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1、六级听力,I.听力速度训练,听力速度直接关系到听力测试的成败，而且是影响考生测试心理的一个重要因素。测试中因为一道题没跟上而顿时慌乱，接连丢失几题的情况并不罕见。 如何训练听力速度？一种方法是“循序渐进法”，即由慢速到快速，逐步提高。这种方法可使初学者逐渐适应有声信息的接受方式，树立起听的信心。但是，人为地将大脑对语速的适应过程分成几个阶段，由慢到快地几经调整，始终处于消极被动的状态。而且，如果信息传播的速度过于缓慢，反而会拉长记忆的距离，造成遗忘，久而久之，大脑的反应速度也就变得迟钝了。 听力测试的语速是英语本族人讲英语的正常速度。为使大脑尽早适应这种语速，宜从一开始就以这种速度进行训练。初
2、期阶段会出现“坐飞机”的现象，但不必担忧，因为在这种语速的不断“轰击”下，耳朵会逐渐敏锐，从开始只能抓住只言片语到能接受一个完整句子，直至大脑完全适应了这种语速，接下来便是行使其记忆与判断的功能了。 在听力速度训练中，要抓住速度这个主要矛盾，采用语法及词汇比较浅显，但语速属于正常的有声材料。可试听VOA,BBC标准语速以及英文电影。,II.解决做题会出现的情况： 一. 听不懂 1）音的问题 英音和美音 英音，即R.P (Received Pronunciation) 美音，即G.A (General American) 举例：如hurry, hostile 两者的不同体现在 （1）英音中的在美
3、音中常发a 例词：box, fog, hot, fox, lot, etc. 例句：I was not told that he was a top student in the class. (2)英音中的a:在美音中，若放在f, ,s 或鼻辅音m,n,前，发 例词：demand, bath, behalf, glass, ask, etc. 例句： He was asked to make a speech on behalf of his manager.,（3）英音中的双元音ei在美音中常发e 例词：rain, basic, great, page, wait 例句： He has b
4、een waiting for me in the rain for more than an hour. (4)儿化音：美音中如果元音字母加上 r 则产生儿化音 例词： for, worker, bear, first, pair,2).弱读 a.通常情况下，以,o:,o,等重读形式出现，弱读时，用取代，如 and, or, but, that, of 等 b.有时候，重读形式中的长元音i:弱读为i 单词 重读 弱读 例句 the i: i Give him the apple. be Dont be late. me Tell me the secret. 例句： What am I to
5、 do? w t m ai t du:,3）连读 a. 辅音+元音：在一句话中，前一个单词以辅音结尾，后一个单词以元音开头，两词处于同一义群且语速较快时就发生连读。 例句：He put on his shoes and went out. The old women picked it up. b.元音+元音：在一句话中，前一个单词以元音结尾，后一个单词以元音开头，这时要发生连读，读音为j或w 例句： She is my aunt. (j) Do it now. (w),c. 一个意群里，若前一个词以r或re结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这时常常能听到连读r 例句： His hometown is
6、 far away. Take good care of yourself! d. 辅音+辅音：在一句话中，前一个单词以辅音结尾，后一个单词以辅音开头，后一个辅音发音，前一个不发音。即“吞音”现象。 例句：I can(t) do it. kick the bucket,4) 重音,词重音： 改变的是词性 动词 名词或形容词 record produce decrease increase perfect progress object conduct,句重音 We heard Mary singing in her room.,注意：有时候，助动词、介词、冠词等应弱读的词，也需要采用句重音。
7、Son: Mum, Ive got a B in my math room. Mum: So you have passed. 5)语调 Close the window. (委婉或有礼貌的请求) You have finished your paper. （怀疑） I think he will be competent for the job. (不确定) Whats the matter? （友好、关切） The lecture is rather boring , isnt it? 希望得到肯定回答 He hasnt got a new car, has he ?,二. 听什么？ 1）
8、小词 2）短语 3）一词多义 词汇 1.注意区分辨别语音上的易混词 例如： heel-hill-hell seat-sit-set-sat fill-fail-fulfill,(2)区分辅音 rice-rise coarse- cause train-drain hire-tire took-nook (3)区分一些似乎相似的连读音节 例如：wont be here- want to hear until Tuesday-have to stay cant ever- can never 2. 注意同音异义词 hear-here dear-deer two-too right- write-w
9、right(工人，工匠)-rite meet-meat-mete(边界，给予),例：“Our club meets every other Wednesday.” A. We meet once every two weeks. B. We met for an hour. C. They asked me and several others. D. They love to fly on windy days. A是答案；B中的“hour”与“our”发音相同；C中的“several others”与“every other”发音相近；D中的“windy days”是为了混淆“Wednes
10、day”的。,3.注意同义词语 W: Its surprising that Tom came out of the accident alive. M: Thats true. The car crashed into the wall and was completely damaged. Q: What was the consequence of the accident? A. Tom survived the accident. B. Tom was killed in the accident. C. Someone saved Toms life. D. It did litt
11、le damage to Toms car.,II.技巧和规律 六个技巧： 听前： 快速阅读选项；预测内容和题型 听中： 理解大意，抓住主题；注意小词和短语 听后：选择相近的选项；争取去找对立的选项 如何正确阅读选项？ 阅读选项的技巧：scan，关键要抢时间扫读、略读。 阅读扫描的技巧：找异同点，先纵读再横读,例句,11. A) He is quite easy to recognize B) he is an outstanding speaker C) he looks like a movie star D) he looks young for his age 12. A) consu
