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1、Unit 2 Robots（2）重点单词1affection (n.)喜爱；爱；感情affect(vt.)影响；感动effect(n.)结果；作 用；影响2part-time (adj.)兼职的fulltime(adj.)全部时间的；专任的；全职的3junior(adj.)较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的(n.)年少者；晚辈；等级 较低者senior (adj.)年长的；资历较老的；地位较高的；高级的4talent (n.)天才；特殊能力；才干talented(adj.)有才能的；天才的5theory(n.)理论theoretical (adj.)理论上的6obey (vt.& vi.)服从；
2、顺从disobey(vt.& vi.)不服从；违抗7assessment (n.)评价；评定assess(vt.)评价；评定；估价；估定重要短语1将放到一边 set aside2从那时起 from then on3除之外(还)，也；和 as well as4. 一定做 be bound to5. 获得硕士学位 gain a masters degree6. 认真对待某人/某事物 take sb. /sth. seriously关键句型Among his most famous works of science fiction, one for which he won an award was
3、 the Foundation trilogy(19511953), three novels about the death and rebirth of a great empire in a galaxy of the future.1. set aside 将放在一边；为节省或保留(钱或时间) This problem is a little difficult so we should set it aside. 这个问题有点难，因此，我们应把它放在一边。 Now most of middleaged couples have to set aside some money for
4、the future.现在大多数中年夫妇不得不为将来存一些钱。【归纳拓展】set off出发；起程；引爆set about 着手/开始做(后接名词、动名词)set out出发；开始做(后接不定式)set down放下；记下set up建立；树立；搭起set.back使推迟；耽误set forth出发；动身；起程；阐明；陈述【跟踪典例】Traditionally，college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they _ on their life journey.Agive upBsettl
5、e downCget through Dset off【答案】D give up放弃；settle down定居，(使)安静下来；get through完成，读完，通过，用完；set off出发，(使)开始，引起。句意：依照惯例，为激励自己，大学生在踏上人生旅程之前会举行一场毕业典礼。根据句意应选D项。2. staff n全体员工；手杖 vt.给配备职员 Its a small hospital with a staff of just over a hundred. 这是一家小医院，只有一百多名员工。 Our hospital is staffed with 30 doctors.我们医院有
6、30名医生。注意：staff作主语时，若看作整体，则谓语动词用单数；若看作个体，则谓语动词用复数。 The staff in this company is high in quality.这家公司的员工素质很高。 The staff in this shop are ready to help others.这家店里员工乐于助人。【跟踪典例】完成句子Tom_ _ _(成为员工)in 1998.The company is small_ _ _ _(有员工)60.The old man can walk only with the help of a _ _(拐杖)【答案】joined the
7、 staff with a staff of walking staff3. junior adj.较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的 n年少者；晚辈；等级较低者 He is the champion of the world junior diving championship. 他是世界少年组跳水锦标赛的冠军。 I was the most junior person in my company.我在公司资历最浅。 He is my junior by three years.他比我小三岁。【归纳拓展】be junior to比资历浅/地位低be senior to比资历深/地位高【图解助记
8、】 junior，senior，superior等本身含有比较的意味，故没有比较级和最高级；表示比较时，不与than而与to搭配。 Though Jack looks younger than Ann, hes senior to her. 虽然杰克看上去比安年轻，但他比她年长。【跟踪典例】Hes junior _ his sister _ two years.A. by ; to B. in ; to C. to ; by D. by ; by【答案】C 句意：他比姐姐小两岁。be junior to sb. by比某人小几岁。结合语境，故选C。4. talent n天才；才干；特殊能力；有
9、才能的人 He showed considerable talent for getting what he wanted. 他很有天资，能够心想事成。 There is a wealth of young talents in British theatre. 英国戏剧界青年一代人才辈出。【归纳拓展】have a talent for.有的天赋talented adj.天才的；有才能的gift n天赋；天才；才能gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的【完成句子】He _ _ _ _ _ _(极有音乐天赋)She is _ _ _(天才的艺术家)She shows talent _ _ _(
10、善交朋友)【答案】has a great talent for musica talented artistfor making friends5. Among his most famous works of science fiction, one for which he won an award was the Foundation trilogy(19511953), three novels about the death and rebirth of a great empire in a galaxy of the future. 在他那些极负盛名的科幻小说中，有一部获奖作品叫
11、做基地三部曲(19511953)，有三个小故事，讲 的是未来银河系中一个伟大帝国的灭亡与复兴。 主句的主语是代词one，谓语是was, the Foundation trilogy(19511953)是表语。for which引导的定语从句修饰one。three novels about the death and rebirth of a great empire in a galaxy of the future是the Foundation trilogy(19511953)的同位语。代词one在句中起替代作用。如： A bridge made of stone lasts longer
12、 than one made of wood. 用石头建的桥比用木头建的桥持续的时间要长。【易混辨析】it, one, that, thoseit通常用来指代上文提到过的那个事物，表示特指概念，即指代同一物one表示泛指概念，替代可数名词的单数形式。其复数形式ones也表示泛指概念，用来替代可数名词的复数形式。the one(s)也是替代可数名词，但表示特指概念that既可以用来指代可数名词单数，又可以用来指代不可数名词，表示特指概念，相当于the名词结构those替代上文提到的人或物中特指的那些，替代可数名词复数【跟踪典例】用恰当代词填空(2015真题改编天津)The quality of
