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1、高考冲刺英语 完形填空,高级教师 王于,完形填空是NMET试题中的一个重要部分。“完形填空共20题(从第3655题)，考试时间为15分钟，分值为30分，占总分的20。在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文(约250词)内留有20个空格，每个空格为一题，每题有四个选择项，要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案，使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。填空的词项包括结构词和实义词。”“完形填空部分的目的是测试学生综合运用语言的能力”。,高中英语课程标准和考试说明 对高考完形填空的规定,语法结构,词汇辨析,篇章结构,高考完形 填空考什么？,考点分析,完形填空题是高考英语试题中一种综合性很强的题型。它既考查考生的
2、英语基础知识，又考查考生综合运用语言的能力，包括识词能力、阅读理解能力、逻辑能力和分析判断能力等。该题难度大、区分性强，是容易“拉开考生距离”的试题之一 。,命题特点,1. 选文特点 以记叙文、夹叙夹议文和说明文为主，语言地道，幽默中蕴涵哲理，富有正面教育的积极意义。,2. 选项设置特点 （1）首句完整不设空：目的是让考生对短文的前提和背景有个较清楚的了解，迅速进入主题，建立正确的思维导向。,要充分利用首句的标示作用，首句往往是全篇的关键句，它有概括和预示全文大意的作用，是判断文章体裁并预测全文主旨、大意的突破口，常含有解题和理解文章的重要信息。,例文1： Born in America, I
3、 spoke English, not Chinese, the language of my ancestors. When I was three, my parents flashed cards with Chinese 36 at my face, but I pushed them 37 , my mom believed I would learn 38 I was ready. But the 39 never came.,例文2：（陕西） I used to live selfishly, I should admit. But one moment changed me.
4、I was on my lunch break and had _ the office to get something to eat. On the way, I _ a busker(街头艺人), with a hat in front of him.,（2）侧重上下文语境：主要考查考生对上下文的理解，要求考生能摒弃语法分析，朝着语篇深层次的内容挖掘，借助上下文，揣摩作者的心情、态度及说话的语气等，通过语境来作出选择。考生一定要立足语篇环境，树立全局观念，瞻前顾后，连贯思维，从语境角度来选择答案。,例文： （重庆） My father bought home a sailboat whe
5、n I was ten, and almost each Sunday we would go sailing. Dad was quite skilled in sailing, but not good at 1 . As for me, I 2 both before twelve because of living close to Lake Ontario. A. boating B. running C. swimming D. teaching 2. A. enjoyed B. desired C. hated D. learned,以对文章的词汇意义和语篇理解为主，以考查惯用搭
6、配、常识和语法为辅。所给的选项一般是同一词类，或属同一范畴，主要考查语境，而在通常情况下只有实词才能较好地体现语境。,完形填空考查的重点,1. 从考查词的层面来看： （1）实词为主虚词为辅：完形填空所给的选项坚持了“以实词为主，虚词为辅”，待选词多为名词、动词、形容词和副词等实词，而介词、连词、冠词等虚词则相对考得较少。,2012年全国各地完形填空词性分布,（2）考查词汇的意义 Seeing the apple, the boy wanted it. The more he looked at it, the 3 he felt and the more he wanted that appl
7、e. He stood on tiptoe, 4 as high as he could, but even his tallest 5 he was unable to touch it. He began to 6(jump) up and down, as high as he could, at the 7 of each jump stretching his arms to get the apple. 3. A. sadder B. angrier C. hungrier D. tastier 4. A. expanding B. stretching C. swing D. p
8、ulling 5. A. strength B. length C. range D. height 7. A. tip B. stage C. top D. level,（3）考查词语的固定搭配,例文1： It suddenly _ me that if we want to go on a picnic tomorrow we had better do some preparations this evening. A. hit on B. struck C. occurred D. drawn,例文2： Some parents are greatly worried _ their
9、children fail to do well in their studies. A. about B. with C. when D. since,例文3： I was sitting in my regular barbershop for a hairdo. The boss lady was starting to trim my slightly curly hair which I believe she must be _ with a lot more than I do. She is my hair dresser! A. familiar B. popular C.
