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1、把脉雅思写作,刘建珠 ,第一章,雅思写作概述,问诊,1）IELTS的全名是什么？该考试由谁开发和组织？ 2）雅思考试有哪两种形式？你准备报考哪一类别？ 3）雅思写作有哪两项任务？考试有多少时间可用？ 4) 你的目标分数是多少？写作成绩是怎么评估的？ 5）你是否有具体的写作训练计划？能坚持下去吗？,诊断,1）你忽视雅思考试的官方网站信息； 2）你缺乏合适的雅思写作训练教材； 3）你缺乏合理的时间管理分配意识； 4）你忽略雅思试卷构成和评分标准； 5）你没有系统科学的写作训练计划。,处方,1）你要跟踪雅思考试的最新信息与出题方向； 2）你要确定一两套合适的雅思考试训练教程； 3）你要培养自己合理的
2、时间管理和分配意识； 4）你要熟悉雅思写作考试的构成和评分标准； 5）你要制定系统科学的训练计划并遵照执行。,雅思考试简介,One System Four Parts Three Organizers,雅思考试简介: One System,International English Language Testing System www.ielts.org,雅思考试简: Four Parts,Listening Reading Writing Speaking,雅思考试简: Three Organizers,The British Council（英国文化协会） IDP Australia（澳
3、大利亚教育国际开发署） CESOL （剑桥大学考试委员会）,雅思写作考试简介,Two Modules Two Tasks Time Permits Sample Paper Answer Sheet,雅思考试简介: Two Modules,(A) Academic Study (G) General Training,雅思写作考试简介: Two Tasks,Task 1 G: a letter of at least 150 words based on a given situation. A: a report of at least 150 words based on a given
4、chart. Task 2 An essay of at least 250 words based on a given question or statement.,雅思写作考试简介: Time Permits,60 minutes Task 1: 5 minutes,雅思写作考试简介: Sample Paper (G),WRITING TASK 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. You have had a bank account for a few years. Recently you received a lett
5、er from the bank stating that your account is $240 overdrawn and that you will be charged $70 which will be taken directly from your account. You know that this information is incorrect. Write a letter to the bank. Explain what has happened and say what you would like them to do about it. You should
6、 write at least 150 words. You do NOT need to write your own address. Begin your letter as follows: Dear Sir, WRITING TASK 2 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic: We are becoming increasingly dependent on computers. They are used in business, hospitals, cri
7、me detection and even to fly planes. What things will they be used in the future? Is this dependence on computers a good thing or should we be more suspicious of their benefits? You should write at least 250 words. Use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples
8、 and relevant evidence.,雅思写作考试简介: Sample Paper (A),WRITING TASK 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The charts below show the results of a survey of adult education. The first chart shows the reasons why adults decide to study. The pie chart shows how people think about the costs of ad
9、ult education should be shared. Write a report for a university lecturer, describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.,WRITING TASK 2 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic: There are many different types of music in the world
10、today. Why do we need music? Is the traditional music of a country more important than the international music that is heard everywhere nowadays? You should write at least 250 words. Use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.,雅思写作考试简介
11、: Answer Sheets,考生信息栏 写作任务栏 考官评分栏,雅思写作考试简介: Answer Sheets,雅思写作评分体系: Scoring System,Band 9 Expert User Band 8 Very Good User Band 7 Good User Band 6 Competent User Band 5 Modest User Band 4 Limited User Band 3 Extremely Limited User Band 2 Intermittent User Band 1 Non User,9 8.5 8 7.5 7 6.5 6 5.5 5 4
12、.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5,Task1x1/3 + Task2 x 2/3,雅思写作评分体系: Assessment Criteria,Examiners Use Only,雅思写作评分体系: TA,Task Achievement 1）Does the content stick to the topic?（文章内容是否切题?） 2）Is the writing in the right length?（文章篇幅是否达标?） 3）Is the writing completely organized?（文章结构是否完整？） 4）Is the position cle
13、arly presented?（作者立场是否清晰?）,雅思写作评分体系: TA,Case Study 1）With the increasing use of mobile phones, fewer people tend to write letters. Some people believe that writing letters will disappear completely. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2）More and more people are working at home rather than in th
14、e workplace. Some people say this will bring benefits to the workers and their families, but others think it will bring stress into the home. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 3) The university should not provide so much theoretical knowledge but give students more practical training. Do
15、 you agree with this statement?,Case 3 Nowadays, recruiting exhibitions holds frequently in many cities, especially in Beijing. Students graduating from universities and colleges lately are usually anxious and worried to take part in because quite a lot of them could not find a satisfying job. What
16、makes it so serious? It is no doubt that there are several reasons why employers dont want to employ new graduated students. But it is most likely that these students lack of practical knowledge about reality. China used to adopt the old educational system hesitated from Soviet Union. In the past 50
17、 years, Chinese students learnt the same subjects with the same books without any change. But since China has adopted opening policies, the economy of China changed and developed enormously. It requires a lot of talented young people to play important roles in this change. People have to go on learn
