《四六级复习资料ppt课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《四六级复习资料ppt课件.ppt（43页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、Argumentation,The primary purpose: Convince the audience or reader of the thesis. The writer must pay more attention to the needs, concerns, and values of the audience than in essay to express. While the purpose of other essays is to inform or to entertain an audience or to express the writers feeli
2、ngs and experiences.,论文是指作者对某一问题发表自己的见解，论证自己见解的合理性，它所表达的是作者主观的看法，它往往要首先要简短的描述他人观点，树立靶子，然后批驳别人在这一问题上的看法，指出其合理成分，更多的是批判，最后论证自己的观点。由此可以看出，理由描写是介于说明文和议论文中的一种过渡。,Writing structures:,1. 简短引言。 2. 作者论点的明确陈述。 3. 不同论点的明确陈述。 4. 议论结果。 5. 结论。,议论文的突出特点就是要树立靶子，进行批驳。我们称之为Countering the Opposition。议论文的写作和说明文的写作模式基本相
3、同，但是要加入counter the opposition 段落。也就是说，议论文我们写成六段，引言段，反拨段，论证三段和结论。议论文要注重论据的使用，经常用的方法有定义法，事实法，举例法，引言法，数字法等，参见课本P220。典型课文分析参见课本P223。,I. Steps of writing,Put forward ones opinion,demonstrate ones opinions (reasons),draw a conclusion,注意： 1. 形成自己的中心论点。 2. 围绕相应读者的切身利益和知识水平展开论证。 3. 论据应与议论文的中心论点保持一致。 4. 对论据展开
4、论证时，一定要做到内容充实得当。 5. 层次清晰，富于连贯性。（使用过渡词）,英语写作常见句型,（一）段首句 1. 关于_人们有不同的观点。一些人认为_ There are different opinions among people as to _ .Some people suggest that _. 2. 俗话说（常言道），它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying_. Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases ev
5、en today.,3. 现在，_，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，_；其次，_。更为糟糕的是_。 Today, _, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, _ Second,_. What makes things worse is that_. 4. 现在，_很普遍，许多人喜欢_，因为_，另外（而且）_。 Nowadays，it is common to _. Many people like _ because _. Besides，_.,5. 任何事物都是有两面性，_也不例外。它既有有利的一面，
6、也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and _ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 关于_人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）_，在他们看来，_ Peoples opinions about _ vary from person to person. Some people say that _.To them,_.,7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题_，这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem _ which is bec
7、oming more and more serious. 8. _已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。 _ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.,9. _在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 _ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. I
8、t has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.,10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出_。很显然_，但是为什么呢？ According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that_ while. Obviously，_，but why?,（二）中间段落句 1. 相反，有一些人赞成_，他们相
9、信_，而且，他们认为_。 On the contrary，there are some people in favor of _.At the same time，they say_. 2. 但是，我认为这不是解决_的好方法，比如_。最糟糕的是_。 But I dont think it is a very good way to solve _.For example，_.Worst of all，_.,3. 对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，_而且_，最重要的是_. _is necessary and important to our countries dev
10、elopment and construction. First，_.Whats more, _.Most important of all_. 4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以_.。 There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can_,5. 面临_.，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来_.。一方面_.，另一方面，_. Confronted with_，we should take a series of effective measures to_. For one thing，_For another，_ 6.
11、 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说_.，另外_.。所有这些方法肯定会_.。 It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _.In addition. _.All these measures will certainly_.,结尾句 1. 就来讲我，我认为_是合理的。只有这样做，我们才能_ For my part, I think it reasonable to _. Only in this way can we _. 2. 总而言之，我相信_，只要_我们就能_，正如古语说的好_。 In conclusion, I
12、 believe that _. We can _ only if _, just as a proverb says _.,3. 人们开始意识到_的重要性，他们已经开始尽最大努力_我们相信_ People are coming to realize to the importance of _. They have begun to try their best to _. We believe that_. 4. 总而言之，我们离不开_但是同时我们必须尽力找出解决可能出现问题的新办法。All in all, we cannot live without_. But at the same
13、time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.,5. 随着社会的进步，_因此，_变的十分紧迫和必须。如果人人都为社会贡献自己的力量，社会将会越来越美好。 With the development of society, _. So its urgent and necessary to _. If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.
