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1、Unit 09 Who Killed Benny Paret?,Background information,Boxing in the United States Until late in the 19th cent., American fighters established their own rules, which were few. Early matches, some of them free-for-alls, featured biting and gouging(欺诈) as well as punching. In most instances they were
2、also illegal. In 1888, John L. Sullivan, a bare-knuckle champion and Americas first sports celebrity, won a clandestine (秘密的) 75-round match.,Background information,New York legalized boxing in 1896, and other states soon followed suit. Although the reign (191015) of the first African-American heavy
3、weight champion, Jack Johnson, disturbed the segregated society of the time, and although many continued to question boxings social purpose, its inclusion in the Olympic games in 1904, its use for military training in World War I, its emergence as a source of discipline for youth, its regulation by
4、state commissions, and its suggestion of national vitality,Background information,strengthened its claims to legitimacy li5dVitimsi (合法性) and bolstered 5bulst (支持) its popularity through the 1920s and 30s. Heavyweight (over 190 lb/86.3 kg) champions Jack Dempsey (191926) and Joe Louis (193749) were
5、national heroes, Louis becoming one of the first black athletes to gain wide popularity.,Background information,Since World War II, boxing has proceeded amid corruption and, at times, chaos. Rising admission prices, restriction of title fights to closed-circuit television, the proliferation pru9lif5
6、reiFn of organizations claiming to sanction fights and proclaim champions, financial scandals, ring injuries and deaths, monopolistic practices by promoters, and claims of exploitation of lower-class fighters have threatened its appeal, yet the sport continues to attract huge audiences and investmen
7、t. Great fighters like Muhammad Ali elicit admiration and fascination, while controversy surrounds others like the repeatedly imprisoned Mike Tyson. Lennox Lewis is generally regarded as the current world heavyweight champion.,Background information,Amateur Boxing Amateur boxing, while not free from
8、 debate, has in recent decades taken steps to ensure safety and objective judging. The Golden Gloves national tournament has long been a stepping stone for young fighters, but the Olympics are the most visible forum for amateurs. Olympic boxers wear eight-ounce gloves and padded head gear and fight
9、just three rounds of three min. Judges use electronic devices to record the scoring punches that determine the winner.,Background information,The rules of a boxing match (From Text III) The rules which now govern professional boxing were issued by the British Board of Control in 1929. For championsh
10、ips the ring is from 14 to 20 feet square and the gloves weigh 6 ounces. Fifteen rounds of 3 minutes duration are fought, with a minute interval between each. The bout is won by a blow to the chin, heart, or solar plexus which knocks out the opponent for not less than 10 seconds or a boxer may win o
11、n “points”, which are scored for the number of blows or style of fighting. The winner of each round is given 5 points, the loser whatever proportion to this total he has earned. Points are scored for clean hits with the closed glove of either hand, and for skilful defensive work. Where two men are o
12、therwise equal, the attacker benefits. Each boxer has a second (拳击员助手) whose duty it is to look after him between rounds, cooling him with a towel, sponging his face, and giving him advice it is an old boxing saying that a good second is half the battle.,Background information,The writer: Norman Cou
13、sins (1912-*), editor of The Saturday Review (1940- ), in which he expresses his humanitarian concern with democratic ideals, international understanding and world unity. His books include The Democratic Chance (1942), Who Speaks for Man? (1952), and The Last Defense in a Nuclear Age (1960). 2. The
14、Saturday Review: (1924- ) An American weekly journal, until 1952 subtitled of literature, still emphasizes book reviews and literary comment, but also deals with drama, recorded music, motion pictures, photography, travel, education and science. Editors have been Canby (1924-36), De Voto (1936-8, Ge
15、orge Stevens (1938-40), and Norman Cousins (1940- ). The present article first appeared in the magazine on 5th May, 1962.,Background information,4.The Death of Benny Paret The following account is entitled The Death of Benny Paret by Norman Mailer who watched the welterweight (次中量级拳击手) championship
16、fight between Benny Paret and Emile Griffith as he sat at ringside the fateful night of March 25, 1962, the night of Parets last fight. Paret was a Cuban, a proud club fighter who had become welterweight champion because of his unusual ability to take a punch. His style of fighting was to take three
