1、2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题A year ago, three journalists working for Qatars Al-Jazeera English network suddenly found themselves caught up in Egypts harsh security crackdown following the militarys overthrow of Islamist President Mohammed Morsi, the countrys first democratically elect
2、ed leader. Two of them, Australian Peter Greste, an award-winning former BBC correspondent, and Mohammed Fahym, an Egyptian-born Canadian, were arrested when the police burst into their office suite in Cairos Marriott Hotel. The third, Egyptian freelance producer Baher Mohammed, was led away in hand
3、cuffs from his Cairo home after his police shot his dog.Egypts crackdown on political dissent has presented President Obama with a difficult choice. On one hand, hes keenly aware of Egypts strategic importance to the U.S. from cooperation with anti-terrorist intelligence to maintaining the Israeli-E
4、gyptian peace treaty, which is why Obama has refused to characterize Morsis overthrow as a coup, a step that would legally require the administration to halt all military aid to Egypt until the country restores democracy. But Obama also wants to be seen as a staunch defender of human rights and demo
5、cracy, key demands of the Arab Spring protests that challenged autocratic rule in much of the Middle East. To that end, the conflicted president last year held up hundreds of millions of dollars of military aid to Egypt to signal his concern over human rights violations.Now, however, Washingtons str
6、ategic considerations appear to have trumped its human rights concerns. The reason: the new Republican-controlled House and Senate are concerned with the rise of ISIS militants. Theres also been a huge influx of aid to Egypt from oil-rich Gulf states that has weakened U.S. leverage. Last month, Obam
7、a signed legislation that allows him to invoke national security concerns to waive human rights conditions attached to $1.5 billion in mostly military aid to Egypt, such as requirements to hold free and fair elections and protect minority fights. And while Obama periodically speaks out against Egypt
8、s dismal human rights record, theres little doubt among both administration officials and Middle East hands that he will use that waiver to keep the aid to Cairo flowing. “We can harangue the Egyptians all we want about democracy,” says an expert on Egypt at the Council on Foreign Relations. “But it
9、 doesnt get us anywhere.”Such attempts at gaining leverage over the Egyptians dont seem to be working. If anything, they have further stoked Egyptian doubts about Washington and driven Cairo closer to those wealthy Gulf nations who have provided el-Sissi with some $32 billion in aid with no conditio
10、ns attached. By contrast, Washingtons annual $1.5 billion aid package now seems paltry. Even with the likelihood that U.S. military aid to Egypt will now flow, the relationship still faces some rough spots. Egyptian officials are resisting American advice to spend its aid money on counterterrorism e
11、quipment and border security.Yet these disagreements are unlikely to change Washingtons decision to mute its human rights concerns, which means the jailed Al-Jazeera journalists will have to count on a successful rapprochement between Egypt and Qatar for their release, rather than any further pressu
12、re from Washington. As an American working with the Egyptian military said, “I dont think the administration has much stomach to really push hard against Cairo.”1.This passage is most probably taken from an article entitled “（ ）”2.The word “harangue” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “（ ）”3.We
13、 can infer from the last sentence in the last paragraph that （ ）.4.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?5.What is the authors attitude towards the dissents situation in Egypt?问题1选项A.The Leverage of America in EgyptB.U.S. Military Aid to EgyptC.The Winter of Egypts Diss
14、entD.The Future of Egypt问题2选项A.harnessB.try to persuadeC.harassD.try to teach问题3选项A.the United States has little interest in impelling EgyptB.the United States no longer has much desire in EgyptC.the United States does not want to tolerate Egypt any moreD.the United States is very angry with what Eg
15、ypt did问题4选项A.The United States is more concerned with the human rights in Egypt than with other aspects.B.Although the relationship between the United States and Egypt faces some rough spots, the United States still has strong influence on Egypt.C.The Gulf states and the United States share the sam
16、e stand on Egypt as both of them have offered some aid to Egypt.D.Although the United States has decided to offer aid to Egypt, its leverage in Cairo is diminishing.问题5选项A.It is optimisticB.It is pessimistic.C.It is indifferentD.It is credulous.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.主旨题。根据文章第一段第一句，“A ye
17、ar ago, three journalists working for Qatars Al-Jazeera English network suddenly found themselves caught up in Egypts harsh security crackdown”，可知第一段主要提到了三位记者突然被发现自己被卷入埃及严厉的安全镇压中，接着提到了两名记者受到了逮捕，还有的被直接枪毙打死。可知埃及对政治分歧人员进行了镇压。根据文章最后一段，“the jailed Al-Jazeera journalists will have to count on a successful