12、lt her dancing teacher B) take a more interesting class C) continue her dancing class D) improve her dancing skills,“莫非”法则：凡事要向不好的方面去思维 If anything can go wrong, it will. 出去玩儿一定会下雨。 汽车、火车、飞机、轮船基本都是晚点。 男生VS女生，女生样样比男生好 注意两点： 勇于放弃，要果断选择答案 一般情况下不要轻意地改动自己的第一选择,一、基本介绍 对话主要涉及人们日常生活中的话题。对话中的句子结构、成分、主题一般都非常简
13、单。一般来说每个对话的字数在40 - 50之间。语速基本稳定在每分钟150 - 160个单词。问题一般都是特殊疑问句，常见的疑问句开头单词：what, when, where, who, why, how。 二、小对话的分类 小对话常见的十种题型 1、数字价格计算 2、时间加减运算题 3、对话场景题 4、人物职业、身份、关系题 5、人物意图题 6、态度评价题 7、动作行为题 8、因果关系题 9、推断题（言外之意） 10、意义解释题,1、数字价格计算题 M：Wed like two rooms with separate baths and a large room with a double
14、bed. W: Yes, sir. The two rooms are $25 a day, and the large room is $18 a day. Q: How much would the man pay for the rooms for 4days? A.$172 B.$ 72 C.$100 D.$43,2、时间加减运算题 注意： 1).超前 earlier, ahead of time, in advance 2).准时 be on time, be on schedule 3).推迟 behind schedule, late, delay, put off, postp
15、one,4).时间的读法 6：00， 6：15 six fifteen/a quarter past six 6:30 ,6:45 six forty-five/ a quarter to seven/fifteen to seven 12：00 at noon ,24:00 at midnight 5).常见数的读法 18 路车 221BC 203房间 1980S,0.5 naught point five 0。C zero degree centigrade -5 。C minus five degrees centigrade/five degrees of frost/ five de
16、grees below zero 0.6% zero point six percent 1 one and a half a quarter/one fourth 6). 钱的问题 （1）打折 discount, discount rate, on sale, 50% off, a real bargain,三. 对话场景题 1.场景 两大固定场景： campus life(校园生活)；daily life(日常生活) campus life(校园生活) （1）上课、选课、听讲座、听报告 （2）作业 （3）考试 （4）图书馆 daily life(日常生活) （ 1）餐馆 （2）医院 （3）
17、银行 （4）邮局 （5）旅游 （6）打工 （7）机场、车站 （8）宾馆 （9）电话 （10）购物,校园生活 学生场景 freshman 大一学生 sophomore 大学二年级生, 有二年经验的 junior student 大三学生 senior student 大四学生，高年级学生 undergraduate student 本科生 graduate student / postgraduate student 研究生 masters degree 硕士学位 bachelors degree 学士学位 doctor student / doctor candidate 博士研究生 post
18、 doctor student 博士后 alumni / alumnus （男）毕业生,老师场景 professor 教授 teaching fellow 讲师 assistant tutor / mentor / director / supervisor 导师 dean 系主任 department 系 president 校长 staff 全体员工(商店、企业) faculty 全体教职员工 上课、选课、听讲座、听报告场景 take/sign up the course 选课 drop the course 退课 register 注册 pick up = learn cancel 取消
19、 full 报满 selective course / elective course / optional course 选修课 requirement / required course / compulsory 必修课 lecture 讲座 seminar 讨论班 credit 学分 introductory course 初级课程 advanced course 高级课程 math 数学 computer course 计算机,psychology course 心理学 physics 物理学 economics 经济学 computer science 计算机科学 sociology
20、 社会学 geology 地质学 chemistry 化学 biology 生物学 biochemistry 生物化学 science 理科 art 文科,作业场景 homework / assignment / project book report 读书报告 presentation 课堂发言 reading list 书单 turn in / hand in hand 上交 deadline 最后期限 due 到期 extension 延期 essay 小论文 大论文dissertation thesis 中论文 term paper 学期报告 proposal 开题报告,考试场景 Ex
21、am mid-term exam 期中考试 final exam 期末考试 quiz 测验 pop quiz 不提前通知的考试 grade / score 分数 pass 及格 passing grade 及格分 failing grade 失败 make up exam 补考 cheat 作弊,Exercise,2002年6月 A. Registering for course. B. Getting directions. C. Buying a new computer. D. Studying sociology.,W: The deadline for the sociology a
22、nd computer courses is the day after tomorrow. M: But I havent decided which courses to take yet. Q: What are the man and woman talking about？,A. Do the assignments towards the end of the semester. B. Quit the history course and choose another one instead. C. Drop one course and do it next semester.