17、 punches to the head in order to give back two. At the end of ten rounds, he would still be bouncing, his opponent would have a headache. But in the last two years, over the fifteen-round fights, he had started to take some bad maulings.,Background information,This fight had its turns. Griffith won
18、most of the early rounds, but Paret knocked Griffith down in the sixth. Griffith had trouble getting up, but made it, came alive and was dominating Paret again before the round was over. Then Paret began to wilt. In the middle of the eighth round, after a clubbing punch had turned his back to Griffi
19、th, Paret walked three disgusted steps away, showing his hindquarters. For a champion, he took much too long to turn back around. It was the first hint of weakness Paret had ever shown, and it must have inspired a particular shame, because he fought the rest of the fight as if he were seeking to dem
20、onstrate that he could take more punishment than any man alive. In the twelfth, Griffith caught him. Paret got trapped in a corner. Trying to duck away, his left arm and his head became tangled on the wrong side of the top rope. Griffith was in like a cat ready to rip the life out of a huge boxed ra
21、t. He hit him eighteen right hands in a row, an act which took perhaps three or four seconds, Griffith making a pent-up whimpering.,Background information,sound all the while he attacked, the right hand whipping like a piston rod which has broken through the crankcase, or like a baseball bat demolis
22、hing a pumpkin. I was sitting in the second row of that cornerthey were not ten feet away from me, and like everybody else, I was hypnotized. I had never seen one man hit another so hard and so many times. Over the referees face came a look of woe as if some spasm had passed its way through him, and
23、 then he leaped on Griffith to pull him away. It was the act of a brave man. Griffith was uncontrollable. His trainer leaped into the ring, his manager, his cut man (现场及时处理拳手伤口的工作人员), there were four people holding Griffith, but he was off on an orgy, he had left the Garden, he was back on a hoodlum
24、s street. If he had been able to break loose from his handlers (经理人) and the referee, he would have jumped Paret to the floor and whaled (猛击) on him there.,Background information,Background information,Background information,And Paret? Paret died on his feet. As he took those eighteen punches someth
25、ing happened to everyone who was in psychic range of the event. Some part of his death reached out to us. One felt it hover in the air. He was still standing in the ropes, trapped as he had been before, he gave some little half-smile of regret, as if he were saying, “I didnt know I was going to die
26、just yet,” and then, his head leaning back but still erect, his death came to breathe about him. He began to pass away. As he passed, so his limbs descended beneath him, and he sank slowly to the floor. He went down more slowly than any fighter had ever gone down, he went down like a large ship whic
27、h turns on end and slides second by second into its grave. As he went down, the sound of Griffiths punches echoed in the mind like a heavy ax in the distance chopping into a wet log.,I. Pre- reading questions,1. What role do sports play in our life? 2. Do you take part in sports activities more or w
28、atch more? 3. What do you get from participating in sports activities or watching sports games? 4. Can sports become a threat to peoples health or even life? Why or why not?,Prizefight and terms related,1.prizefight: n.also spelt with a hyphen, prize-fight (in former times) a public boxing match for
29、 a money prize, in which the two men fought with bare hands. AmE a professional boxing match 2.prizefighter: n. boxer prizefighting: n. 3.arena: n. an enclosed area used for sports, public entertainment 4.bout: n. a boxing match 5.canvas: n. Canvas is strong, heavy cloth usually made of cotton or li
30、nen. It is used for making things such as tents, sails, and bags. Here it is the canvas-covered mat, which forms the floor of the ring. 6.clean hit: an attack which is given fairly and according to the rules,Prizefight and terms related,7. count out: When a referee counts out a boxer who has been kn
31、ocked down, he counts to ten before the boxer can get up, so that the boxer loses the match. 8. dance: v. move with ones feet or body to dodge the blows of the opponent but seldom attack 9. dodge: v. move suddenly out of the way or out of reach in order to avoid being hit 10. feint: n. a misleading
32、action or movement especially in boxing intended to confuse or deceive your opponent.Feint is also used as a verb e.g. The two bulls, after a great deal of skillful feinting, withdrew to opposite ends of the field.,Prizefight and terms related,11. fight: n. a boxing match 12. fight manager: n. manag
33、er in charge of prizefighters and taking care of the prizefighters training and other activities. 13. jab: v. strike quickly from a short distance n. a sudden forceful push with something pointed 14. knockout: n. in boxing, wrestling, etc. A knockout is a blow that makes your opponent fall to the gr
