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1、Unit Unit 5 5 Travelling abroadTravelling abroad（3 3） 复习非限制性定语从句 一、可以引导非限制性定语从句的引导词 大部分可以引导限制性定语从句的关系词也可以引导非限制性定语从句，但是关系代词that和关系副词 why 通常除外。 1. 关系代词 which 先行词通常是指物的名词或代词，其中先行词还可以是短语或整个句子。 The villa, which we saw yesterday,which we saw yesterday, is very beautiful. 我们昨天看的别墅很漂亮。（which指代 the villa） To
2、m was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.which made his teacher angry. 汤姆上学总是迟到，这一点令他的老师很生气。（which指代整个主句的内容） 2. 关系代词 who,whom 与 whose 先行词指人时，who 在引导的非限制性定语从句中作主语，whom作宾语，whose作定语。 Bobs father, who worked on the projectwho worked on the project, spent four years in Egypt. 鲍勃的父亲从事这项工
3、程，在埃及度过了四年。（who作主语） A young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress. 一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的印象。（whom作宾语） I decided to write about Chaplin, oneone ofof whosewhose filmsfilms I I hadhad seenseen severalseveral yearsyears before.before. 我决定写有关卓别林的文章，他的一部电影我几年前就看过了。（whose 作定语） 3. 关系副词 whe
4、n 与 where 关系副词在所引导的非限制性定语从句中作状语，where 表示地点，when表示时间。 Next month, whenwhen youyou llll spendspend youryour summersummer holidaysholidays inin youryour hometown,hometown, is approaching. 下个月即将来临，届时你们将在家乡度暑假。（when 指代表示时间的名词短语next month，并作从 句的状语。） She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close
5、friends.where she has some close friends. 她要到澳门去居住，在那里她有几个密友。（where 指代表示地点的名词 Macao，并在从 - 1 - 句中作状语。） 4. as as可以引导非限制性定语从句，常有正如的意思，所引导的从句既可置于主句之 前， 也可置于主句之后。as多用于固定搭配中： as is known to all 众所周知 as has been said before 如前所说 as is often the case 情况常常如此 as may be imagined 这可以想象得出 as has been pointed out
6、 正如已经指出的那样 as often happens 这种情况常常发生 as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的 As you know, As you know, David is a photographer. =David, as you knowas you know, is a photographer. = David is a photographer, as you know.as you know. 戴维是名摄影师，你是知道的。（as 引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。） 【易混辨析】asas与 whichwhich引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 a
7、s which 指代 指代整个主句所表达的内 既可指代整个主句的内容，又可指代主 容 句中的一部分 位置 as引导的非限制性定语从 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能 句可以放在主句之前、句 放在主句之后 中或主句之后 意义 常常有正如，正像，关 which 引导的从句常常说明主句的情 于这一点的含义 况，和主句往往有逻辑上的因果关系。 which的意思相当于 and this As we know, As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. 众所周知，吸烟有害健康。（as 引导定语从句，位于句首，指代整个主句内容） Allen has
8、made much progress in English, which delighted us.which delighted us. 艾伦英语取得了很大进步，这使我们很高兴。（which引导定语从句，相当于 and this， 表示因果关系） - 2 - 二、非限制性定语从句中的介词+关系代词结构 介词+关系代词既可以用于引导限制性定语从句，也可以用于非限制定语从句，当先行词表 地点或时间时，其还可以与关系副词 where,when转换。注意：在非限制性定语从句中 for which 不 可以用 why代替。 I still remember January 10th, on which
9、/when he came to see me. 我仍然记得 1 月 10日，那一天他来看我了。（on which 引导非限制性定语从句，相当于 when） They thanked Tom, without whose support they would not have succeeded. 他们对汤姆表示了感谢，因为没有他的支持他们就不会成功。（介词+关系代词+名词 引导非限制性定语从句） 三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 意 义 起限定作用，指特定的人或物，从 仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句意思完 句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整 整 结
10、构 紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不 用逗号与先行词或主句隔开 要求 加逗号 功 能 修饰先行词 修饰先行词或整个主句 引 导 所有的关系代词及副词 关系代词或关系副词，但是关系代词 that 词 及关系副词 why 除外 省 略 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾 非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省 情况 语时可以省去 The house, which we bought last month,which we bought last month, lies in the center of the city. 那套房子位于市中心，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性定语从句，不表明有多少套房子） Th
11、e house (which/that) we bought last month which/that) we bought last month lies in the center of the city. 我们上个月买的那套房子位于市中心。（限制性定语从句，暗含可能有若干套房子之意） - 3 - 1.（2016江苏）Many young people, most _were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. A.of which B.of them C.of whom D.of those 2
