在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分,e.g. He is a good student. I have something important to tell you.,当形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every- 构成的不定代词时,形容词要放在这些 不定代词的之后. e.g.,Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper ?,作定语,The tr
2、ees turn green in spring. We are alone on the island.,只能作表语，不能作定语的形容词 你能说出几个？,alone afraid awake asleep alive able (特点：以a打头),作表语,形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语e.g.,We must keep the classroom clean.,He made us happy.,作宾语补足语,Colour it green.,形容词在句子中位置几点说明,(1)作定语时放在名词的前面,且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。如：a big yellow wooden wheel(一个黄
3、色的大木轮),(2)后置的情况： 修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如：Something serious has happened to him.(他发生了严重的事故) 与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。如：Hes 1.8 metres tall.(他身高1.8米。)The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球离地38万公里),Lets fill in the blanks,形容词的比较级和最高级构成,规则变化,不规则变化,taller harder larger wider,tallest ha
4、rdest largest widest,bigger hotter fatter wetter,biggest hottest fattest wettest,happier drier earlier,happiest driest earliest,narrower cleverer,narrowest cleverest,more difficult more popular more slowly,most difficult most popular most slowly,少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词可加-er或-est,规则变化,better,best,worse,wor
5、st,less,more,most,farther/further,older/elder,least,farthest/furthest,oldest/eldest,不规则变化,巧记： 特殊形式比较级 共有三对二合一 坏病两多并两好 little意思不是小 一分为二有两个 一是老来二是远,用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或名词词组及句子的词，用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词 e.g.,什么叫副词?,very, early, out, soon, quickly, etc.,几类副词,副词的用法,副词作状语_解释1,时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾
6、注意：early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾, already、just一般放在动词的前面。 如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.(我们明天要去参观长城) They have already been to the UK twice.(他们去过英王国两次) Soon the lost boy found his way back home.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路),副词作状语_解释2,频度副词：一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间,但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放
7、在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句尾。 如：Sometimes I get up early.(我有时起得早) The workers usually have lunch at the factory.(工人们通常在厂里吃午饭) Take this medicine twice a day.(这种药一天吃两次),副词作状语_解释3,方式副词：一般放在行为动之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。 如：Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样
8、快) Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞).(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看见了一丝亮光),副词作状语_解释4,地点副词：一般放在句尾,但here、there还可放在句首。 如：There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).(在那里,你可以看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动) The frightened wolf ran away.(受到惊吓的狼逃开了) He walked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出
9、去,很快又返回),副词作状语_解释5,程度副词：修饰动词时,放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。但注意,enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面；only位置比较灵活,总是放在被修饰的词的前面。 如：I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告诉我,我几乎把那事全忘了) It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵) She got to the station early enoug
