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1、四级训练翻译,一 考试形式 二 考核重点 三: 答题步骤,一考试形式,1. 考试时间：5 分钟 2. 分值：5分 3. 由原来英译汉变为汉译英：06年6月 4.名为翻译，实为补全句子,二.考点分析,1. 核心语法（虚拟语气、定语从句，状语从句（最常考) 2. 重点单词 3. 固定搭配,一语法结构（grammar）,1动名词 （gerund ）：2道 87. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble_(找到去历史博物馆的路) (2006. 6 ) finding the way to the history museum 87.
2、Soon after he transferred to the new school , Ali found that he had _(很难跟上班里的同学) (2009. 6 ) difficulty (in) keeping up with his classmates / (in) catching up with his classmates,1、有些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，构成固定搭配，需特别记忆。常见的这类动词有： admit（承认） advise（建议） allow（允许） appreciate（感激）avoid（避免） cant help（禁不住）consider（考虑）
3、deny（否认）,dislike（不喜欢） enjoy（喜欢） escape（逃脱） excuse（原谅） feel like（想要），finish（结束），give up （放弃），imagine（想象），involve（包含），keep（保持）， mind（介意），,miss（错过） permit（允许）recollect（记得） recommend（推荐）suggest（建议） stop （停止） resent（对感到愤恨、怨恨） risk（冒危险） cannot stand（受不了）等。例如： 。,exercise,强化例句： After having spent whole morn
4、ings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. Its driver had a lot of trouble _(试图停车) trying to stop it 预测：很可能会考不定式（infinitive）。也该考人家不定式了,2虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）：2道 89. The victim _（本来会有机会活下来） if he had been taken to hospital in time. （2006. 12 ） might have survived,88. If she had returned
5、an hour earlier , Mary _(就不会被大雨淋了) （2009. 6） 答案：wouldnt have been caught by the heavy rain 点评：本题的考点仍然为两个：第一个是考查对虚拟语气的掌握,情态动词+完成时的结构。第二是考查对短语be caught by 的掌握，意思为“被所困”， 另外注意对雨这个概念的修饰，一定要用heavy rain 而不是big rain 。,虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测、或建议。而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示,（一）虚拟语气用于条件状语从句,exercise,强化例句：If, at
6、 the time, the British, it would have been completed. （不害怕侵略） had not feared invasion 预测：很可能会考一道虚拟现在的句子，如：If dad were alive, he would be horrified. 或者对将来的虚拟 If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.,3倒装 （inversion）：样题1道&真题1道 Not only_ （他向我收费过高）, but he didnt do a good repair job eit
7、her. did he overcharge me 考点：Not only 引起的部分倒装 （助动词提前） 正常结构：He not only overcharged me, but he didnt do a good repair job either. 强化例句：Only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened. （新概念英语）,91. (直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.（2008.6） Not until he had finished the mission 考点：Not
8、until 引起的部分倒装 （助动词提前） 正常结构：He didnt realize that he was seriously ill until he had finished the mission 强化例句：直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。 Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.,倒 装 结 构,1.概念：把谓语动词的全部或一部分放在主语之前，就叫“倒装结构”. 如： Are you fond of pop music? Away flew the bird. On the wall hangs a pi
9、cture.,2.分类：部分倒装& 完全倒装 完全倒装：全部谓语位于主语之前。 Here comes a bus. 部分倒装：只有助动词位于主语之前。 Never shall I forget about it. Only in this way can we succeed.,一、完全倒装,() 在there, here 引导的句子中，谓语是be, exist, live,lie 等表示状态的动词。,1.There is nobody in the classroom. 2.There happened an event last week. 3.There stands a temple
10、at the foot of the mountain.,(2)、在there/here ,now/then, out/in, up/down/away, off等开头的句子中,主语是名词,谓语动词为come, go, 等动词时。,There goes the bell. Now comes your turn. Out rushed the boy. The door opened and in came Mr. smith.,注意： 主语是人称代词时,则不需倒装。 Here he comes. Here it is.,(3)、such提前时，整个句子需倒装。,*Such is our te
11、acher, who loves his students very much. *Such is life! 这就是生活!,(4)、地点状语提前，且谓语是be , stand, sit , lie 等动词时,为了保持句子平衡。,1.On every piece of paper was a picture of a horse. 2.From a speaker on the wall comes the doctors voice. 3.On the ground lay a sick goat.,二. 部分倒装,句首为否定或半否定的词语，如 no, not, never, seldom,
12、 little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until /not only/hardlywhen 等。,I have never seen such a performance. Never have I seen such a performance. He could hardly read or write. Hardly could he read or write. She did not leave the room until the baby fell _asleep. Not until the baby fell asleep d