13、education in this small school is better than _ in some larger schools.(真题改编浙江)Half of _ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.【答案】that句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the quality of education，故用代词that。 those本题考查代词的用法。句意：在那
14、些16个国家的被调查者中有一半说他们首先要去找他 们最亲密的朋友去分享他们最深刻的愿望和最隐秘的恐惧。分析结构可知，此处要用代词指代那 些被调查者。此处为特指，用those相当于the ones。.单词拼写1Its difficult to_the effects of these changes.2This bridge over the river has a steel_(结构)3Mrs. Cook_(离婚) her husband.4This book is a carefully documented_(传记)5The_(员工)in this shop are very helpfu
15、l.6As a_(晚辈) ，we should respect the old.7If you love me，you will_(遵守)what I command.8My_(兼职的)job has nothing to do with my major.9How_(荒谬的) of you to do that!10The singer was_on the piano by her sister.用所给短语的适当形式填空in public set off carry out from then on be based on make comments onbecome infected w
16、ith set asidein all be bound to1He _come, for he is always keep his word.2Dont_that kind of task which will do harm to others.3Recently many buildings in Afganistan have been_by terrorists.4I warned them not to do it, but my objection was _.5The doctor happened to_HIV when operating on a patient.6We
17、 have 13 subjects to learn_.7His theory_the facts.8Though the girl was shy, her parents managed to make her speak_.9_she has performed in several films.10Dont_anything if you know nothing about it.完成句子1他过去对这项工作非常认真。He_this work very_in the past.2他是在雨停的时候出去的。_ _ _it stopped raining_he went out.3由于他这次
18、历史性的飞行，他成为了一个国际英雄和传奇人物。_ _ _ _his historic flight he became an international hero and legend.4我们最终一定会成功。 We_ _ _succeed in the end.5我失业时我父亲帮我摆脱困难。 My father _ _ _ when I lost my job.阅读理解Claude Sammut, a professor of computer science and engineering at the University of New South Wales in Australia,
19、said it would soon be possible for robots to defeat the stars of the future.For many years, Mr Sammut has been a member of a project called RoboCup, where robots have been programmed to learn how to play football and compete against others in a football match.As he explains, the robots are having di
20、fficulty in learning how to control the ball and move the ball on their own, but he is still full of confidence that one day in the future they will show the same skills as Wayne Rooney, who is one of the best football players in the world.Mr Sammut also said，In 1968, John McCarthy and Donald Michie
21、 made a bet with David Levy, who was then the chess champion in Scotland, that within 10 years a computer program would be able to beat him. It took a little bit longer than 10 years (nearly 30 years) but eventually such programs came into being.In the same spirit of a grand challenge, RoboCup aims
22、to develop a team of robots that can defeat the world soccer champion team by the year 2050. To achieve this, or come even closer to the ambition, the robots will have to be able to sense and act in completely unstructured environments. This will require major advances in perception(感知), decision ma
23、king, learning, and cooperative behaviors. Considering robots are integrated hardware and software systems, great advances will also be needed in sensors (传感器) , energy storage, and materials.1The RoboCup is aimed to develop robots that know how to _.Aplay computer football gamesBplay football and w
24、in in real matchesCunderstand the rules of the football gameDimprove the skills of real football players2What kind of difficulties are the robots facing in playing football?AThey cant run as fast as real people.BThey cant recognize their partners accurately.CThey cant control the ball well by themse