10、h to catch the first bus.(她早早地赶到车站赶上了首班车),副词作状语_解释6,疑问副词：用于对句子的状语进行提问,位置总是在句首。 如：When and where were you born?(你何时何地出生？) Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小爱迪生为什么要坐在鸡蛋上？) How do you do?(你好！),副词作状语_解释7,连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作状语。 How I am going to kill the cat is still a question.(我打算怎样杀死那
11、只猫还是个问题) That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因) He wondered how he could do it the next day.(他不知道第二天怎样做那事),副词作状语_解释8,关系副词：用来引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。 如：This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.(这就是张先生曾经住过的地方) Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.(请告诉我你的英语是怎样学得这么好
12、的方法),副词作状语_解释9,其它副词：too“也”,用在句尾；also放在动词前；either “也不”,放在句尾；nor“也不”,放在句首；so“如此,这样”,放在形容词、副词前；on/off“开/关”放在动词之后；not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前；maybe/perhaps放在句首；certainly放在句首或动词之前。 如：He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too.(他去了故宫博物院,我也去了) Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.(也许你的票就在你的里边衣袋里
13、) -Tom doesnt have a computer. Nor do I.(汤姆没有计算机,我也没有。),副词作表语,作表语：地点副词一般可以作表语,放在be等连系动词之后,说明人物所处的位置 如：Im very sorry he isnt in at the moment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家) I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我离开家乡有将近20年了) Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那边),副词作定语,作定语：时间副词(如now、then)以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语,放在名词的后面
14、。 如：People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.(现在的人们经常在餐馆里吃节日晚宴) Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世纪20年代那儿的女人过着可怕的日子),副词作宾语补足语,作宾语补足语：地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。 如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆,把你的脏袜子拿开！它们在散发着臭气。) Father kept him in a
15、nd doing his lessons.(父亲把他关在家里做作业),副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同.e.g.,形容记的最高级前要用定冠词the,副词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词the.,Attentions（注意）,Mount Qomolangma is the highest in the world.,Jim jumped (the) highest of the all.,fast-faster-fastest slowly- more slowly most slowly,形容词/副词原级的常用句型,He is very old now.,The we
16、ather looks rather bad.,They ran quite fast.,主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 + (very/too/so/quite/rather) + 形容词/副词原级 +.,I am so happy!,形容词/副词原级的常用句型,Tom is as tall as Mike.,as+形容词原形+as,There are as many students in our school as yours.,Tom is three times as old as Mike.,Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lad
17、y.,否定 not as+形容词原形+as “和 不一样” 或 not so+形容词原形+as “不及不如,Tom is not as tall as Mike.,Tom is not so tall as Mike.,This truck is big enough to carry 5 tons.,so+ 形容词原级+that丛句 such+名词that丛句,He is so big that he cant enter the room by the door ., too+原级+ to do sth.,He is too young to join the army.,形容词原级+ e
18、nough to do sth.,(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than,形容词比较级的常用句型,This bridge is longer than that one.,Our school is larger than theirs.,A modern train is much faster than a car.,This book didnt cost me more than that one.,less+ (多音节形/副)比较级 +than,形容词比较级的常用句型,Do you think it less important to le
19、arn a foreign language?,I think English is less difficult than maths.,表示两者之间的选择，可使用“Which is+ 比较级，or?”,表示不及另一方时，使用“less+原级+than”,Which is longer, this one or that?,This park is less beautiful than that one.,“The+比较级，the+比较级”,“比较级+and+比较级”,The smaller the house is, the less it will cost us the heat.,
