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1、CENTURY BUSINESS ENGLISH,,大连理工大学出版社,阅读教程（基础篇2）（第四版）,世纪商务英语,主编：王洗薇,Unit Two Career Development,,大连理工大学出版社,Career Development,Businesses used to partner with employees to carry out employeescareer planning and development. Times have changed. Now, businesses are coming to view career development prima
2、rily as the employees responsibility.,Career Development,The following topics are closely related, which present the importance of setting career goal and offer tips to achieve it as well. Besides the knowledge about career development, you can also learn some reading skills on how to understand com
3、plicated and difficult long sentences in this unit.,Career Development,Reading Skill Focus,Words and Expressions,Practical Reading,Comprehensive Reading,Reading Skill Focus,Reading Long Sentences,Long sentences are usually complicated and difficult to understand. They often consist of one or several
4、 of the following sentence elements:, subordinate clause; parenthesis; present/past participle as adverbial modifier or absolute construction; parallel structure, etc.,Reading Skill Focus,The key to deal with a long sentence is to seize the main body of the sentence, the sentence trunk. So the first
5、 step is to identify the subject, predicate, and object of the sentence. As long as the sentence trunk is clear, the sentence structure will stand out. Then, it will be easy to understand the whole sentence.,Reading Skill Focus,AGuided Practice,Sample 1,Behaviorists suggest that the child who is rai
6、sed in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.,行为主义者认为,如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素,这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展,那么，儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平,译文,Reading Skill Focus,阅读包含多个从句的长句时,首先找到主句的主体部分(即主语、谓语和宾语),再确定从句的主体部分,如果从句中
7、还有从句,再确定下面一层从句的主、谓、宾。注意阅读时一层一层进行,先把同一层次的内容看完,再看下一层次的内容,经层层分析可知,该长句主干为：,The sentence trunk: _.,Behaviorists suggest that-clause,Reading Skill Focus,句子包含了四个从句：that.，who.，where.，which.。that 引导宾语从句，从句的主干是the child.will experience greater intellectual development； who is raised in an environment是定语从句，修饰先
8、行词child； where there are many stimuli 是定语从句，修饰先行词environment； which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses 是定语从句，修饰先行词stimuli,Reading Skill Focus,Sample 2,For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited ente
9、rtainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.,譬如,对于一个四口之家来说,舒舒服服地在家中看电视,就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目,这与到外面别的地方去消遣比起来,是既便宜又方便,译文,Reading Skill Focus,阅读包含插入语的长句时，先略掉插入语，把主句的意思看完，然后再看插入部分。插入语常用来交代某句话是谁说的，说话人是什么身份，或修饰、解释、补充前面的内容等。从形式上看，插入语的出现有明显标志：用双破折号或双逗号与主句隔开。忽略几个插入语之后可发现，该句的主干结构为:,The sent
10、ence trunk: _.,it is more convenient. to sit. Than to go out.，是一个比较结构,Reading Skill Focus,该句中it 是形式主语,真正的主语是：to sit comfortably at home,与to go out in search of amusement elsewhere 作比较。句首的for a family of four 作状语,表示条件;介词短语for example 作插入语,第二个介词短语with almost unlimited entertainment available 作伴随状语,修饰t
11、o sit comfortably at home。,Reading Skill Focus,Sample 3,Taking his cue from Ibsens A Dolls House, in which the heroine, Nora, leaves home because she resents her husbands treating her like a child, the writer Lu Xun warned that Nora would need money to support herself; she must have economic rights
12、to survive.,译文,易卜生的剧作玩偶之家中的女主人公娜拉离家出走，因为她憎恶她的丈夫像对待孩子一样来对待她。作家鲁迅从中得到启示，从而告诫人们娜拉需要钱来养活自己。她要生存就必须有经济上的权利,Reading Skill Focus,阅读包含分词短语作状语或独立主格结构的句子时，首先要确定主句的主谓结构，不要误将分词当成谓语。分词状语就是指用现在分词或过去分词引导的伴随状语、原因状语等；独立主格结构有时由with 引导，看似主谓结构，但实际上其动词部分只是分词，并不是真正的谓语。主句最重要的特征就是有完整的主谓结构，尤其是独立的谓语部分，而单独的分词是不能做谓语的，由此可区分主谓结构
