1、2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Examine the data over time, and youll find irrefutable evidence of progress: the decline of war, the increase in life span; （ ） of literacy, democracy, and equal rights; （ ） of privilege based on race, gender, heredity and beliefs.问题1选项A.the spread . the wan
2、ingB.the spreading . the waneC.the spreads . the wanesD.the spreading . the waning【答案】A【解析】语法题。介词of前面应该用名词，所以第一个空格用名词spread，第二个空将动词wan后加-ing变成动名词形式waning，句意：随着时间的推移，研究这些数据，你会发现无可辩驳的证据证明社会的进步：战争的减少，寿命的延长；文化程度、民主和平等权利的传播；基于宗族、性别、地位和信仰的特权衰退和减少。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题Major exams are the bane of many a students l
3、ife. They represent a one-off chance to scribble months or years of learning onto paper, and can make or break future career prospects. The trouble is that taking an exam at a time rigidly set by the academic calendar has never been an ideal way to determine competencethey may come at the right time
4、 for some lucky students, but not for many others.Perhaps it doesnt have to be that way. As teaching begins to move online, we no longer need to wait until the end of a course to perform assessments. Instead, computer software can assess understanding during the learning process itself by analyzing
5、a students every mouse click and keystroke. So could we finally be able to get rid of the dreaded final exam?A better option is a system that allows students to advance at their own pace when they have mastered the material, says Julia Freeland, an education researcher. This is called competency-bas
6、ed learning, and it requires tailoring the educational program in a different way for each student. This is clearly something that teachers in a busy classroom may struggle to do. If course material is offered online, though, with the students input analyzed automatically by computer software, stude
7、nts can be assessed individuallyeven to the point that the software can identify when a given student is likely to perform to their full potential on an exam.Competency-based learning software is now being used both in high schools and in colleges across the US, says Freeland. The Virtual Learning A
8、cademy Charter School in the state of New Hampshire is one prominent high school example.The idea behind the software is relatively straightforward. It takes information about the students activity on course websitethe pages they have visited and whether the student has verified that they have read
9、a passage of text or watched a video, for instanceand combines it with data on the students performance on informal tests and quizzes to establish in real time how well the student understands a concept. When that understanding reaches a predetermined level, the student is challenged with new concep
10、ts, or offered the opportunity to take a formal exam. Since this form of competency-based learning approach was introduced in some classes at Arizona State University, pass rates have reportedly increased. And Philip Regier, the dean of the universitys online arm, says there are now plans for doing
11、an entire degree adaptively”.Some firms push the technology further. Their artificial intelligence software analyses the data collected to constantly tweak the way it presents new information to the individual. Within a few weeks, claim their makers, these algorithms can even identify what time of
12、the day a student is most receptive to lessons in a given subject.1.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that （ ）.2.Which of the following is TRUE about “competency-based learning”?3.The Virtual Learning Academy Charter School is mentioned in the passage to （ ）.4.What is “the idea behind the software”
13、 in Paragraph 5?5.To which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?问题1选项A.taking exams makes most students nervous and stressfulB.sometimes major exams can determine peoples future career prospectsC.taking an exam at a time rigidly set by the academic calendar is a fair way to
14、 determine competenceD.many students pass the exams because of their good luck问题2选项A.It is a system that allows students to improve their competency all by themselves.B.It would make teachers very busy in the classroom.C.It requires students to attend class online, and thus they need not go to class
15、room any more.D.It requires making the educational program in a different way for each student.问题3选项A.show that the competency-based learning software is now being used both in high schools and in colleges across the USB.illustrate how a good high school performs in competency-based learning and tes
16、tingC.show how the competency-based learning software is designed by high schools and colleges across the USD.illustrate that the competency-based learning software is very important both in high schools and in colleges across the US问题4选项A.It takes information about the students activity on course w