18、 rapprochement between Egypt and Qatar for their release, rather than any further pressure from Washington.”，可知被监禁的记者只能依靠埃及和卡特尔的和解来释放他们，而不是华盛顿的压力。所以文章主要讲了埃及对政治异议者的打压相当严厉，异议者的处境相当艰难。选项C符合题意。2.词义理解题。根据文章第三段，“Obama periodically speaks out against Egypts dismal human rights recordWe can harangue the Egy
19、ptians all we want about democracyBut it doesnt get us anywhere.”，可知美国虽然定期公开批评了埃及糟糕的人权纪录，但是并没有认为带来任何好处。所以对于民主，他们能够对埃及人民harangue他们能想到的所有，可推断出美国可以尽一切可能对埃及人在民主方面进行劝说。选项B符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“I dont think the administration has much stomach to really push hard against Cairo.”，可知奥巴马政府不会真正地对开罗政府施加压力，可推断美国没
20、什么兴趣迫使埃及。选项A符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章第四段，“Even with the likelihood that U.S. military aid to Egypt will now flow, the relationship still faces some rough spots. Egyptian officials are resisting American advice to spend its aid money on counterterrorism equipment and border security.”，可知虽然美国对埃及提供源源不断的军事援助，但是两国
21、的关系依然紧张，埃及官员拒绝美国将援助资金用于反恐设备和边境安全的建议。可推断出尽管美国向埃及提供援助，但其在开罗的影响力正在减弱。选项D符合题意。5.作者态度题。根据文章最后一段， “the jailed Al-Jazeera journalists will have to count on a successful rapprochement between Egypt and Qatar for their release, rather than any further pressure from Washington.”，可知被监禁的记者只能指望埃及和卡塔尔的和解来获得释放，而不是
22、依靠来自或华盛顿的进一步压力。可推断出异议者无法依靠美国的在人权问题方面的援助而获得释放，所以异议者的出境是艰难的。根据文章最后一句，“I dont think the administration has much stomach to really push hard against Cairo.”，可知美国政府不会真正地在人权问题上施加压力，强迫开罗政府。可推断作者对埃及异议者的处境持悲观态度。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题Field-based, socially complex education program call for a different framework and m
23、ethodology for evidence gathering, （ ） the rigor in the “science” of investigative processes must be evaluated with a different set of criteria （ ） are traditionally employed with RCTs or quasi-experiment.问题1选项A.X.XB.that. thatC.where. thanD.which. which【答案】D【解析】根据题意，第一个空格为非限制定语从句，选项A和B可排除。又因为第二个空也是
24、定语从句，先行词为criteria，所以空格中需填入关系代词在定语从句中充当主语。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题Negotiators from around the globe on Sunday morning reached a climate change agreement that would commit every nation to reducing its rate of greenhouse gas emissionsyet would still （ ）what is needed to stave off the dangerous and costly early i
25、mpacts of global warming.问题1选项A.fall far short withB.fall far short ofC.fall nothing short withD.fall nothing short of【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。fall far short of “远远不足”；fall nothing short of “无异于”，没有fall far short with和 fall nothing short with两种搭配，选项A和C可排除。句意：周日早上，来自全球的谈判代表关于气候变化达成了一项协议，该协议承诺每个国家要减少温室气体的排放量。然而，
26、对于延缓全球变暖所导致的危险和高昂的代价来说，是远远不够的。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题We can be sure, however, that cities will remain the ground zero of convergence. Although forest clearance and export monocultures have played fundamental roles in the transition to a new geological epoch, the prime mover has been the almost exponential in
27、crease in the carbon footprints of urban regions in the northern hemisphere. Heating and cooling the urban built environment alone is responsible for an estimated 35 to 45 per cent of current carbon emissions, while urban industries and transportation contribute another 35 to 40 per cent. In a sense
28、 city life is rapidly destroying the ecological niche-Holocene climate stability-which made its evolution into complexity possible.Yet there is a striking paradox here. What makes urban areas so environmentally unsustainable are precisely those features, even in the largest megacities, that are mos
29、t anti-urban or suburban. First among these is massive horizontal expansion, which combines the degradation of vital natural services-aquifers, watersheds, truck farms, forests, coastal eco-systems-with the high costs of providing infrastructure to sprawl. The result is grotesquely oversized environ
30、mental footprints, with a concomitant growth of traffic and air pollution and, most often, the downstream dumping of waste. Where urban forms are dictated by speculators and developers, bypassing democratic controls over planning and resources, the predictable social outcomes are extreme spatial seg
31、regation by income or ethnicity, as well as unsafe environments for children, the elderly and those with special needs; inner-city development is conceived as gentrification through eviction, destroying working-class urban culture in the process. To these we may add the socio-political features of t
32、he megapolis under conditions of capitalist globalization: the growth of peripheral slums and informal employment, the privatization of public space, low-intensity warfare between police and subsistence criminals, and bunkering of the wealthy in sterilized historical centers or walled suburbs.By con