20、In spring, the days are getting longer and longer.,one of the+最高级+名词复数,形容词最高级的常用句型,最高级+of (in),This is/ was the最高级+名词+that定语从句,Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century.,This is the worst film that I have seen these years.,Of all the movie stars, I think Zhang Ziyi is the best.,形容词重要注释,whol
21、e与all： 记住两个词序： the whole + 名词； all (of) the + 名词。 如：He was busy the whole morning.(整个早晨他都很忙) He can remember all the words he learns.(他能记住学过的所有单词),形容词重要注释,tall与high, short与low： 指人的个子时用tall与short； 指其他事物时一般用high与low。 如：Hes very tall/short.(他个子高/矮) Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.(
22、大道的两侧有高大的树木) A few people live on high mountains.(少量的人住在高山上),形容词重要注释,real与true： real一般指东西的真假,译为“真的”； 而true则指事情或消息的可靠性,译为“真实的”。 如：This is a real diamond(钻石) and its very expensive.(这是货真价实的钻石,非常贵) -Is that true?Yes. I heard it with my own ears.(那真实吗？ 是的,我亲耳所听),形容词重要注释,interested与interesting的区别： intere
23、sting指人或东西“有趣的”,作定语或表语, 而interested则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的”,只能作表语。 如：The man is very interesting and all the children like him. (这个人很有趣,孩子们都喜欢他) This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself.(这本书很有趣,你会真正获得享受) I am interested in science.(我对自然科学感兴趣),形容词重要注释,such用法： such + a(n) + 名词(单数)(+that从句)。 如
24、：I have never seen such a foolish(愚蠢的) boy.(我从来没有见过这么蠢的男孩) He had such a terrible accident that he could never forget it.(他遭遇了这么可怕的事故,他永远也不会忘记),形容词重要注释,good与well： 表示“好”时,作定语或表语用good, 作状语用well；表示“(身体)好”时用well. 如：Doing sports is good for us.(进行运动对我们有益) Study well and make progress every day.(好好学习,天天向上
25、) -How are you?I am very well.(你好吗？我很好。),形容词重要注释,nice与fine：的区别： nice表示令人愉快的,可以指东西、人物外表等； fine一般指身体或天气好。 如：Lets go and share(分享) the nice cake.(我们去分享那块美味的蛋糕吧) She is a nice girl.(他是个漂亮的姑娘) What a fine day!(多好的天气！) Hes fine recently(最近).(近来他身体不错),形容词重要注释,too much与much too： too much表示“太多的”,修饰事物数量； much
26、 too表示“太过,过分”,修饰形容词或副词。 如：I am full because I have had too much rice.(我饱了,因为我吃了太多的米饭) That coat is much too dear.(那件大衣太贵了),形容词重要注释,quick、fast与soon： quick与fast基本同义, quick往往指反应速度快, fast往往指运动速度快, 而soon则表示时间上很快即将发生。 如：After a quick breakfast, he hurried to school leaving his bag at home.(匆匆地吃过早饭,他朝学校赶去,
27、却把书包忘记在家) A train is much faster than a bus.(火车比公共汽车快得多) His father will be back to China very soon.(他父亲很快就要返回中国),形容词重要注释,lonely与alone： lonely是表示心理活动的形容词,意思是：“孤独的,寂寞的”,作定语或表语； alone的意思是：“独自的,单独的”,指无人陪伴,仅作表语,(作为副词的alone可作状语)。 如：He lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely.(他一人独住,但是并不感到孤独) He is a lonely
28、person. You can not easily get on well with him.(他是个孤独的人,你要和他相处好实在不易),形容词重要注释,other与else的区别：两个词都可以作形容词,但是用法不同, other放在名词前； else修饰不定代词、疑问词、little、much,后置, 另外,or else表示“否则”,是连词。 如：The other students are on the playground.(其他学生在操场上) Who else can work out this maths problem?(还有谁能解出着道数学题？) This is nobody
29、 elses money. Its mine.(这不是别的什么人的钱,是我的。) Do you have anything else to say for yourself?(你还有什么要为自己说的吗？,形容词重要注释,special与especial的区别： 表示事件不同寻常、过分或特殊时,两个词可互换,但special较为常用。 另外,special还可以表示特别的目的。 如： She pays (e)special attention to clothes.(她非常注重着装) These are special chairs for small children.(这些是专门给小孩子的椅
30、子),形容词重要注释,gone、lost、missing的区别： gone表示“丢了,没了”,含一去不复返的意思,也可以表示“死了”,作表语或宾补,不可以作定语； lost表示“丢失”,含难以找回的意思,可作定语、表语或宾补； missing表示“失踪了,不见了”,强调某人物不在原处,可作定语、表语或宾补。 如：My fever(高烧) is gone, but I still have a cough.(发烧消退了,但我仍然咳嗽) The parents found the lost child at last.(家长终于找到了迷路的孩子) My dictionary is missing.
