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1、外交文献选读,honghong zhu,课程介绍,教材：外交文献文书教程 黄金祺 课程内容： 外交文书 专著选读 电信和双边外交等,讲授方式： 1.以课本为主，主要讲解外交文书的写作格式，方式等 2.看外交资料，包括文献和纪录片等。 3.专著选读等主要了解其内容和作者的观点 考核方式： 课堂成绩期末考试 期末考试形式为闭卷考试,Notes,Definition: is most commonly used form of written communications affairs. There is no universal accepted rules for drafting them.
2、 There are 2 kinds of Notes: I. Formal Note: a personal letter used between the foreign ministers of one country and his counterpart in another, between one head of mission and another. It is the most formal form of written communications and deals with comparatively more important political affairs
3、 of diplomatic formalities.,Circumstances to use,1. A state to officially inform foreign governments of important events such as a change in its political system; change of state leaders; diplomatic recognition; establishment, severance or resumption of diplomatic relations; replacement of consuls.
4、2. To make representations on such issues as conclusion or revision of a treaty; convening of an international conference; the establishment of consulates on reciprocal terms; arrangements for visits of state leaders; other important political, military or economic affairs.,To inform another ambassa
5、dor of the assumption of post by an ambassador No. 20120829 Xian, August 29th, 2012 Your Excellency, I presented on August 28th, 2012 to His Excellency Bill Clinton, President of the United States of America the Letter of Credence by which the President of the Peoples Republic of China appoints me A
6、mbassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to United States of America. On the assumption of my post, I sincerely assure Your Excellency that I shall endeavour to establish good official and personal relations with you in order to strengthen the friendly relations between our two countries. I avail
7、 myself of this opportunity to express to Your Excellency the assurances of my highest consideration. Honghong Zhu His Excellency John Doe Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of United States of America Washinton DC,To inform the dean of the diplomatic corps of the assumption of post by an
8、ambassador No. 20120829 Xian, August 29th, 2012 Your Excellency, I presented on August 28th, 2012 to His Excellency Bill Clinton, President of the United States of America, the Letter of Credence by which the President of the Peoples Republic of China appoints me Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipo
9、tentiary to the United States of America. On the assumption of my post, I wish to assure Your Excellency that I shall endeavor to establish good relations with Your Excellency, Dean of the Diplomatic Corps. I avail myself of this opportunity to express to you the assurances of my highest considerati
10、on. Honghong Zhu His Excellency Mike Bering Dean of the Diplomatic Corps in the United States of America Washinton DC,To acknowledge the receipt of a Note about the assumption of post by an ambassador No. 20120901 September 1st, 2012, Washinton DC Your Excellency, I have the honour to acknoledge the
11、 receipt of your note dated August 29th, 2012 informing me that you have presented to His Excellency Bill Clinton, President of the United States of America your Letter of Credence, by which the Chairman of Peoples Republic of China apponits you Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the Un
12、ited States of America. In congratulating you on the assumption of your important post, I which to assure you that I shall endeavour to establish good relations, both official and personal, with you in order to strengthen the friendly relations between our two countries. I avail myself to this oppor
13、tunity to express to Your Excellency the assurances of my highest consideration. John Doe His Excellency Honghong Zhu Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Peoples Republic of China Xian,To acknowledge the receipt of a Note about the assumption of post by an ambassador No. _ Place , date Y
14、our Excellency, I have the honour to acknoledge the receipt of your note dated _ informing me that you have presented to His Excellency _, President (Chairman, King) of the United States of America your Letter of Credence, by which the Chairman (president, King) of _ apponits you Ambassador Extraord
15、inary and Plenipotentiary to _. In congratulating you on the assumption of your important post, I which to assure you that I shall endeavour to establish good relations, both official and personal, with you in order to strengthen the friendly relations between our two countries. I avail myself to th
16、is opportunity to express to Your Excellency the assurances of my highest consideration. (signed)_ His Excellency_ Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of _ Place,Circumstances to use,3. To fulfill diplomatic formalities as transmitting important messages from a head of state or government;