13、与分词状语及独立主格结构。,Reading Skill Focus,分清本句的分词结构之后,该句的主干结构为,that 引导宾语从句；Taking his cue from Ibsens A Dolls House 是现在分词短语作状语，现在分词taking 的逻辑主语是Lu Xun; in which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词A Dolls House; 句中分号后是另一个完整的句子。,The sentence trunk: _.,Lu Xun warned that-clause,Reading Skill Focus,Sample 4,Prior to the twentieth
14、 century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.,在20 世纪以前，小说中的妇女们都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点，因而无法成为具有个性的人；她们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给她们的种种束缚,译文,Reading Skill Focus,阅读包含并列结构的句子时,先确定句
15、子主干,再确定并列的成分。两个或两个以上互相连接而又属于同一层次并具有相同句法功能的语言结构称为并列结构。并列结构通常用逗号隔开或用and连接。,该句的主干为：,The sentence trunk: _.,women. were stereotypes and were. subject to. restrictions.,Reading Skill Focus,and 连接两个并列的系表结构；prior to the twentieth century 是时间状语；that made them unique individuals 是定语从句，修饰先行词features；imposed b
16、y the male-dominated culture是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰restrictions。,Reading Skill Focus,B. Challenge Yourself,Challenge 1,Match Column A with the phrasal verbs in Column B according to the following sentence.,At the food center, next to the air base, our reporters watched as hundreds of refugee men and women p
17、ushed to get the rice, flour, oil and milk that were given only to the poorest of the 465,000 refugees living in camps like this all along the coast.,Reading Skill Focus,A 1. The rice, flour, oil and milk 2. The poorest refugees 3. The refugee men and women 4. The food center 5. The camps 6. Our rep
18、orters,B a.pushed to get the rice. b.watched. c.were all along the coast. d.were given to the poorest refugees e.were living in camps like this. f.was next to the air base.,Reading Skill Focus,Challenge 2,Find the trunks of the following sentences and translate them into Chinese.,The American econom
19、ic system is, organized around a basically private enterprise,market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. The sentence trunk: _,Reading Skill Focus,2. In the American
20、economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. The sentence trunk: _,Comprehensive Reading,Text A,Set Demandi
21、ng Goals,1. We all want to believe that we are capable of great feats, of reaching our fullest potential. We need dreams. They give us a vision of a better future. They nourish our spirit; they represent possibility even when we are in difficulties.,feat 技艺; 功绩a. 漂亮的, 合适的壮举,译文,我们都愿意相信自己有能力成就大业，能够发挥自
22、己的全部潜能。因此我们需要梦想。梦想让我们展望更美好的未来，梦想让我们精神焕发；即使困难重重，梦想依然代表了希望，使我们坚持不懈,Comprehensive Reading,They keep us going.Most successful people are dreamers, ordinary people who are not afraid to think big and dare to be great. Dreamers are not content with being merely mediocre, because no one ever dreams of goin
23、g halfway.,译文,绝大多数的成功人士都是梦想家，是普通人，但他们野心勃勃，敢于做大事。梦想家不会甘于平庸，因为他们的梦想是不会半途而废的,mediocre 普普通通的,Comprehensive Reading,2 . When we were little kids in the playground we didnt dream of hitting singles in the first inning. We dreamed of that home run in the bottom of the ninth to win the World Series. We dont
24、 dream of a life of struggle and hardship. We dream of doing something big, something splendid.,hit single ( 棒球) 击中一垒,inning ( 棒球) 一局,home run ( 棒球)(安全跑完一圈的)全垒打,Comprehensive Reading,译文,年幼无知时，我们不会只梦想在棒球赛的开局中击中一垒，而是梦想在第九局中完成本垒打，赢得世界职业棒球大赛。我们也不会梦想艰苦奋斗、充满挫折的一生，而是梦想轰轰烈烈地干大事，创伟业。,Comprehensive Reading,3.