25、lves.DThey cant pass the ball to their partners.3The idea of designing a computer program that could defeat a chess champion came forth _.Ain 1968 Bin 1978Cin the 1990sD30 years ago4Whats the best title for this passage?AScientists Wisdom in Designing Robot Football PlayersBRobot Football Players to
26、 Beat the Worlds Best Team by 2050CRobot Football Players Bright FutureDMr Sammutthe Father of Robot Football Players. 短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改仅限1词；2只允许修改10处，多者
27、(从第11处起)不计分。During my winter vacation , I spend my lucky money on a special gift for Grandma. One Friday afternoon, I went to a cellphone store and chose a large button phone special designed for seniors. I gave them to my grandma when I came to visit her at the weekend. Upon receive the phone , Gra
28、ndma was very happy and eager learn how to use it. I had patiently explained all the important functions she needed. Grandma learned carefully but wanted to have a try straight away .Under my help, she successfully called her good friend .That afternoon Grandma proudly told the neighbor that she cou
29、ld make calls with the new phone I bought her. They all praised what thoughtful I was.1（2016浙江）In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from in the UK.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it2（2013湖北）In much of the animal world, night is the time _ for sleeppure and simple.A.set aside B.set d
30、own C.set offD.set up3. （2015湖北）He gave himself a new name to hide his _ when he went to carry out the secret task.A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasureK基础.单词拼写1.assess 2.framework 3.divorced 4.biography 5staff6.junior 7.obey 8.parttime 9.absurd 10accompanied.用所给短语的适当形式填空1.is bound to 2.carry
31、 out 3.set off 4.set aside 5.become infected with6.in all 7.is based on8.in public 9From then on10.make comments on.完成句子1.took；seriously 2.It was when; that 3.As a result of4are bound to 5.helped me outK能力.阅读理解【文章大意】本文介绍了未来的足球队，它们在2050年有可能打败人类最好的足球队。1. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段.where robots have been program
32、med to learn how to play football and compete against others in a football match.可知应选B。2. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段.the robots are having difficulty in learning how to control the ball and move the ball on their own.可知应选C。3. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段In 1968，John McCarthy and Donald Michie made a bet with David Levy
33、, who was then the chess champion in Scotland.可知应选A。4. B【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲的是机器人足球队在2050年可能会打败人类最好的足球队，故B项能体现文章的大意。. 短文改错 During my winter vacation , I my lucky money on a special gift for Grandma. One Friday afternoon, I went to a cellphone store and chose a large button phone designed for seniors. I g
34、ave to my grandma when I came to visit her at the weekend. Upon the phone , Grandma was very happy and eager learn how to use it. I had patiently explained all the important functions she needed. Grandma learned carefully wanted to have a try straight away. my help, she successfully called her good
35、friend .That afternoon Grandma proudly told the that she could make calls with the new phone I bought her .They all praised thoughtful I was.K真题1.A【解析】考查代词。句意:美国的教育体系与英国的教育体系在很多方面差异性不大。根据句意可知,空 格处可以填入the education system,故可以用that来代替。2.A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:在很多动物世界里,夜晚完全是用来睡觉的时间。pure and simple表示完全是,不折不扣是。set aside表示留出,拨出(时间等),符合句意。set down写下;set off出 发,引起;set up建立。3. C 【解析】句意：当他去执行那项秘密任务的时候，他给自己起了一个新名字，以隐藏自己的身份。emotion情感；talent才能；identity身份；treasure财富，财产。11