17、ebsites to help to assess his competence.B.It more emphasizes informal tests and quizzes to know how well the student understands a concept.C.The student will not be offered the opportunity to take a formal exam unless he manages to understand all the concepts in the textbook.D.Teachers must require
18、 students to read texts and watch videos on course websites.问题5选项A.We must get rid of the dreaded exams with the help of computer software.B.Since course materials are offered online, teachers need not care about students performance in the classroom.C.Since the competency-based learning approach wa
19、s proved successful in some cases, we should try to adopt it in more schools.D.We should try to develop new artificial intelligence software to collect the private information of teachers and students.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.推断题。根据文章第一段，“They represent a one-off chance to scribble months
20、or years of learning onto paper, and can make or break future career prospects.”，可知大考代表着一个一次性机会，将几个月或者几年学到的知识草草地写到纸上，可能会毁掉或者成就一个人未来的职业前景。可推断出一些考试确实能决定一个人的职业前景。选项B符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“This is called competency-based learning, and it requires tailoring the educational program in a different way for e
21、ach student.”，可知这种能力本位学习要求为每个学生定制不同的教育计划。选项D符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第五段，“the Virtual Learning Academy Charter School in the state of New Hampshire is one prominent high school example.”，可知在基于能力的学习软件的应用方面，虚拟学习学院特许学校是一个突出的高中学校例子，可推断出举这个例子主要是为了描述以能力为基础的学习和测试在好的高中学校的表现。选项B符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章第五段第二句，“It takes informat
22、ion about the students activity on course websitethe pages they have visited and whether the student has verified thatto establish in real time how well the student understands a concept.”，她获取学生在课程网站上的活动信息，他们访问过的页面等，实时确定学生对概念的理解程度。可推断出这个软件是通过学生的活动信息来判断他们的能力。选项A符合题意。5.作者态度题。根据文章第五段倒数第二句，“Since this f
23、orm of competency-based learning approach was introduced in some classes at Arizona State University, pass rates have reportedly increased.”，可知自从这种基于能力的学习方法引入到亚利桑那州立大学的一些课程中，通过率提升了。所以可推断出作者会赞同这种基于能力的学习方式应该得到更多学校的采用。学习C符合题意。3. 单选题In a world food system that they have described in the book, food （ ） t
24、ransported at reasonable cost and produced anywhere in the world is actually or potentially available to any person with the means to purchase it.问题1选项A.can beB.to beC.that can beD.being【答案】C【解析】语法题。根据题意，句子的主语是food，谓语动词是is，所以空格部分应该填入非谓语动词或从句。选项A可排除。动词不定式表将来，-ing分词表现在进行。空格中填入的动词形式体现一般现在时态即可。所以that 引导
25、定语从句，从句构成被动语态。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题While it may be debatable whether Suez marked the end of Britains imperial era, it undoubtedly blew away the （ ） of coequality in the Anglo-American partnership.问题1选项A.mirageB.disillusionC.conjurationD.deception【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。mirage “幻想，妄想”；disillusion “幻灭，醒悟”；conjuratio
26、n “祈祷，咒语”；deception “欺骗，欺诈”。句意：尽管苏伊士运河是否标志着英国帝国主义的结束存在争议，但是毫无疑问它吹走了英美伙伴关系中平等的幻想。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题Hope helps. It keeps us going in bleak times and amid （ ） news. But hope has more credibility when we can point to the reason for it.问题1选项A.disheartenedB.dishearteningC.enlighteningD.enlightened【答案】B【解析】形容词
27、词义辨析。disheartening “使沮丧”；disheartened“沮丧的”；enlightening“使人领悟的” ；enlightened“被启发的”。根据题意，空格中的形容词用来形容news，形容物体用-ing形式的形容词，选项A，D可排除。句意：希望是有帮助的。在暗淡的时光和令人沮丧的消息中，能够保持继续前进。但是希望更让人信服，当我们有理由去相信的时候。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题European officials, though, have already warned they will retaliate by boosting tariffs on US goods
28、 ） a row that has lasted six years and （ ） agreement in the GATT international trade talks involving 108 countries.问题1选项A.escalating . blockingB.to escalate . to blockC.escalating . blockedD.escalated . blocking【答案】A【解析】语法题。根据题目的句子结构，可知两个空格中均填入-ing分词作状语，表伴随。escalating “逐步上升”；blocking “阻碍”。句意：不过，欧洲
29、官员已警告称，他们将提高对美国商品的关税作为报复，使持续6年的争端不断升级，并阻碍了有关于108个国家的关贸总协定国际贸易谈判达成协议。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题She says the files she looked at werent confidential and were （ ） for consultation by any senior member of staff.问题1选项A.free availableB.freely availingC.free availablyD.freely available【答案】D【解析】语法和固定搭配。根据空格前的be动词were可知
30、空格处的中心词应该是一个形容词。available “可获得的，可购得的”；availably “有效用地，可获得地”；availing为动词avail的现在分词形式。所以排除选项B和C。形容词前可有副词修饰，freely “免费地，自由地”，free “免费的，自由的”。句意：她说她看的文件不是机密的，并且任何高级职员都可以免费获得这些文件的咨询。选项D符合题意。8. 单选题A year ago, three journalists working for Qatars Al-Jazeera English network suddenly found themselves caught
31、up in Egypts harsh security crackdown following the militarys overthrow of Islamist President Mohammed Morsi, the countrys first democratically elected leader. Two of them, Australian Peter Greste, an award-winning former BBC correspondent, and Mohammed Fahym, an Egyptian-born Canadian, were arreste
32、d when the police burst into their office suite in Cairos Marriott Hotel. The third, Egyptian freelance producer Baher Mohammed, was led away in handcuffs from his Cairo home after his police shot his dog.Egypts crackdown on political dissent has presented President Obama with a difficult choice. On