10、satisfied D. angry,（4） 考查近义词辨析,例文：(北京西城二模) Tired and exhausted, I came back home from work. I found the front door was slightly open and I felt a little scared. Did I carelessly forgot to lock it after I left? I looked around 1 to see what could be 2 . 1. A. tensely B. patiently C. eagerly D. calmly
11、 2. A. burning B. losing C. lacking D. missing,（5）考查兼类词,一词多义、一词兼有多种词类的词也是完 形填空常设为考点的词。 例文1：(福建) Born in America, I spoke English, not Chinese, the language of my ancestors. When I was three, my parents flashed cards with Chinese at my face, A. custom B. games C. characters D. language,例文2：（北京海淀一模） I
12、 was in P.E. when the planes hit the World Trade Center. As soon as I got home and for weeks after, I saw the disaster _ on the TV. A. expand B. occur C. strike D. unfold,例文3：(福建) I found the fish surrounded in a sea of customers. “Id like to buy some fresh fish,” I shouted to the fishman. A. farm B
13、. stand C. pond D. market,例文： (课标全国） The nurse had him take a 1 in the waiting area, 2 (telling) him it would be at least 40 minutes 3 someone would be able to see him. A. breath B. test C. seat D. break 3. A. if B. before C. since D. after,(1) 考查固定句型,2. 从句子的层面来看：,（2）考查语法 （主要是从句中的连词）,例文1：（天津） I cann
14、ot thank you enough for _ you told me one autumn afternoon when I was nine. A. what B. that C. which D. where,例文2：（北京） I used to hate being called upon in class mainly because I didnt like attention drawn to myself. And _ otherwise assigned a seat by the teacher, I always chose to sit at the back of
15、 the classroom. A. as B. until C. unless D. though,（3） 考查句意理解,例文1：（北京） He knew that his friends all had bicycles. It was 1 to hang around with people when you were the only one without wheels. He thought about what he could do. There was no point asking his parents, for he knew they had no money to
16、2 . 1. A. brave B. hard C. smart D. unfair 2. A. split B. spend C. spare D. save,例文2：（北京海淀一模） When youre a preteen, a huge problem might be that you just have to have a new rock-rap CD, 1 your parents wont give you the money for it. I thought life was so 2 when things like this happened until Septem
17、ber 11, 2001. 1. A. but B. so C. or D. for 2. A. unbelievable B. uncomfortable C. unfair D. uncertain,3. 从语篇层面来看： 命题趋向于侧重语篇，注重语境，讲究整体和体现语用的考查，而且考查内容多为关注情节发展的内在逻辑联系及词语运用的能力，逾越句子层次的试题占一半左右；要求学生要具有较强的语篇意识以及分析语篇结构、根据上下文线索进行逻辑推理并选择符合文章情节答案的能力。 ,（1）考查上下文语境 注意上下文的信息提示：信息提示出现在前文时，可以根据前文的信息提示确定答案；信息提示出现在后文时，
18、我们应该先把此空暂时搁置，在理解了后文的基础上，再确定答案。,例文1：（天津） Little did I know you were saving every penny you earned to go to the _ school.,A. business B. fashion C. law D. medical,I cannot thank you for what you told me one autumn afternoon when I was nine. After finishing my homework, I wandered into the dining room
19、where you buried under piles of law books. When you said you were in law school, I was more puzzled.,例文2： All of a sudden I started to feel rather 1 . She wondered why I was looking for this sort of 2 . I felt even more hopeless when she told me that it would be difficult to get a job without experi
20、ence. A. encouraged B. dissatisfied C. hopeless D. pleased 2. A. place B. job C. advice D. help,（2）考查利用词语复现 完形填空试题中，一些词语会重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现使得语篇中的句子相互衔接，从而构成一个完整的、有机的意义整体。把握这些反复出现的词语，有助于我们确定正确答案。,例文1：（北京） “Mama, when I grow up, Im going to be one of those!” I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Co
21、mpany perform when I was three. It was the first time that my _ took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training. A. hobby B. plan C. dream D. word,As I grew older and was _ to more, my interests in the world of dance _ varied but that little girls dream of someday becoming
22、 a _ in the company never left me. 文章最后：inspires people every day to follow their dream.,例文2：（天津） After finishing my homework, I wandered into the dining room where you were buried under piles of law books. I was _. Why were you doing what I do memorizing textbooks and studying for tests? When you s