14、6. 从上述讨论中，我们可以自然地得出这样的结论_ From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that _.,7. 是到_的时候了，这是一些可能立即实行的措施。 It is high time that_. Here are some of the measures that might be taken immediately. 8. 解决_问题的简易方法不是唾手可得。但是对_的普遍认识可能是超正确方向迈出的第一步。 No easy method can be at hand
15、to the problem of _. But the common recognition of the importance of _ might be the first step on the right way.,9. 如果我们不能采取有用的方法来控制时态，一些不好的结果就会出现，因此我们应该做的是_。 If we cannot take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is
16、 _. 10. 事实已经审查，利弊已经权衡，偏见已经抛弃，不难得出这个结论，那就是_ When the facts are examined, its advantages and disadvantages weighed, and biased opinion cast away, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that _.,11. 就我而言，我在某种程度上同意后一种观点。我认为_ As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I
17、think that_. 12. 一言一避之，整个社会应该密切关注_问题。只有这样，我们才能_ In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of _. Only in this way can _ in future.,一些关于六级写作的复习建议 1. 注意平时的语法积累，很多学生在框架结构上都没有出现问题，而且句型结构也复杂多变，表达意思也比较精准，但是文中却出现了若干处的语法错误，这样其实是不可以的！提醒每位备考六级作文的考生更多关注细节，尤其是语法细节。 2. 注意星级词汇、短语的积累。虽然
18、很多学生以高分通过了六级考试，但如果翻其作文译成汉语，用词和小学生的作文没有太大的差别。大家平时在复习六级考试的过程里，看到一些重要的星级词汇和短语，就应该养成随时记录的好习惯，并在实际操作过程中给与应用 。,3、 注意从句结构的使用。从句就是所谓的复杂句。作为六级的考生，一定要注意尽可能熟练掌握三大从句。尤其熟练掌握定语从句、主语从句、宾语从句、原因状语从句、倒装结构这五大系列结构。 4、 注意多模写。很多学生习惯了去看一些范文，这个方法其实没有问题，当你自己没有办法写出很好的文章时，站在别人优秀的基础上是绝对可行的。但是很多学生只是强行去模仿背诵，但是偏偏却忘记了一个更重要的要素，那就是要
19、学会去模写，要把背诵到的知识放到自己的文章里，这样，才能真正意义上变成自己的知识。,Practice:,The Rise of Shanzhai Culture 1. 最近兴起了一股“山寨热”; 2.你如何看待山寨现象, 审题概述 本文是一篇论述山寨现象以及人们和你对此看法的文章。 第一段，概述方兴未艾的山寨热。 第二段，阐述山寨产品的优势以及给人们带来的好处。 第三段，论述人们和你对山寨现象的反对立场和观点，即山寨产品的非法性。,The Rise of Shanzhai Culture The vast array of knockoff name-brand products, such
20、as cell phones, DVDs, MP3 players, have made “shanzhai” the hottest word of the year. Now we wear shanzhai watches, talk through shanzhai cell phones, play shanzhai video games, use shanzhai computers, even watch shanzhai TV shows. Once a term used before some electronic products to suggest a copyca
21、t version of inferior quality, shanzhai now suggests to many Chinese creativity and trendiness.,With the media all over the rise of shanzhai culture, public opinions are clearly divided. Advocates invariably associate it with innovation, stylishness, the DIY spirit, open-mindedness and practicality,
22、 as shanzhai products often mix imitation with innovation a similar skin but a different heart. The end products are usually more functional and much cheaper than the original. Besides, they respond to the market more swiftly and they are more considerate in,design. Thanks to them, more people at th
23、e grassroots level can enjoy the benefit of modern technology. However, other people, including myself, hold more reserved attitudes towards the shanzhai fever. For all the popularity it has won, a copycat is a copycat. The mockery of the prestige products not only steals their profits but also upse