23、 D. Take courses with a lighter workload.,2003.6,8. M: Mr. Smith, our history professor, announced we would be doing two papers and three exams this semester. I wonder how Im going to pull through when two other courses have similar requirements. W: Well, cant you drop one course and pick it up next
24、 semester? Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?,图书馆场景 shelf 书架 stack 书库 copier 复印机 reference room 参考书阅览室 periodical room 期刊阅览室 study lounge 自习室 reading room 阅览室 librarian 图书管理员 catalogue 书目 index 索引 volume 卷，宗 library card 借书卡 writing permission 书面许可 book reservation 借书 check out 外借 overdue 超期
25、 renew 续借 fine 罚款 return 还书 put on reserve 被限制在馆内阅读 magazine 杂志 journal 期刊 periodical 期刊 quarterly 季刊 current issue 现刊 back issue 过刊 author 作者 subject 题目 title 名字 key words 关键字,Examples,1995年1月 3. A) A teacher. B) A psychologist. C) A librarian. D) A publisher.,W: Im looking for textbook for my Psyc
26、hology course. Its called “Introduction to Educational Psychology“. Do you have it? M: Yes, we do. Youll find it in Section 24 on the top shelf. Q: Whats the mans occupation?,2000年6月 7. A) At a book store. B) At an art museum. C) At a newspaper office. D) At a gymnasium.,M: Mary is in charge of the
27、art and music section; and Charles, the sports page. What about you? W: Im responsible for the editorials. Q: Where does the woman work?,常用地点英语 1. 餐馆场景 restaurant 餐馆 dining hall 食堂 cafeteria 自助餐厅 bar 酒吧 inn 小旅馆，小客栈 motel 汽车旅馆 fast food 快餐店 snack food 小吃 snack bar 快餐店 pizza hut 必胜客 sandwich 三明治 hambu
28、rger 汉堡 burger king 汉堡王 French restaurant 法式餐厅 Italian restaurant 意式餐厅,食品： buffet 自助餐 salad 沙拉 soup 汤 eat soup 喝汤 soup spoon 汤匙 sauce 汁，酱 dessert 甜点 main dish 主菜 pudding 布丁 dressing 调味汁 doughnut 面包圈 French bread 法式面包 a loaf 一条面包 toast 土司 jam 果酱 apple pie 苹果酱 potato chips 土豆片 fish and chips French fr
29、ies 炸薯条 yoghourt 酸奶 steak 牛排 soft drink 软饮料 soda water 苏打水 orange Juice 橘汁 mineral water 矿泉水 lemon juice 柠檬汁 wine 酒 liquor 烈酒 beer 啤酒 a cup of beer 一杯啤酒,动作： menu 菜单 order dishes 点菜 bring me the menu 看菜单 recommendation 推荐，招牌菜 付账： pick up the bill 买单 I will pick up the table. Let me treat you. Let me
30、foot the bill. Its on me. I will buy the bill. AA制 Lets go fifty-fifty. separate checks split the bill tip 小费 Lets go Dutch. 各人付自己的帐,2001年1月 A. At the information desk. B. In an office. C. In a restaurant. D. At a railway station. ,W: I have a complaint to make, Sir. I had waited ten minutes at the
31、table before the waiter showed up, and I finally got served. And I found it was not what I ordered. M: I am terribly sorry, madam. Its a bit unusually busy tonight. As compensation, your meal will be free. Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? （C）,2. 医院场景 医生： 内科医生 physician 外科医生 s
32、urgeon 牙科医生 dentist 医院的部门名称： 候诊室 waiting room 急诊室 emergency department 小诊所 clinic 医疗中心 health center 校医院 infirmary 常见的生病症状： 症状 symptom 感冒 catch a cold 病愈 get over 发烧 fever 温度 temperature 咳嗽 cough 流鼻涕 running nose 肚子痛 stomachache 头痛 headache 过敏 be allergic to 心脏病 heart attack 骨折 fracture 脚踝 ankle 流血
33、bleeding,常见的设施： 体检 check up / physical examination 体育锻炼 physical education 常见的药品： 阿斯匹林 aspirin 药品 medicine 剂量 dosage 吃药 take the pill 药方 prescription 打针 injection 抓药 fill the prescription 一天三次 take the pills three times a day,3. 机场与车站场景、旅游场景 机场场景 机场 airport 起飞 take off 降落 land 盘旋 circle 行李 luggage 登