31、Whos taken it away?(我的字典不见了,谁拿走了？) For more detailed information(详情) of the missing girls, please visit our website(网址).(如果想知道失踪女孩们的详情,请访问我们的网站),形容词重要注释,living、alive、live、lively的区别：四个词都来源于动词live“生活、居住”。 living读liviN有三个意思：“活着的、现存的”,作表语或定语,“一模一样的、逼真的”,相当于lively,意思是“强烈的、活泼的”； live读laiv,指东西“活的”,可以替换为liv
32、ing； alive读laiv作表语,指人“活着的”,如果作定语,则放在名词的后面； lively读laivli有三个意思：有生气的、活泼的、快活的,(色彩)鲜艳的,生动的、真实的。 例如：A living language should be learned orally(口头上).(活的语言应该从口头上学)(被动句) We have a living hope that you will succeed.(我们强烈地希望你能成功) Is she still alive?(她还活着吗？) They are the happiest children alive.(他们是活着的最开心的孩子)
33、This is a live fish.(这是条活鱼) A live wire(电线) is dangerous.(有电的电线是危险的) She is as lively as a kitten(小猫).(她像小猫一样可爱) He gave a lively description of the football match.(他生动地描述了那场足球赛),形容词重要注释,sick与ill区别：sick和ill都表示“生病的”,但是, sick可以做定语、表语, 而ill只能做表语。 如：He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very we
34、ak now.(他病了很久,现在非常虚弱) Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets owners like them.(兽医帮助诊治患病的宠物,很受宠物主人们的喜爱),形容词重要注释,the poor(穷人们) / the rich(富人们)等用法： “the+形容词”这一结构可以表示一类人物,复数含义。 如：We must try our best to help the poor.(我们应该尽力帮助穷人们) The rich never know how the poor are living.(有钱人哪知穷人怎么过日子),副词重要注释
35、,asas常构成一些词组： as soon as(一旦就), as well as(同样), as+形容词/副词+as possible(尽可能地)。 如：Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing.(请你一到北京就给我写信。) Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly as possible.(高小姐尽快地赶到了校门口。) 注释 “as long / much as + 名词”可以表示“长达/多达”的含义。 如：The house costs as much as five hundred
36、 thousand yuan.(那幢房子花费高达50万元。) They stayed in the cave(山洞)as long as two weeks.(他们呆在山洞里长达两周。),副词重要注释,later、after、ago、before的用法： “一段时间+later/ago”分别表示“(多久)以后/以前”,主要用于过去时态。 “after/before+某个时刻”分别表示“在某时刻之后/之前”,此时两个词是介词。 ago与before：ago只能用于过去时,before用于完成时。 如：He had an accident a week ago.(一周前出了一个事故) Some y
37、ears later, the boy became a very famous singer.(数年后这个男孩成了著名的歌唱家) Have you been there before?(你从前到过那儿吗？) After a few years he gave up smoking.(过了几年他戒了烟。),副词重要注释,above、below、over、under的用法： 在上下方用above和below, 在高低处用over和under. 如：The stars are high above in the sky.(星星高挂在空中) A plane flew over quickly.(一架
38、飞机从头顶飞过。) 【注释】当above、below、over、under是介词性质时,意义相似。,副词重要注释,too、also、either、nor的用法： too(“也”)用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾,且用逗号隔开； also(“也”)用于肯定句句子谓语动词之前； either(“也”)用于否定句末尾,也用逗号隔开； nor(“也不”)用于倒装句句首； 如：Are you American,too?(你也是美国人吗？) He is not happy and I am not happy, either.(他不愉快,我也不。) He didnt watch the football game
39、. Nor did I.(他没有看足球赛,我也没有。) You can also find the market is very good.(你还可以发觉那个市场很好。),副词重要注释,enough、too、so、very、quite、very much的用法： enough (“足够,十分”)放在形容词或副词之后； too(“太”)、very(“非常”)、quite(“相当”)、so(“如此地”)等放在形容词或副词之前, very much(“非常”)放在动词之后。 如：Its too/so/very/quite expensive.(它太贵/那么贵/非常贵/相当贵。) I dont lik
40、e sweets very much.(我不很喜欢糖果) 注意 very与 much的区别： very修饰形容词、副词的原级和现在分词形容词, much修饰形容词和副词的比较级； much还可以修饰疑问句和否定句中的动词,very不可以。 如：He is very stupid.(他很笨) The film was very moving and everyone swept.(电影非常动人,大家都哭了) You must work much harder or you will fail to enter the good school.(你得学习更努力,不然你考不进那所好学校) I don