12、.（2016浙江）Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of _has been proved. A.whom B.which C.what D.that 3.（2016天津）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _the weather may be better. A.that B.where C.which D.when 4.（2016湖南）It is a truly delightful plac
13、e, _looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. A.as B.where C.that D.which 5.（2015四川）The books on the desk, _covers are shiny, are prizes for us. A.which B.what C.whose D.that . 用适当的关系词填空 1. Here are players from Japan, some of _ are our old frien
14、ds. 2. She lives in a small village, _ is only three miles from here. 3. She is going to spend the summer holidays in Shanghai, _ she has some friends. 4. Well put off the meeting till next week, _ we wont be so busy. 5. The sun gives the earth light and heat, _ is very important to the living thing
15、s. 6. He was often late, _ made his teacher very angry. 7. The ship, _ _ the Europeans sailed to the American continent, was called the Mayflower. 8. He has written a book, the name _ _ I have completely forgotten. - 4 - 9. It is a family of 8 children, all _ _ are studying music. 10. The town, _ _
16、they came, was in the north of the province. . 把下列句子合成一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句 1. He is waiting for his passport. He spent 100 dollars on his passport. _ 2. Cuzoo lies in the south of Peru and it was once known as the City of the Sun. _ 3. My brother, Jim, is working in Paris，and Paris is the capital of Fra
17、nce. _ 4. The poor cat lived through the cold and snowy winter. It was beyond my expectation. _ 5. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year and 80% of them are sold abroad. _ K K 真题 1.C【解析】考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是 young people, most 表示他们中的大多数,因 此应该使用 most of whom。因为先行词指人,不能选择 of which。
18、2.B【解析】考查定语从句。句意:科学家已经提出了许多关于人类为什么会流泪的理论,其中 没有一个得到 了证明。该句中的先行词是 many theories,关系词在定语从句中作 of的宾 语,应该用关系代词 which, none of which 共同构成从句的主语,故选 B 项。 3.D【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从句,先行词为 next week, 且关系词在定 语从句中作时间状语,故用 when。 4.D【解析】句意:这实在是一个招人喜欢的地方。它看起来一定和 100 年前一样,有着蜿蜒的 街道和美丽的 农舍。先行词是 place,非限制性定语从句缺主语,故
19、选 D。as引导非限制性 定语从句时往往有正如, 就 像的意思。 5.C【解析】考查定语从句。句意:桌上的书是给我们的奖品,这些书的封面是光亮的。定语从 句的先行词为 books,它与定语从句的主语是所属关系,所以用关系代词 whose引导定语从 句。 K K 好题 . . 用适当的关系词填空 - 5 - 1.whom 2.which 3.where 4.when 5.which 6which 7.on which 8.of which 9.of whom 10.from which . . 把下列句子合成一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句 1. He is waiting for his pa
20、ssport, on which he spent 100 dollars. 2. In the south of Peru lies Cuzco, which was once known as the City of the Sun. 3. My brother, Jim, is working in Paris, which is the capital of France. 4. The poor cat lived through the cold and snowy winter, which was beyond my expectation. 5. The factory pr
21、oduces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad. 书信往来仍是现代信息社会人际交流的重要手段。私人信件有别于公务信函，主要涉及个 人感情、生活、交往、工作、学习等方面的事情。总的来说，英文私人信件并无固定的写法， 且属于应用文的范畴，旨在考查学生在实际生活中应用语言的能力。但是书信又不是文学创作， 所以在写作时，要注意遵循英语的惯例，比如私人信件的格式和常用语等。 1. 称呼：Dear人名；写信给不相识的人时用 DearSir/Madam。 2. 正文：信的正文是信函的主体部分，也是做书
22、信类书面表达题时最为重要的部分，写作时要 把书信的要 点表达清楚，使文章逻辑性强、语言通顺。可以根据需要分为若干个段落。 3. 结束语：结束语的第一个词的首字母要大写，结尾用逗号。信函的结束语常用 - 6 - Sincerely(yours), Yours truly, Yours sincerely, Yours faithfully 或 Yours等。 4. 署名：署名写在结束语下面。 1. 常用的开头语： Thank you for your letter dated September 1. I havent heard from you for a long time; how ar
23、e you? Thank you very much for your letter and the gift you sent me. I have the pleasure/honor to inform/tell you that. I must apologize for not writing to you for so long. I am writing to you. I am excited/ glad/ happy to learn that. 2. 常用的正文语有： Although I dont know how to deal with the trouble I h