18、ing after work about modern knowledge of Business, Accounting, Computer, Laws, etc. Here raises a question why dont we handle it in school, university or college. It is time to make a real change to add practical knowledge in the subjects that students learn today,雅思写作评分体系: TA,Case 3 就任务完成而言，作者没有围绕题
19、目要求表明立场（大学是否应该少向学生灌输理论知识，而应多给学生提供实践机会）并展开论述，内容偏离主题（作者似乎在分析大学毕业生为什么找不到满意的工作），而且全文篇幅仅180余单词，字数不足。,雅思写作评分体系: CC,Coherence and cohesion 1）Is the paper clean and legible?（卷面是否整洁可读？） 2）Are the information points presented logically?（信息点是否排列有序？） 3）Is the writing divided into appropriate paragraphs?（文章分段是否合
20、理？） 4）Are the linking words used correctly ?（连接词使用是否得当？）,雅思写作评分体系: CC,Paragraphs 启: currently, at present, first of all, in the first place, at the very beginning, to begin with, for one thing等； 承: besides, plus, furthermore, in addition, moreover, whats more, meanwhile, similarly, in the same way等；
21、 转: however, whereas, while, on the contrary, in contrast, on the other hand等； 合: in conclusion, in brief, in short, to sum up, ultimately, overall, obviously, it is clear that等.,雅思写作评分体系: CC,Sentences 原因: because (of ), accordingly, due to, owing to, for this reason, since, as a result, as a conseq
22、uence等； 观点: in my opinion, personally, from my viewpoint, it seems to me, it is clear to me that, as far as I am concerned； 举例: for example, for instance, as follows, such as, that is to say, namely, just as, in particular等； 让步: although, in spite of, despite of, despite the fact that, regardless of
23、等； 时间: then, five years later, when it comes to 2012, since then等,雅思写作评分体系: CC,Case Study 1) The unlimited use of cars may cause many problems. What are those problems? In order to reduce the problems, should we discourage people to use cars? 2) Some people believe that students should gain some wor
24、k experience or have a travel to enlarge their vision before they go to university after high school graduation. Do you agree? Why?,Case 1 The fast increase in the number of cars have brought along many related problems which are well worth our greatest attention. First of all, urban traffic is gett
25、ing from bad to worse. Id like to cite my own experience as an example. Five years ago, it took me about 30 minutes to drive from home to office. One year later, I needed to spend about 40 minutes on the way. Then two years later, I had to start out from home at least 1 hour earlier in order to get
26、to my office on good time for work. And then, since last year, it has just been too normal for me to spend about one and half hours to make it. The traffic just moves like a worm！ Second, with the ever-growing number of cars, air quality in urban areas is deteriorating with each passing day. We used
27、 to see clear blue sky and breathe fresh air, but now this would be a real luxury. Car exhaust has seriously polluted the air and peoples health is greatly endangered. It seems certain that we human beings have already made a fatal mistake that could only be remedied by bringing down the number of c
28、ars hugely. Admittedly, cars have brought us speed, comfort and greater mobility. However, these have already been history. In fact, we are suffering much more from cars than benefiting from them. Our health conditions are going down rapidly both due to the polluted air that we have to breathe every
29、 second and our lack of exercise as a result of the ever increasing amount of time we have to spend behind the wheel! From the foregoing discussion, Im sure we have already found a solution: to discourage people to use cars! I know very well that science and technology are also developing very fast
30、and there might be better solutions coming up in the future, but, before that, lets first salvage ourselves in such a passive way!,Case 2 Nowadays, there has been a heated discussion on the question whether students should gain some work experience or have a travel to enlarge their vision before the
31、y go to university after high school graduation. Some people believe that some work experience and a trip outside help the students grow up and learn things more efficiently. I totally disagree with this opinion. For one thing, students major task is to study. As a student, he should know what he is
32、 expected to focus on. Study should always be considered as his top priority. It is not late to consider work and trip after he finishes his lessons and graduates from the school. Whats more, he will have a better idea about his job and destination when he completes his college education. For anothe
33、r, it is a waste of time to start working and traveling before students go to university. Our life is short and our youth is even shorter. We should make use of our golden time to do the most precious thing study. But if we start working or traveling too early, we may miss the golden age for the cla