41、t like him much.(我不太喜欢他),副词重要注释,sometimes、 sometime、 some times 、some time的用法： sometimes(有时)用于一般现在时 sometime(在将来某时)用于将来时 some times(数次)表示次数 some time(一些时间)表示一段时间。 如：Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.(他们有时徒步旅行到山里去) I will stay here some time.(我会在这儿呆些时候的。) I will meet your father sometime.(我什么
42、时候要见见你的父亲。),副词重要注释,how、what用于感叹句的用法： 对句子中的形容词或副词感叹时用how, 对人或事物(可能含有形容词作修饰语)进行感叹用what. 如：What a fine day (it is) today!(今天天气真好！) How difficult (the problem is)!(问题)真难呀！),副词重要注释,already、yet的用法： 在完成时中,already一般用于肯定句, yet一般用于否定句和疑问句。 如：Have you done it already?(你已经做好了？) I have not had my breakfast yet.(
43、我还没有吃早饭呢。),副词重要注释,hard与hardly的用法： hard作为副词意思是：“努力地,猛烈地”, hardly是否定词,意思是：“几乎不”,一般与情态动词can/could连用。 如：They study English very hard.(他们英语学得很刻苦) You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.(在公共场所你几乎看不到一个人随地吐痰),副词重要注释,like.very much、like.better(=prefer)、like.best的用法： 三个短语分别表示“非常喜欢”、“更喜欢”、“最喜欢”。 如：
44、I like baseball very much.(我非常喜欢棒球) Do you like butter better than cheese? They like hamburgers best.,副词重要注释,“quite/what+a+形容词+名词”的用法：记住： quite/such/what.+a+形容词+名词; too/so/how+形容词+a+名词; rather+a+形容词+名词 = a+ rather+形容词+名词。 如：I have never seen such a strange guy(家伙).(我从未见过这样奇怪的家伙) It is quite a nice d
45、ay for a walk.(这真是散步的好日子),副词重要注释,how 的几个短语： how often“多常,每隔多久”,用于一般时态,对表示频度的词语进行提问； how soon“多久以后”,用于将来时态； how long“多久”,用于过去时、完成时或其他时态； how many times“多少次”,用于过去时或完成时,对总计次数进行提问； how much“多么,多少”,对程度进行提问,也可以对数量(不可数)或金钱进行提问。 如：How long have you been like this?(你这样已经多久了？) How often does he wash his face?
46、(他每隔多久洗一次脸？),副词重要注释,much、more与most的用法：这三个词除了是形容词作名词的修饰语之外,还是程度副词, much表示“很”,修饰原级形/副, more表示“更”用来构成多音节形/副的比较级, most表示“最”用来构成多音节形/副的最高级。 此外,much也可以修饰比较级形/副。 如：This park is much more beautiful than that one.(这个公园比那个漂亮多了) It is the most instructive film I have ever seen.(这是我看过的最有教育意义的电影),副词重要注释,no more、
47、no longer、not.any more、no.any longer的用法： 表示时间,可以用no longer、not.ny more、no.any longer,而且no longer只能放在谓语动词之前； 表示程度,可以用no more、not.any more. 如：He no longer lived there.(他不再住在那里) Tom wanted no more cakes.(他不想再要蛋糕) He didn t smoke any more/longer.(他不再抽烟),副词重要注释,被动语态中,方式副词一般放在be与谓语动词之间。 如： The runner was
48、badly hurt.(赛跑运动员受了重伤) English is widely spoken in the world today.(如今世界上英语说得很广泛),副词重要注释,too.to.与so.that.的问题： 副词too/so后面跟形容词或副词,to后面跟动词,that后面跟从句。 Too.to. (“太.以致不”)是否定的结构,用于简单句； so.that.(“如此以致”)是肯定结构,用于复合句。 如：The child is too young to join the army.(这孩子年龄太小还不能参军) He is so strong that he can lift the
49、 heavy box.(他这么强壮,搬得动那个重箱子。),副词重要注释,既是形容词也是副词的单词有：early, late, long, last, next, first, near, enough, much, all, hard, alone, fast, slow, high, low, straight等等。 如：It was a long holiday.(那是个长假) He stayed there very long.(他在那儿呆了好久) Think hard then you will find a way.(好好想你就会找到办法) He is a very hard(难对付的) person.(他是个难玩的家伙),副词重要注释,farther与further的用法区别： 表示地点、方向或距离时两个词同义,意思为“更远、较远”, 但是further还表示“更多、进一步、额外”等意思,此时不能换为farther. 如：They decided to go farther/further the next day.(他们决定第二天走得再远些)