24、ave mentioned above, I have been very happy recently because I got a chance to. Thats about it; Lets talk about.now. 3. 常用的结束语有： I look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. I look forward to seeing you soon/our next meeting/hearing from you. Please write to me when you have time. Plea
25、se remember me to your family. With best regards to your family. Please give my love/regards/best wishes to. 假定你是李华，下个月你将去英国学习。请给你的笔友 Peter写信，告诉他你想利用周末 时间参加社区志愿活动，以便亲身体验生活。要点如下： 1. 表达心情； 2. 询问信息； 3. 表达愿望。 注意：1. 词数 100 左右； - 7 - 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头语和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。 Dear Peter， How is everythin
26、g going._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Id appreciate your reply soon and I cant wait to see you next month. Yours， Li Hua 【审题谋篇】 体裁 书信 话题 志愿活动 时态 一般将来时 人称 第一、二人称 【遣词造句】 .词汇 1. _ 盼望 2. _ 志愿者工作 3. _ 社区 4. _ 指导 5. _ 在周末 6. _ 帮助某人某事 【答案】 1. look forward to 2. volunteer work 3. community - 8 - 4. guidance 5. on weeke
27、nds 6help sb with sth .句式 1. I will come to Britain next month and see you finally. Its great.(把这两个句子 改成一个复合句) Its great that I will come to Britain next month and see you finally 2. Would you kindly tell me what volunteer work I could do in the community close to my school？(改成 beadj.enoughto do结构)
28、Would you be kind enough to tell me what volunteer work I could do in the community close to my school? 【参考范文】 Dear Peter ， How is everything goingIts great that I will come to Britain next month and see you finally. I feel excited and look forward to studying in your country. I heard that we could
29、do some volunteer work as a student there. Would you be kind enough to tell me what volunteer work I could do in the community close to my school？And I also want to know if there is any chance for me to it on weekends. I believe your valuable guidance can help with my study in Britain. Id appreciate
30、 your reply soon and I cant wait to see you next month Yours ， Li Hua 单元质量检测 (考试时间：90 分钟 试卷满分：120分) 第一部分 阅读理解( (共两节，满分 4040分) ) 第一节 (共 15小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将 - 9 - 该项涂黑。 A A Dear Interested Pre-Applicant, On January 4, 2017, The Housing Authority of Cook C
31、ounty (HACC) will begin accepting pre-applications for one(1) bedroom standard and (1) bedroom Uniform Federal Accessibility Standard units(UFAS)at the following Affordable Housing Community. North Suburban Housing 215 W. Miner in Arlington Heights, IL refusing, he began carrying a gun and surroundi
32、ng himself with armed friends. 5. From paragraph 2, we know that Fidel Castro _. A. had no interest in history B. performed very well at school C. spend much time playing sport D. attended the La Salle boarding school before 8 6. What is the right order of the following events related to Fidel Castr
33、o? a. delivered a public speech b. entered the University of Havana c. joined the Party of the Cuban People d. transferred to famous school, De Belen A. dbac B. abcd C. dabc D. acdb 7. Fidel Castro carried a gun at university_ A.to catch peoples attention - 12 - B.to hang out with friend for fun C.t
34、o get involved in the political activities D.to defend himself against the death threat 8. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. the Party of the Cuban People B. Fidel Castros misbehavior at school C. Cubas political situations in the 1940s D. Fidel Castros early life and political activities
35、C C This month, the singing competition, American Idol, will come to an end. For years, the popular show was a platform for rising artists. With a group of famous judges and a wide range of talents, it is clear that the competitive atmosphere of American Idol will remain unrivaled by any other show.