23、aid you were in law school, I was more puzzled. Amused B. worried C. puzzled D. disappointed,例文3：（天津） Encouraged by your _, I have forged ahead, with my life journey, less afraid to make mistakes. description B. statement C. praise D. introduction,You smiled and said, “ In life, you can do anything
24、you want to do.” As young as I was, that statement kept ringing in my ears.,（3）考查综合理解文章，找出文章的主线,例文1：（北京海淀一模） A feeling of coldness ran down my back, and I cried just thinking of the possibility that it could have easily happened to my family. My mom or dad could have been killed like that, and I wou
25、ld never, ever see them again. I began to evaluate what a real _ in my life was. A. relationship B. problem C. need D. fate,When youre a preteen, a huge problem might be that you just have to have a new rock-rap CD, 1 your parents wont give you the money for it.,例文2：（北京海淀二模） I am sure there were man
26、y other lessons that I absorbed but no longer remember. What I did _, in general, was that there were explanations that the more I understood them, the more comfortable the world was to live in. A. consider B. promise C. explain D. learn,1. 看清上下文，找准关键词,例文1： Mrs. Smith asked questions and she didnt s
27、cold us either. A. no B. certain C. many D. more,解题方法,例文2：（江苏） Not giving up, he thought, if only he had something to stand on. His school bag wouldnt give enough height and he didnt want to _ the things inside, like his lunch box, pencil case, and Gameboy. A. break B. shake C. get D. hold,2.依据上下逻辑，
28、确定关系,例文1 ：（江苏） The boy wasnt much of a fruit-eater, preferring a bar of chocolate if given the choice, _, as they say, the forbidden fruit can be tempting. A. so B. then C. but D. or,例文2： I was not a large boy and the only bike we had in our family was too 8 for me to handle with a loaf of newspaper
29、s. I needed a 9 one. 8. A. tiny B. slow C. tall D. old 9. A. lighter B. stronger C. prettier D. smaller,3. 牢记词组，关注搭配,例文：（天津） I finally understood what role modeling _ in your life. found B. played C. kept D. provided,4. 利用语法知识，选出正确选项,例文1：（安徽） One afternoon, I walked into a building to ask _ there we
30、re any job opportunities. why B. wherever C. whether D. whenever,例文2： I went into a caf and asked for a coffee. 21 I was waiting for my drink, I realized that there were other people in the place , but I sensed 22 (loneliness). 21. ABefore BSince CAlthough DWhile,5. 利用词汇的复现解题,例文： How does a tooth go
31、 bad? The begins in a little crack in the enamel （珐琅）covering of the tooth. This happens after germs and bits of food have collected there. Then the decay slowly spreads inside the tooth. In the end, poison goes into blood, and we may feel quite ill. A. destruction B. decay C. fault D. hurt,例文： .I r
32、aised the pistol and fired. The animal fell backwards with an angry cry. Father took the smoking pistol from my hand , and fired another shot, which killed the gorilla. A. still B. yet C. even D. already,6.利用语气副词的情景解题,7. 依托生活常识, 找出选项,例文1： The amount of usable water has always been of great interest
33、in the world. 36(Owning) springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the 37 areas like the desert. Adry Bdistant Cdeserted Dwild,例文 2: (辽宁) This year I decided to do something to regain my good name as a kindly uncle. My 1 , Tony, had never forgiven me for the dictionary I had bough
34、t him as a birthday present last year. His 2 had no reason to be thankful to me either, because the year before, I had 3（presented） their dear son with a pot of paste and some funny pictures. 1. A. cousin B. daughter C. grandson D. nephew 2. A. friends B. parents C. classmates D. brothers,例文3： Somet
35、imes I really doubt whether there is love between my parents. They are very busy working to support the family. They dont act in the romantic ways that I read in books or I see on TV. _ flowers to each other on Valentines Day is even more out of the question. Taking B. Passing C. Buying D. Sending,能力训练：,1夯实词汇知识，特别是动词、形容词、副词、 名词，达到能综合运用的程度。 2掌握语法基本知识、结合词义、语境运用。3培养语篇能力，围绕问题寻找相关信息，归 纳概括出中心。 3多阅读英语材料，注重“语感”和阅读理解能 力的训练，做到见多实广。,解题方法：,总的原则: “先完意，后完形”。,八字方针：上下求索，瞻前顾后。,三步曲：读填读,谢谢！,