25、 We all know that we have to put in the effort to reach our dreams, but the difficult part is that most of us dont know where to start working. We might have every intention of becoming Vice President in five years or running across the finish line in a marathon or completing the novel we started ye
26、ars ago. But often we have no idea how to translate these dreams into actions.,译文,我们都知道实现梦想需要努力，可对大多数人而言，难就难在不知从何入手。我们或许非常希望在五年内当上副总统，希望在马拉松中跨越终点线，希望多年前开始写的小说能够完成。但如何把想法付诸行动，我们却总是漫无头绪,Comprehensive Reading,4 . In order to make real steps toward completing our ultimate, big, splendid dreams, we have
27、to start with specific objectives. These are our goals.,译文,为了能不断接近我们最终的雄心壮志，我们必须从具体的事情做起。这些就是我们的目标,ultimate 最终的,Comprehensive Reading,5 . Dreams are where we want to end up. Goals are how we get there. Dreams are our vision of where we are after our struggle, the prize at the end of the journey. Goa
28、ls are the individual steps we take before we finally win the prize.,译文,梦想是我们最终的追求。目标则指引我们去实现梦想。梦想是我们为之奋斗之后达到的愿景，是旅程终点的奖赏。目标是我们拿到奖赏前一步一个脚印的努力。,Comprehensive Reading,6 . Our dreams are our master plan. Goals are our day-by-day blueprint that provides achievable objectives for continuous improvement.B
29、ut dreams and goals are interrelated.,译文,梦想是我们的总体规划。目标则是具体到每一日的计划，为不断进取制定的可完成的小目标。不过，梦想和目标又是密切联系在一起的,Comprehensive Reading,7 . Goals provide our daily routine. They show us where to start and they establish our priorities. They make us arrange our time and create the discipline we need in our lives.
30、 Getting yourself to establish your goals is one of the key factors in achieving success.,译文,目标为我们提供每天的方案，告诉我们从何做起，教我们分清轻重缓急。目标使我们安排好时间，生活行为得到规范。设立目标是你取得成功的关键一步,Comprehensive Reading,8. Lets say youre trying to climb up the ladder in a large company, and you are not optimistic about your chances bec
31、ause there seems to be too many people competing for too few jobs at the top. Your dream is that promotion.,climb up the ladder 飞黄腾达,译文,假设你在大公司供职, 正努力向上晋升。然而不容乐观的是，高层职位少之又少，角逐者却芸芸。你的梦想是获得晋升,Comprehensive Reading,What you have to do is to break down the dream into several parts that you can work on i
32、ndividually and then make a list.After studying the“dream”position, you decide that what theyre looking for is a hardworking person who can manage a team well and improve productivity.,译文,你要做的是把梦想分割成可以身体力行的几部分，列出一张清单。在对”梦寐以求”的职位做一番研究后，你得出定论：他们要找的是一个努力工作的人，他既要能管好一个团队，又要能提高生产率,Comprehensive Reading,9.