36、 After all, its success has been unmatched in broadcasting history. American Idol came from the British series Pop Idol. Through an application, contestants came into the competition and thereafter, were chosen to audition(试音)for the show. Each candidate would have to perform a piece to the judges,
37、and participate in a strict selection process. Not only would contestants have to sing in groups, they were sometimes tasked to perform pieces without musical instruments. At the end of this stage, only 24 o 36 artists were chosen to enter the semi-final stage. Soon, the fate of the contestants woul
38、d be decided by the public. During the candidates live performance, a free telephone number was displayed on the screen for viewers to dial, to cast their vote. At the end of the night, only 13 lucky singers would be left in the competition; by the finals, only 8 contestants would remain. Finally, a
39、 runner-up(亚军)and a winner were announced every season. Though only the winner would receive a million dollar reward and a significant record deal, other contestants would have had a chance to be known by the public. As the famous producer Simon Cowell once said, The point of the show is not to be m
40、ean to loser, but to find a winner. As the final season of the program begins, past winners will return to the stage to say goodbye and a new winner will be announced. With amazing performances and an - 13 - excellent cast of singers, the shows conclusion will leave audiences nostalgic(怀旧的), but mor
41、e satisfied than ever. 9. Those who enter American Idol will _. A. share the one million dollar reward together B. be asked to perform in pairs in the semi-finals C. experience at least three rounds of performances D. have the chance to become famous even if they fail 10. Who play the most important
42、 roles in the finals of American Idol? A. The audiences B. The past winners C. The judges D. The record companies 11. The author thinks the conclusion of American Idol will _. A. change its history B. be worth watching C. not be the last season D. pick her favorite singer 12. In which section of the
43、 newspaper may you probably find the passage? A. Advertisement. B. Finance. C. Entertainment. D. Business. D D A new study suggests that washing dishes by hand is healthier than using a dishwasher. Nobody likes doing the dishes, but it turns out that doing this task might pay off in an unexpected wa
44、y. According to a new study published in the Journal of Pediatrics, washing dishes by hand instead of using a dishwasher might prevent the development of allergies(过敏). Researchers in Sweden surveyed the parents of 1,029 children aged 7 and 8. They discovered that children whose families hand-washed
45、 the dishes instead of using a machine were less likely to have allergies. Earlier research has shown that dishes washed by machine are cleaner than those washed by hand. So why would kids who eat off of slightly dirtier plates be better off when it comes to preventing allergies? One explanation is
46、based on a theory known as the hygiene hypothesis, which says the reason kids develop allergies is that - 14 - their surroundings are actually too clean. Your immune system keeps you healthy by fighting germs( 细菌)like bacteria and viruses. But when you have allergies, it overreacts and tries to fight ordinary things like pollen(花粉)or certain