34、ssroom activities. When we come back to the campus, we may find we are lagging far behind. In a word, students should cherish their school days and view study as their major task. It will not be late to have working experience and take a trip when they finish their study in the university.,雅思写作评分体系:
35、 LR,Lexical Resources 1）Has the writer chosen the right word?（作者选词是否准确？） 2）Has the writer used the same word more than twice?（作者用词是否重复？） 3）Is the words spelling correct?（单词拼写是否正确？） 4）Has the writer used any advanced words?（作者是否使用了高级词汇？）,雅思写作评分体系: LR,Case Study Case 1 “我认为” “I think” “In my mind”，“as
36、 far as I am concerned”，“personally” Case 2 好人 good, kind, wise, nice, clever, great, bright ambitious, tactful, eloquent, easygoing, committed, responsible, knowledgeable,雅思写作评分体系: LR,Case 3 With the ever-growing number of cars, air quality in urban areas is deteriorating with each passing day. We
37、used to see clear blue sky and breathe fresh air, but now this would be a real luxury. Car exhaust has seriously polluted the air and peoples health is greatly endangered. It seems certain that we human beings have already made a fatal mistake that could only be remedied by bringing down the number
38、of cars hugely.,雅思写作评分体系: LR,Case 4 The university should not provide so much theoretical knowledge but give students more practical training. Do you agree with this statement?,Case 4 For a long time, there have been arguments about whether university should or should not provide students with pract
39、ical training while teaching theoretical knowledge. As to this matter I hold the opinion that it is universitys function to provide students theoretical knowledge, but not necessarily its duty to give them practical training. It is generally considered that university is an institution which concent
40、rates on mainly two tasks: one is cultivating people to be professional in their fields, and the other is doing further research on certain aspects. These two tasks decide that university focuses on theoretical knowledge, but not on practical training. What are people looking for in the further educ
41、ation in university? Certainly it is knowledge and most probably the theoretical knowledge. If they are seeking some practical training, why not enter some kind of skill-training institution or just find a job, both of which are likely to give them many more chances of practical training than a univ
42、ersity can afford. As people do not resort university to get practical training, why should university provide such training which its students would not expect? Admittedly, university students are prone to do practical work once they graduate and I am certainly for that they should know something p
43、ractical about their major which means the students ought to be prepared for their future career. However, preparation does not necessarily require practical training while they are obtaining theoretical knowledge. For instance, a student of law can easily be familiar with practical affairs by means
44、 of taking courses of practical affairs. Sometimes it is a waste of time and human labor resource to attend so-called practical training in a court. In a word, it is not universitys responsibility to provide practical training and it is rather meaningless for students to participate in types of prac
45、tical training when time is for them to attain more theoretical knowledge.,雅思写作评分体系: GRA,Grammar Range and Accuracy 1）Has the writer used a variety of sentence structures?（句子结构是否多变？） 2）Are there any complex sentences? （有没有使用复合句？） 3）Are the sentences grammatically accurate?（句子结构是否符合语法规范？） 4）Are the s
46、entence styles formal?（句子风格是否正式？）,雅思写作评分体系: GRA,准确性 The main reason for this use of informal languages are various and complicated. Use mobile phones to send messages is more convenient than write letters. The main reason for this use of informal languages is various and complicated. Using mobile ph
47、ones to send messages is more convenient than writing letters.,雅思写作评分体系: GRA,丰富性 I have many hobbies. For example, I like movies, I like playing basketball and football, and I like singing and dancing. I have many hobbies. Movies, for example, are my favorite and I am also fond of playing basketball
48、 and football. Sometimes when staying with my friends, Id prefer singing and dancing rather than any other way of amusement.,雅思写作评分体系: GRA,复杂性 They refused to change the plan. It was really a pity. The old house is dangerous. It should be repaired. It was really a pity that they refused to change th
49、e plan. The old house is so dangerous that it should be repaired.,雅思写作评分体系: GRA,正式性 Parents have to get kids food and other stuff. Please tell me if you are free as soon as possible. Parents have to provide children with food and other necessities. Please inform me of your availability at your earliest convenience.,雅思写作评分案例分析: Case 1,雅思写作评分案例分析: Case 1,雅思写作评分案例分析: Case 1,雅思写作评分案例分析: Case 2,雅思写作评分案例分析: Case 2,雅思写作评分案例分析: Case 2,雅思写作评分案例分析: Case 3,雅思写作评分案例分析: Case 3,雅思写作评分案例分析: Case 3,雅思写作诊断性测试: Task 1,A类: The chart below shows th