33、 Then, perfecting each of these characteristics becomes goals you can shoot for.,译文,那么，逐一完善自己的这些特点也就成了你的目标,10. The first thing you do is show your boss that you are eager to work hard. Begin to seek out more long-term projects to show you can keep a certain energy level over a period of time.,Compre
34、hensive Reading,Then you have to show your boss that youre a team player, that you take the time to work for the group and that youre the kind of person who makes the people around you perform better.,译文,首先要做的是向上司表示出你有勤奋工作热忱。多找些长期项目来做，以表明你可以长时间地保持一定的精神状态。然后花时间为团队工作，你能让周围的人在工作中表现得更好，以向上司显示你善于与人协作,Com
35、prehensive Reading,11. The point is that you must establish specific goals and clearly define them. Goals are not merely vague wishes, or hurriedly-made New Years resolutions. They are specific action items to be written down and followed.,译文,总之，你必须确定具体的目标，清晰地定义每一个目标。目标不是含糊的想法，也不是仓促定下的新年计划。目标是明确的行动，
36、写下来并要去努力实现,Comprehensive Reading,Task 1,Choose the best answer for each of the following statements according to Text A.,According to the author, we need dreams because _. A. dreams can give us a better future B. dream is a kind of nourishment C. dreams can give us hope when we are in difficulties D
37、. dreams can stop us from going halfway,C,( ),Comprehensive Reading,2. Dreamers are able to become successful people in that _. A. they are not ordinary people B. they like to be merely mediocre C. their dreams can often become true D. they dare to think big,D,( ),Comprehensive Reading,3. Which of t
38、he following statements is TRUE according to the passage? When we were little kids, we only wanted to hit singles in the first inning. B. When we were little kids, we dreamed of running home. C. When we were little kids, we dreamed our life was full of struggle and frustration. D. When we were littl
39、e kids, we dreamed that we would do something great in our life.,( ),D,Comprehensive Reading,4. The difficult part of realizing our dreams is that _. A. we dont know how to plan B. dreams such as becoming Vice President in five years are impossible to fulfill C. our dreams are too big D. most of us
40、dont know where to begin working on our dreams,( ),D,Comprehensive Reading,5. In order to take steps to fulfill our ultimate, splendid dreams, we have to _. A. take action B. start with creating goals C. go step by step D. believe in our specific objectives,( ),B,Comprehensive Reading,6. Whats the d
41、ifference between goals and dreams? A. Dreams are our master plan, while goals are how we complete the plan. B. Dreams are where we want to end up, while goals deserve the prize. C. Dreams are our vision of struggle, while goals are our day-by-day blueprint. D. Dreams are the individual steps, while
42、 goals are how we get there.,( ),A,Comprehensive Reading,7. According to the author, goals can do the followings EXCEPT _. A. providing our daily routine B. showing us where to start C. organizing us to live together D. establishing our priorities,( ),C,Comprehensive Reading,8. One of the key factor
43、s in achieving success is _. A. being paramount B. setting goals C. creating discipline D. establishing good friends,( ),B,Comprehensive Reading,9. The author gives the example of how to be promoted to a“dream”position in order to _. explain how we can realize our dreams by establishing goals B. sho
44、w it is very hard to be promoted C. explain there are too many people competing for too few jobs at the top D. tell us how we can get a promotion,( ),A,Comprehensive Reading,10. This passage mainly discusses _. A. what great dreams are B. how we can get promoted C. how dreamers become successful peo
45、ple D. the relationship between dreams and goals,( ),D,Comprehensive Reading,Task 2,Fill in each of the blanks with a word in Text A according to the explanations on the right.,1. _ satisfied with what one has 2. _ the right to have or do something before others 3. _ keep (sb) alive and well with fo
46、od; make well and strong 4. _ firm decision 5. _ continue to exist,content,priority,nourish,resolution,persist,Comprehensive Reading,6. _ not clearly expressed 7. _ secrecy 8. _ aim, purpose 9. _ state precisely the meaning of 10. _ a single person or thing,vague,privacy,intension,define,individual,
47、Comprehensive Reading,Task 3,At the very beginning of this unit, youve learned the techniques of reading long sentences.Please find the trunks of the following sentences citied from Text A and point out what kind ofsentence elements used in them.,We might have every intention of becoming Vice President in five years or running across the finish line in a marathon or completing the novel we started years ago. The sentence trunk: _ The sentence elements: _