17、expressing congratulations or condolences; notifying the assumption of post by an ambassador, his departure or return. 4. Any other matter for which a Formal Note is deemed necessary to stress its importance.,To transmit a message of congratulation No. _ Place, Date Your Excellency, I have the honou
18、r to forward to Your Excellency, for transmission, the following message of congratulation from Premier _ of the State Council of _ to _, _: “His Excellency Mr._, President of _, _ _ Premier of the State Council of _ Place Date” I avail my self of this opportunity to renew to Your Excellency the ass
19、urences of my highest consideration. (signed)_ His Excellency _ Minister of Foreign Affairs of _ Place,To transmit a message of congratulation No. 123456 London, June 12th 2012 Your Excellency, I have the honour to forward to Your Excellency, for transmission, the following message of congratulation
20、 from Premier Hillary Clinton of the State Council of the United States of America to Her Majesty Queen of United Kingdom: “Her Majesty Ms Elithebath II, Queen of United Kingdom, On the occasion of the Diamond Jublee, I wish to express sincere congratulations and best wishes to You Majesty and your
21、country. Hillary Clinton Premier of the State Council of the United States of America Washington DC, June 11th, 2012” I avail my self of this opportunity to renew to Your Excellency the assurences of my highest consideration. Smart Brain His Excellency Mark Twine Minister of Foreign Affairs of Unite
22、d Kingdom London,To notify the passing away of a state leader No. 2012 Warsaw, April 11th, 2010 Your Excellency, I inform you with profound grief that Lech Kaczynski, President of Poland, passed away on April 10th, 2010 after serious air craft. Everyday from 8 am to 6 pm from April 12th, 2010 to Apr
23、il 22th, 2010 inclusive will be the hours for paying condolences at the Embassy. Adam Lazarski His Excellency San Zhang Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of China Warsaw,To express condolences (Head of mission to head of mission) No._ Place, date Your excellency, Shocked to lear of the un
24、timely passing away of _, _(office) of _(country), I wish, on behalf of my entire staff and in my own name, to express deep condolences to you and , through you, to the Government of _(country) and the family of the deceased. (signed)_ His Excellency_ Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of
25、_ Place,To thank an ambassador for offering condolences No._ Place, Date Your Excellency, On behalf of _ and the family of _, I wish to express thanks to Your Excellency, the diplomatic envoys to _ and other friends of the diplomatic corps for the messages of condolence sent by the diplomatic envoys
26、 and for their personal attendance and that of other friends of the diplomatic corps to show sympathy on the occasion of the passing away of _ of _ (country). I avail myself of this opportunity to renew to Your Excellency the assurance of my highest consideration. (signed)_ His Excellency _ Dean of
27、the Diplomatic Corps in _ Place,How to write,A Formal Note is written in the first person. Its component part, usually expressed in traditional French Terms, are: “L Appel” (such as Your Excellency for a minister, vice minister or an ambassador) which is usually placed above the body of the Note. Fo
28、r countries between which comrade are used for addressing each other, then the title comrade instead of Excellency or Mr. is used. “La Courtoisie” or the complimentary phrases which conclude the Note. Usually: “I avail myself of this opportunity to express” The word express appears only in a Note ad
29、dressed to a person for the first time. It is replaced by renew in further correspondence with the same person. It can also address as: “please accept, Your Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration.” 中文一般表示为：顺致以最崇高的敬意。,The signature of the addresser, which may includes his official des
30、ignation should it not be known to the addressee already The date, to which is appended the place of writing. The position where the date is put in the Note may vary. For a Formal Note in Chinese, it is placed below the signature. “La Reclame” which consists of the name and official designation of t
31、he addressee as well as the destination of the Note, and is reproduced from the address on the envelope. For a Chinese Formal Note, there is no Reclame. The name and designation of the addressee appear only in the appel. Such as: 乙国外交部长xxx阁下： xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 顺致最崇高的敬意 甲国外交部长xxx X年x月x日,If
32、the Note is numbered, the number is put at the top in the left corner for English Note, and right corner for Chinese Note. Avoid using any abbreviations. Such as date, United Nations. For a Formal Note sent from China, the original Note is Chinese whereas English or any other version is only transla