13、id she leave.,注意hardlywhen/no soonerthan的结构:,I had hardly reached the bus stop when it began to rain.,Hardly had I reached the bus stop when it began to rain.,2) so, neither, nor 作部分倒装 表示“也”、“也不” 的句子要部分倒装.,注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,意为“的确如此”,不用倒装。,Tom can speak French. _.jack也会 If you wont go, _.(我也
14、不去）,So can Jack,neither will I,Tom is a clever boy. _ . “Its raining hard.” _.,So he is,“So it is.”,3)、only+状语在句首引起的句子要倒装,1.Only in this way can you learn English well. 2.Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 3.Only when he is seriously ill does he stay in bed.,4) as“虽然”引导的倒
15、装句,Though he is a child, he knows something of electricity. Child as he is ,he knows something of electricity. Though he pushed hard, he could not move it. Hard as he pushed it, he could not move it.,5)so/suchthat句型中的so/such位于句首时,需倒装。 So angry was he that he declined to answer my questions. Such gre
16、at progress did he make that we were all proud of him.,4状语从句（adverbial clauses）：六道。重要考点。 1） 目的状语 （adverbial clauses of purpose）：2道 88. In order to_, Mother often takes on more work than is good for her. (挣钱支付我的学费) （2006. 6） make money to support my schooling 89. Youb better take a sweater with you _
17、(以防天气冷). （2008.12） In case it turns cold. 强化例句：This time he was crying for help so that _有人会放他出去,Someone would let him out,目的状语从句,常用引导词：so that, in order that，that,特殊引导词：lest, in case(以免), for fear that/of，in the hope that, for the purpose that, on purpose that,The boss asked the secretary to hurry
18、up with the letters so that he could sign them.,The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.,Take your raincoat in case it rains/ (should) rain.,Ill explain it to him lest he (should) doubt me.,exercise,2) 让步状语 (adverbial clauses of concession)： 3道 9
19、1. Though a skilled worker, (他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis.（2006. 6） he was fired by the company 89.I am going to pursue this course, 无论我要作出什么样的牺牲. (07.12) no matter whatever sacrifices I will make 89. Leaving ones job, 不管是什么工作, is a difficult change even for those who look forwa
20、rd to retiring. （2008.6） whatever job it is/ no matter what job it is,2).让步状语从句(不管;尽管),常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though,特殊引导词：as，while ( 一般用在句首 ), in spite of the fact that,; no matter ，whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever,The old man always enjoys swimming even thou
21、gh the it is ice-cold outside.,不管你有多忙, he always insists on coming with you.,No matter how busy you are,2） 时间状语 （adverbial clauses of time）：1道,90. Some psychologists claim that people （出门在外时可能会感到孤独）（2006. 12 ） may feel lonely when theyre away from home. 91. The anti-virus agent was not known (直到一名医生
22、偶然发现了它) (2008. 12 ) until a doctor discovered it accidentally / by chance.,时间状语从句 常用引导词：when, as, while, before, after, since , till, until, as soon as 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day, directly, immediately; (一 就) no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when,exercise,他直到妈
23、妈进来才起床,他一直工作到天黑,He did not get up till his mother came in。 He worked until it was dark,3) 条件状语 （adverbial clauses of condition）：1道,91. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning 如果你方便的话 . (2007. 6) if its convenient for you. exercise：如果你得到这样的一个机会，千万不能错过它 If you receive a opportunity like this, you can
24、not fail to seize it!,条件状语从句,常用引导词：if, unless,特殊引导词：in case（万一); as/so long as, on condition that, only if ; providing/provided that, suppose/supposing that(倘若假使),Well start our project if the president agrees.,You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.,只要坚持努力，你一定会成功的,如果总统同意的话，我们将开始我们