33、 one hand, hes keenly aware of Egypts strategic importance to the U.S. from cooperation with anti-terrorist intelligence to maintaining the Israeli-Egyptian peace treaty, which is why Obama has refused to characterize Morsis overthrow as a coup, a step that would legally require the administration t
34、o halt all military aid to Egypt until the country restores democracy. But Obama also wants to be seen as a staunch defender of human rights and democracy, key demands of the Arab Spring protests that challenged autocratic rule in much of the Middle East. To that end, the conflicted president last y
35、ear held up hundreds of millions of dollars of military aid to Egypt to signal his concern over human rights violations.Now, however, Washingtons strategic considerations appear to have trumped its human rights concerns. The reason: the new Republican-controlled House and Senate are concerned with t
36、he rise of ISIS militants. Theres also been a huge influx of aid to Egypt from oil-rich Gulf states that has weakened U.S. leverage. Last month, Obama signed legislation that allows him to invoke national security concerns to waive human rights conditions attached to $1.5 billion in mostly military
37、aid to Egypt, such as requirements to hold free and fair elections and protect minority fights. And while Obama periodically speaks out against Egypts dismal human rights record, theres little doubt among both administration officials and Middle East hands that he will use that waiver to keep the ai
38、d to Cairo flowing. “We can harangue the Egyptians all we want about democracy,” says an expert on Egypt at the Council on Foreign Relations. “But it doesnt get us anywhere.”Such attempts at gaining leverage over the Egyptians dont seem to be working. If anything, they have further stoked Egyptian d
39、oubts about Washington and driven Cairo closer to those wealthy Gulf nations who have provided el-Sissi with some $32 billion in aid with no conditions attached. By contrast, Washingtons annual $1.5 billion aid package now seems paltry. Even with the likelihood that U.S. military aid to Egypt will n
40、ow flow, the relationship still faces some rough spots. Egyptian officials are resisting American advice to spend its aid money on counterterrorism equipment and border security.Yet these disagreements are unlikely to change Washingtons decision to mute its human rights concerns, which means the jai
41、led Al-Jazeera journalists will have to count on a successful rapprochement between Egypt and Qatar for their release, rather than any further pressure from Washington. As an American working with the Egyptian military said, “I dont think the administration has much stomach to really push hard again
42、st Cairo.”1.This passage is most probably taken from an article entitled “（ ）”2.The word “harangue” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “（ ）”3.We can infer from the last sentence in the last paragraph that （ ）.4.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?5.What is the au
43、thors attitude towards the dissents situation in Egypt?问题1选项A.The Leverage of America in EgyptB.U.S. Military Aid to EgyptC.The Winter of Egypts DissentD.The Future of Egypt问题2选项A.harnessB.try to persuadeC.harassD.try to teach问题3选项A.the United States has little interest in impelling EgyptB.the Unite
44、d States no longer has much desire in EgyptC.the United States does not want to tolerate Egypt any moreD.the United States is very angry with what Egypt did问题4选项A.The United States is more concerned with the human rights in Egypt than with other aspects.B.Although the relationship between the United
45、 States and Egypt faces some rough spots, the United States still has strong influence on Egypt.C.The Gulf states and the United States share the same stand on Egypt as both of them have offered some aid to Egypt.D.Although the United States has decided to offer aid to Egypt, its leverage in Cairo i
46、s diminishing.问题5选项A.It is optimisticB.It is pessimistic.C.It is indifferentD.It is credulous.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.主旨题。根据文章第一段第一句，“A year ago, three journalists working for Qatars Al-Jazeera English network suddenly found themselves caught up in Egypts harsh security crackdown”，可知第一段主要
47、提到了三位记者突然被发现自己被卷入埃及严厉的安全镇压中，接着提到了两名记者受到了逮捕，还有的被直接枪毙打死。可知埃及对政治分歧人员进行了镇压。根据文章最后一段，“the jailed Al-Jazeera journalists will have to count on a successful rapprochement between Egypt and Qatar for their release, rather than any further pressure from Washington.”，可知被监禁的记者只能依靠埃及和卡特尔的和解来释放他们，而不是华盛顿的压力。所以文章主要讲了埃及对政治异议者的打压相当严厉，异议者的处境相当艰难。选项C符合题意。2.词义理解题。根据文章第三段，“Obama periodically speaks out against Egypts dismal human rights recordWe can harangue the Egyptians all we want about democracyBut it doesnt get us anywhere.”，可知美国虽然定期公开批评了埃及糟糕的人权纪录，但是并
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