33、tion. The official text Formal Note is typed on special paper and for the first page, sheet with a national emblem printed at its head is used. For China, the paper used is traditional ricepaper.,Lesson 2 verbal notes,Verbal Notes, which drafted in the third person, is used much more often and dealt
34、 with wider range of affairs. It is less formal however not necessary less important. Like formal notes, there is no universal accept rules on drafting them.,To notify the transfer of a counsellor to a new post (translation) No._ The Embassy of the Peoples Republic of China presents its compliments
35、to the Foreign Office, and has the Honour to inform the latter that, after his return to China on _, Mr. _, Counsellor of the Embassy, has been transferred to a new post. The identification cards issued by the Foreign Office in favour of Mr. _ and Mrs._ are returned herewith for cancellation. The Em
36、bassy avails itself of this opportunity to renew to the Foreign Office the assurance of its highest consideration. (seal) Place, date Foreign office _ Place,通知参赞调任 X字xx号 Xx国外交部： 中华人民共和国大使馆向外交部致意，并谨通知外交部大使馆参赞xxx先生于xx日回国后已调任新职。 随照送回外交部发给xxx先生和夫人的身份证，请与注销。 顺致最崇高敬意。 使馆印 Xxxx年xx月xx日于xx,Structure,It has n
37、o Appel, but usually opens and concludes with a formula of courtesy as: The Embassy of the Peoples Republic of China (Ministry of Foreign affairs) presents its compliments to the Foreign Office(Embassy), and has the Honour to inform (request, state, forward acnoeldge). The ministry of Foreign Affair
38、s (Embassy) of A avails itself of this opportunity to express (renew) to the Embassy (the Ministry) of B the assurance of its highest consideration,Then, contains the date and the ministrys stamp, and below is the reclame. Verbal Note is not signed but may carry the drafters initials. Also, there sh
39、ouldnt be any abbreviations appeared in the note and as said in the formal notes, all original notes are Chinese, and others are translation version.,Notes on Miscellaneous matters,To request granting of a diplomatic transit visa Translation No. _ The Embassy of the Peoples Republic of China present
40、s its compliments to the Embassy of _ and has the honour to request the Embassy to grant a diplomatic transit visa, valid for _ days stay, to Mr. _, _ Secretary of the Embassy of the Peoples Republic of China. It is also requested that a laissez-passer will be issue to him. The embassy of the PRC th
41、anks the Embassy in advance for the assistance kindly rendered. Seal Place, date Embassy of _ Place,请发过境外交签证 X字第xx号 Xx国大使馆： 中华人民共和国大使馆向xx国大使馆致意，并谨请大使馆发给中华人民共和国大使馆x等秘书xx先生有效期为xx天的过境外交签证。 另请同时发给他免验证 顺致最崇高的敬意。 使馆印 年月日,注,一国派往他国和国际组织办理外交事务的正式代表，有三个不同的层次：大使是最高一级的，通常都授有“特命全权大使”之衔，是一国元首向另一国元首派遣的。公使次之，代办又次之。
42、享有比其他等级外交更高的礼遇,可以请求驻在国元首的接见.19世纪末以前,只有大国间才能互派大使,反映了大小国家不平等的地位,现在绝大多数国家均可互派大使. 大使馆的人员通常分为外交人员、行政技术人员、服务人员和仆役。除外交人员外，其他人员不视为外交官，通常也不享有外交豁免权。外交人员包括大使、武官、参赞、专员、一等秘书、二等秘书、三等秘书等正式派驻人员。,Notes on political affairs,Usually it is drafted like verbal notes, using the third person. It is used for things, such a
43、s notify ratification of an agreement, approval on convening an conference.,memoranda,Usually, memoranda doesnt have essential differences from a Note. However, it is more flexible but less formal than a Note. It doesnt begin and end with a formula of courtesy and neednt be signed! Usually, it is dr
44、afted in the third person, but it can also be in the first person. Prepared either before or after an interview as a formal record of the oral communication or conversation to avoid misunderstanding. If something is too detailed or too long for a note, memo is used instead as it can be as long as re
45、quired. Also used as a polite reminder of a certain matter. Can also be used as a special form of agreement, e.g. memo of understanding.,A memo can be delivered following an interview or like a note. In the first case, the memo doesnt need to be numbered nor sealed, nor reclame. However, the date is
46、 still necessary. If the memo is delivered like a note, it needs to be numbered, sealed and conclude with reclame. If it is delivered with a covering Note, then the memo is just an attachment. Usually, important memo is marked title memorandum, even with its subject of the communication. Paper used
47、for memo depends on its importance, rice-paper or paper bearing national emblem.,Memorandum The Protocol Department of the ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Peoples republic of China has the honour to inform the diplomatic missions in China that, at the friendly suggestion of the heads of a number
48、of diplomatic missions, the first protocol reform mentioned in the memorandum issued by this department on December 23, 1972 will be applied in the following way, effective from today: wheWhen a foreign Head of State or Government comes to visit China, the Protocol Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs will notify all the heads of diplomatic missions in China so that they can welcome