25、的项目,4） 比较状语 3道&样题1道 88. Since my childhood I have found that （没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力 （2006. 12） to me, nothing is more interesting than reading. 90. The more you explain, （我愈糊涂）（2006. 6） the more confused I am 88. In my sixties, one change I notice is that (我比以前更容易累了). (2007.12) I get tired more easily than
26、 before 90. On average, it is said, visitors spend only (一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in London. （样题） half as much (money),9) 比较状语从句,常用引导词：as(同级比较)as, not soas ; than(不同程度的比较),特殊引导词：the more the more , A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than,She is as bad-tempered as her father (is) .,The house is
27、three times as big as ours.,她跟她的父亲脾气一样坏,那个房子跟我们的一样大,More exercise,The older I get, 我越开心（新编英语语法教程） the happier I am 预测： 很可能会考结果状语（adverbial of result）、 原因状语（adverbial of reason）、 方式状语（adverbial of manner）、 地点状语（adverbial of place）。,5定语从句 （attributive clauses）：3道,88. The prevention and treatment of AI
28、DS is（我们可以合作的领域 ） （2007.6） the field （where） we can cooperate. 90. (与我成长的地方相比)，this town is more prosperous and exciting . (2008.6) Compared with the place where I grew up 87. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems (他们至今还没有答案) (2008.12) (which / that ) they have not com
29、e up with / found a solution to.,定语从句,概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词 的句子.,(Attributive clause),Mary is a beautiful girl.,Mary is a girl who has long hair.,形容词作定语,句子作定语,修饰girl, 叫做定语从句,1.The man is a worker.,2.The man is speaking at the meeting.,合并句子:,The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.,Mary is a gir
30、l.,Mary has long hair.,合并为一个句子,Mary is a girl who has long hair.,先行词,关系词,定语从句,Mary is a girl who has long hair.,关系代词,关系副词,which, who, whom, whose, that,Where, when,定语从句的用法:,当先行词是物时, 用which 或that引导.,These are the trees which were planted last year.,当先行词是人时, 用who, whom, whose, that引导.,who, whom, whose
31、, that用法区别.,who 作定语从句的主语或宾语.,The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.,The man is a worker.,The man is speaking at the meeting.,分解,作主语,Whom 作定语从句的宾语,The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.,The woman is a teacher.,They wanted to visit the woman.,分解,作宾语,whose 作定语从句的定语.,I know the g
32、irl whose mother is a teacher.,分解,I know the girl.,The girls mother is a teacher.,作定语,that 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.,注意: 关系代词作动词宾语时可 省略.,The woman (whom/ that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.,Exercise,1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.,who/that,which/that,whose,3. The man _ leg broke i
33、n a match used to be a football player.,2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.,4. My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.,5. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.,which/that,whom,6. Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.,which/that,7. Is there anyt
34、hing _ you want to buy in the town.,8.All _ we can do is to study hard.,9. The first one _ stands up is a little boy.,that,that,that,句子翻译,1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.,This is the doctor who saved the boys life.,2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.,The man who is running is my uncle.,3. 我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.,I like the music that I can sin
35、g along with.,4. 住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.,The woman who lives next door is a teacher.,预测： 会越来越多 综合性越来越强 目前还没有考过非限制性定语从句,6.名词性从句 (Substantive Clause )， 2道,91.Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is weighed upon (是用他们能够借道多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn.（2007.12） how much they can borrow
36、 90. _(很多人所没有意识到的)is that Simon is a lover of sports , and football in particular .（2009.6） what many people dont realize / what a host of folks dont realize,1.When we will start is not clear. 2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief. 3. My idea is that we should do it right now. 4.I