34、机门 boarding gate / departure gate 登机牌 boarding pass 离港 departure 起飞时间 departure time 机场费 airport fare 办理登记手续 check in 行李柜台 baggage counter 头等舱 first-class 经济舱 economy class 商务舱 business class 准点到达 arrive on schedule 晚点（到达）behind schedule 延误，取消 cancel 预定航班 make a reservation,旅游场景 旅游 trip ， tour 假期 va
35、cation 预定饭店 make a hotel reservation 去度假 leave for a vacation 旅行社 travel agency 观光 go sightseeing 避暑胜地 summer resort 夏威夷 Hawaii 悉尼歌剧院 Sydney opera house 带某人四处逛逛 I will show you around 饭店接待 hotel accommodation,4. 银行场景、邮局场景 银行场景 银行 bank 户头 account 开户 open an account 支票帐户 check account 支票 check 旅游支票 tr
36、avelers check 帐单 bill 付账 pay the bill 兑现支票 cash a check 取钱 draw 透支 overdraw 出纳员 teller 活期存款 current deposit 定期存款 fixed deposit,2003年1月 A. The bank near the railway station closes late. B. The bank around the corner is not open today. C. The woman should use dollars instead of pounds. D. The woman sh
37、ould try her luck in the bank nearby.,3. W: Excuse me. But could you tell me where I can change American dollars into British pounds? M: Theres a bank round the corner. But Im afraid its already past its closing time. Why dont you try the one near the railway station? Q: What dose the man mean? （A）,
38、邮局场景 邮局 post office 平信regular mail 挂号信 registered mail 邮票 stamp 邮资 postage 电报 telegram 加急电报 urgent cable 超重 overweight 快递 EMS （Express Mail Service） 联合包裹快递服务 UPS （United Parcel Service） 5. 租房子、住宾馆场景 宾馆场景 宾馆 hotel 小旅馆，小客栈 inn 汽车旅馆 motel 订房间 book / make a reservation 订满 booked up / occupied 客房服务 room
39、service 单人间 single room 双人间 double room 浴室 bathroom 前台 front desk / reception 行李搬运工 porter 叫早服务 wake up call,租房场景 房租 rent 房东 landlord 房客 renter / tenant 契约 lease / agreement 水电费 utilities 门厅 hall 家具 furniture 风景画 poster 橱柜 cabinet 书架 book case / shelf 淋浴管道 shower pipe 修理 fix / repair 坏了 break down 裂
40、缝 leak 管道 pipe 修理公司 roofing company 修理工作 repair job 修理工 maintenance man / repairman 管道工 plumber 电工 electrician,6. 电话场景、工作场景 电话场景 接线员 operator 长途电话 long distance call 越洋电话 overseas call 对方付费电话 collect call 占线 The line is busy / engaged. 把电话接通 put sb. through 让某人重打一次 give sb. credit for the call 关机 po
41、wer off 不在服务区 not at the service 先别挂 Please hold on / hold for a moment. 挂电话 hang up 投币电话 pay phone 打入的电话 incoming calls 打出的电话 outgoing calls,工作场景 老板 boss 秘书 secretary 前台 reception 雇员 employee 雇主 employer 面试 interview 面试管 interviewer 面试者 interviewee 部门主管 head of department CEO Chief Executive Office
42、r 首席执行官 提升 promotion 顶头上司 immediate boss 加薪 give a raise 资历 qualification 证书 certificate 经验 experience 经历 experiences 文凭 credential 辞职 quit / resign 退休 retire 失业 lay off,面试场景 申请工作 apply for the job 申请 application 全职 full-time 兼职 part-time 求职者 job applicator 简历 resume 职位 position / post 参加面试 have / t
43、ake a interview,4、人物职业、身份、关系题 5、人物意图题 题型特征： 第一个人经常提出一个请求、建议或意见等等，第二个人说的话一般以but为标志的句子来说出自己的意见。常见的提问方式：What do you learn from the conversation? 解决思路：关键要听懂第二个人but后面的话，but后面就是正确答案。,2002年1月 1. A) All the passengers were killed. B) The plane crashed in the night. C) No more survivors have been found. D) Its too late to search for survivors. W: Is the rescue crew still looking for survivors of the plane crash