33、trast, those qualities that are most classically urban, even on the scale of small cities and towns, combine to generate a more virtuous circle. Where there are well-defined boundaries between city and countryside, urban growth can preserve open space and vital natural systems, while creating enviro
34、nmental economies of scale in transportation and residential construction. Access to city centers from the periphery becomes affordable and traffic can be regulated more effectively. Waste is more easily recycled, not exported downstream. In classic urban visions, public luxury replaces privatized c
35、onsumption through the socialization of desire and identity within collective urban space. Large domain of public or non-profit housing reproduce ethnic and income heterogeneity at fractal scales throughout the city. Egalitarian public services and cityscapes are designed with children, the elderly
36、and those with special needs in mind. Democratic controls offer powerful capacities for progressive taxation and planning, with high levels of political mobilization and civic participation, the priority of civic memory over proprietary icons and the spatial integration of work, recreation and home
37、life.1.As the author discusses the issues in this passage, he sounds （ ）.2.Why in many big cities there are extreme spatial segregation by income or ethnicity, as well as unsafe environments for children, the elderly and those with special needs?3.What does the word “these” in the second paragraph r
38、efer to?4.Which of the following words is not synonymous to the word “virtuous” in the last paragraph?5.Which of the following will not be the outcome under the condition that there are well-defined boundaries between city and countryside?问题1选项A.criticalB.neutralC.optimisticD.pessimistic问题2选项A.Becau
39、se the egalitarian aspects of city life consistently provide the best sociological and physical supports for resource conservation and carbon mitigation.B.Because massive horizontal expansion combines the degradation of vital natural services with the high costs of providing infrastructure to sprawl
40、C.Because urban forms are dictated by speculators and developers, bypassing democratic controls over planning and resources.D.Because there are grotesquely oversized environmental footprints, with a concomitant growth of traffic and air pollution and, most often, the downstream dumping of waste.问题3
41、选项A.urban areas.B.Those features.C.The largest megacitiesD.Vital natural services问题4选项A.wholesomeB.righteousC.efficaciousD.pernicious问题5选项A.Waste is more easily recycled, not exported downstream.B.Urban growth can create environmental economies of scale in transportation and residential construction
42、C.Access to city centers from the periphery becomes unaffordable and traffic can be regulated more ineffectively.D.Urban growth can preserve open space and vital natural systems.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.作者态度题。整篇文章作者都是客观地阐述了大城市的城市化对生态环境的破坏，但是小城市、小镇的城市化和生态环境结合起来就会产生良性循环。其中没有作者过多个人观点的表达。所以对文
43、中的问题作者持中立的态度。选项B符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Where urban forms are dictated by speculators and developers, bypassing democratic controls over planning and resources”，可知城市形态是由投机者和开发商决定的，绕过了对规划和资源的民主监督，这造成了空间隔离和环境问题。选项C符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句，“What makes urban areas so environmentally unsustainable are preci
44、sely those features, even in the largest megacities, that are most anti-urban or suburban.”，可知使城市地区在环境上的问题正是因为这些特点，即使在最大的大城市也是反城市的。可判断出these指代的就是上文提到的features，选项B符合题意。4.词义理解题。wholesome “健全的”；righteous “正义的”；efficacious “有效的”；pernicious “有毒的，恶性的”。句意：相比之下，那些最典型的城市特征，与一些小城市或城镇结合起来也会形成一个更良性的循环。所以virtuou
45、s意思为良性的，只有pernicious不是它的同义词。选项D符合题意。5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段， “Access to city centers from the periphery becomes affordable and traffic can be regulated more effectively.”，可知从郊区进入市中心的交通费用降低了，交通也可以得到更有效的管理。所以C选项中的unaffordable与文意相反。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题The United States and Russia have reached an agreement that call
46、s for Syrias （ ） of chemical weapons to be removed or destroyed by the middle of 2014, Secretary of State John Kerry said on Saturday.问题1选项A.artilleryB.armorC.arsenalD.army【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。artillery “炮，炮兵部队”； armor “装甲，盔甲”；arsenal “兵工厂，军械库”；army “军 队”。句意：美俄两国已经达成协议，要求叙利亚化学武器的军械库于2014年年中移除或者销毁。选项C符合题意
47、6. 单选题With the expansion of the company, the manager has so much work to do that a holiday for him this year is （ ）.问题1选项A.out of questionB.out of the questionC.beyond all questionD.past question【答案】B【解析】词组辨析。out of question“毫无疑问”；out of the question“不可能”；beyond all question“毫无疑问”；past question“无可争
48、辩”。句意：随着公司的扩张，经理有很多的工作要做，所以今年的假期对他来说是不可能的。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题The term folk custom is very broad, but it has been used by folklorists to refer to those shared patterns of behaviors in a particular folk group. Those patterns of behaviors are regarded as the traditional and established ways of members of the particular folk group. Fo
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