37、 had no idea that you were her friend.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,I 名词性从句的种类,二重点单词（key words）： 12道。,89. The professor required that (我们交研究报告) by Wednesday.（2006. 6） we (should) hand in the research report 87. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to adapt(使自己适应另一种不同的文化)(2006.12 ) on
38、eself to life in different cultures. 87. The finding of this study failed to consider (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内 ) (2007. 6 ) the quality of humans sleep. 87. (多亏了一系列的新发明），doctors can treat this disease successfully.(07.12) Owing to (或 thanks to) a series of new inventions,89. Because of the leg injury, the athl
39、ete (决定退出比赛) (2007. 6 ) decided to quit the match 90. To make donations or for more information, please contact us (按以下地址和我们联系) (2007. 6 ) at the following address 89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are (更有可能增加体重) (2009. 6) more likely to put on weight,91. The study shows
40、 that the poor functioning of the human body is (与缺乏锻炼密切相关) (2009. 6) closely linked to the lack of exercise 91.Though a skilled worker, (他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis. (2006. 6) he was fired by the company 90 I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store becau
41、se (它更方便和省时). (2007. 12) it is more convenient and efficient,87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research .(能应用于新技术的开发) (08.6) can be applied to the development of the new technology. 90. Through the project, many people have received training and (决定自己创业). (08.12) to launch / set up
42、 / establish / begin their own enterprise.,三固定搭配 (set structures)：三道,91. The nations population continues to rise. (以每年1200万人的速度). (2006. 12 ) at a rate of 12 million per year 87. The finding of this study failed to. (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内 ) (2007. 6 ) take account of the quality of humans sleep 91. Please c
43、ome here at ten tomorrow morning. (如果你方便的话) (2007.6 ) at your convenience,答题步骤,第一步: 通读句子，英汉一起读，理解句意。 第二步：利用动词、时间状语等线索，确定句子的时态。如2006. 12. 88： Since my childhood I have found that (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力) Have found 提醒：后面一定要用一般现在时。2006. 12. to me, nothing is more interesting than reading. 89：The victim （本来会有机
44、会活下来）if he had been taken to hospital in time. Had been 提醒句子谈的是过去，人现在已经死了。 might have survived 2006. 6. 91： Though a skilled worker, (他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis. Last week 提醒句子要用过去时。 he was fired by the company,第三步：汉译英。注意，先翻译谓语动词，把它放在前面。动词（动词词组）一确定， 你就成功了一半。如下面这个汉语句子： 我邻居去东京渡假
45、，因为钱不够，回不了家了。 先找谓语动词。这句话中有两个动作，“去渡假”和“回家”。哪个重要？ 哪个是说话人要告诉你的重要信息？是“回不了家”，所以 return 是谓语动词。 先翻译核心意思：My neighbor couldnt return home. 接着，“渡假”“钱不够”一前一后加上，把核心意思捧出来： My neighbor, who went to Tokyo for a holiday, couldnt return home because he didnt have enough money. (新概念英语),再如2007. 6. 90： To make donation
46、s or for more information, please contact (按以下地址和我们联系) us at the following address. 再如 2006. 12. 90： Some psychologists claim that people（出门在外时可能会感到孤独） may feel lonely when theyre away from home. 如果谓语动词不用你翻，就抓中文里面的关键词 (key word)。如2007. 6. 91： Please come here at ten tomorrow morning (如果你方便的话) if its
47、 convenient for you. 迅速想出关键词“方便”的英文单词和用法： 第一， it 结构：It is convenient for somebody 第二， at 结构：at ones convenience 有了主干，再往上添枝加叶就容易多了。,第四步：通读句子，检查错误。看看句子是否通顺， 你的翻译跟原来的英文是否协调一致。 注意，实在翻不出来，就不要硬拼，绕过石头曲折前进， 小溪才能汇入大海。.教大家一种“反译”的小技巧， 非常管用。其中奥妙不必言传。各位都是明白人： 1in the rivers. （河还没有干） Theres still water 2Students are still （学生们还没有到齐） arriving. 3他每次都赢：He never loses。 4我天天想你：Theres never been a day when I didnt miss you. 5我一夜没合眼：I lay awake all night. 比较：I didnt close my eyes all night.,