34、ound and unable to stand up before the referee has counted to ten. 15. mauler: n. a prizefighter who savagely attacks his opponent to injure him badly 16. mouthpiece: n. The mouthpiece of a prizefighter is a rubber guard held in the mouth by a boxer to prevent chipped teeth or cut lips resulting fro
35、m hard blows, or a plate or strip of soft waxy substance used by boxers to protect the teeth and gums.,Prizefight and terms related,17. parry: v. To parry a blow from your opponent who is attacking you, you push aside the opponents arm with your own arm so that you are not hurt. 18. prizefight promo
36、ter: n. also a boxing promoter, one who helps to organize and finance the boxing match 19. referee: n. a judge in charge of some games. (USAGE)Referee is used in connection with basketball, boxing, football, hockey, lacrosse, rugby, snooker, squash, and wrestling. Umpire is used in connection with b
37、adminton, baseball, cricket, swimming, tennis, and volleyball.,Prizefight and terms related,20. ring: n. boxing ring, the small square central space closed in with ropes in which people box or wrestle 21. round: n. in boxing, wrestling, any of the periods of fighting in a match, separated by short r
38、ests. (boxers) second: n. a person who helps someone who is fighting in a boxing match 22. slugger: n. a person who hits very hard 23. weave: v. to move along or make ones way by turning and changing direction frequently,This is the faade of the arena (1),This is the faade of the arena (2),The faade
39、 of the arena ( 3）,Whats this? The ring,The dancing of the boxing artists,What are they doing? Feinting and weaving.,III. Skimming for the main idea of the text,Read the following incomplete sentences as clues, then skim the text as quickly as possible to find out the missing information in each sen
40、tence.,III. Skimming for the main idea of the text,Para 1-2 The writer had an interview with Mike Jacobs, who was ( ) Number One in the boxing world. Para 3-5 The only important element in successful boxing promoting is ( ). People come out to see ( ) . Para 6-8 Benny Paret was killed in ( ) . The d
41、irect cause of his death was ( ),the prizefight promoter,to please the crowd,the knockout,the ring,hemorrhage in the brain.,a massive,III. Skimming for the main idea of the text,Para 9 The prime responsibility for Parets death lies with ( ) Para 10 The blame should be put on ( ),the people who pay t
42、o see,a man hurt.,the prevailing mores that regard prize- fighting as a perfectly proper enterprise and vehicle of entertainment.,IV. Questions for detailed reading,1. Why does the writer call himself a “fledging newspaper reporter”? 2. What is the implied meaning of “who sounded the way Napoleon mu
43、st have sounded when he reviewed a battle”? 3. What does the writer mean by “His saying something made it true”? What does it refer to?,IV. Questions for detailed reading,4. What is the implied meaning of “ and you wind up counting your empty seats”? 5. Finish vocabulary exercises on P104-105. 6. Fi
44、nish exercises on P107. 7. Do you think that prizefighting should be declared illegal？Give reasons to illustrate your point of view.,VI. Comment on the text Various ways to express his viewpoint,1. The use of an intriguing title, “Who Killed Benny Paret?” 2. The telling use of authoritative “inside”
45、 information from the world of boxing. 3. The subtle use of medical evidence in the description of what happens when the human fist delivers a strong blow to the head.,VI. Comment on the text Various ways to express his viewpoint,4. The skillful dismissive way in which he suggests that the “investig
46、ators” looked into every possible cause except “the real one”. 5. The persuasive argument that the primary responsibility for the boxers death lies with “the people who pay to see a man hurt”. (Para 7,8,9,10),6. An attempt to create in the reader a sense of guilt at Jacobs portrayal of those who wat
47、ch boxing and a sharing with the writer of a sense of disgust when he describes in sickening detail the crowds excitement at the brutality acted out in the ring for their entertainment. 7. The clever way to issue an implicit challenge to the reader towards the end of the editorial.,VI. Comment on th
48、e text Various ways to express his viewpoint,VI. Comment on the text Some writing styles,1. He quotes economically and judiciously from Mike Jacobs. In this way, the reasons are given with an authoritative tone. 2. He matches the flurry if investigations with a flurry of statements and questions. 3.
49、 He gives the medical evidence succinctly in a series of mainly short non-complex sentences which compresses a lot of technical information into a very short space so as to avoid the possibility of the reader losing interest or skipping this part.,VI. Comment on the text Some writing styles,4. He makes full and good use of journalistic brevity and conciseness. He tells us the following facts within fifty words: who - a