24、ts market competition. Moreover, shanzhai products thrive on the current legal loopholes.,Under the disguise of anti-dominance slogans, they make illegal profits by violating intellectual property rights and evading taxes. And to top it off, the so-called innovation is only senseless talk as true in
25、novation always faces huge costs and potential failures, while plagiarism simply builds success on other peoples risks.,第一段思路点评：综述山寨热现象。语言点提示：public opinions are clearly divided此句起承上启下的作用 第二段思路点评：主要阐述山寨产品的优势。语言点提示：（1）mix imitation with innovation混淆模仿与创新（2）respond to the market对市场做出反应 第三段思路点评：主要阐述对山寨
26、产品侵权、扰乱市场等方面的看法。语言点提示：（1）The mockery of the prestige products拙劣地模仿名牌,（2）thrive on茁壮成长、蓬勃发展、繁荣（3）legal loopholes法律漏洞（空子） （4）Under the disguise of anti-dominance slogans在反垄断口号的伪装下（5）violating intellectual property rights违反知识产权（6）evading taxes逃税（7）plagiarism剽窃、抄袭,文凭与知识的关系 Knowledge and Diploma 1. 目前社会上
27、存在这样一种说法：文凭越高越吃香; 2.而有些人则认为文凭不等于知识. 3. 你的观点,审题概述 这是一篇论述高文凭与知识关系的文章。 第一段，概述社会上文凭越高越吃香的看法。第二段，主要论述有些人文凭不等于知识的观点。 第三段，重点阐述你对此的看法。,Knowledge and Diploma,It is generally believed that a high diploma guarantees a promising future. Some people identify high diplomas with profound knowledge and exceptional
28、competence. Companies also tend to emphasize the academic achievement of a job candidate. Like it or not, there does exist a social reality the higher diplomas one gets, the more popular he becomes.,On the contrary, other people claim that a high diploma doesnt automatically translate into knowledge
29、. A diploma, in their eyes, is only the acknowledgment of ones educational experience rather than a guarantee of ones ability. Therefore, we can never measure the depth of ones knowledge by the grade of ones diploma. Besides, many knowledgeable people dont have a high diploma. Take Bill Gates for ex
30、ample. His dropping out of college cannot deny the fact that he is one of the worlds most learned men.,So I must say no one should ever equate a diploma with knowledge, because a diploma is nothing but a proof of a short-term study while genuine knowledge needs ones lifelong devotion.,Exercise:,大学生追
31、求名牌现象 University Students Pursuit of Famous Brands 1. 现在很多大学生都追求穿名牌，用名牌; 2.你对这种现象的看法, 审题概述 这是一篇论述对大学生追求和使用名牌看法的文章。 第一段，详述大学生热衷追求、使用名牌的情形以及人们的看法。 第二段，重点谈你对此的看法。,University Students Pursuit of Famous Brands “What perfumes are you wearing?” “Arent your shoes Nikes latest release?” “I like the Mickey ba
32、g you bought yesterday.” “I hear the Jack & Jones store is on sale this week. Do you wanna come along?” Dont feel surprised if you hear them coming out of the mouth of college students.,Its quite common to hear and see college students swapping information about the brands they like and the products
33、 they use. In fact, discussions about brand names have become one of the college students favourite pastimes. They learn about the latest fashion from each other, exchange tips about when and where to get the item, and buy it at their earliest convenience.,“Keeping up with the Joneses” is their conv
34、iction “If the Joneses have it, how could I have not?” About this current mindset of the college students, many people may hasten to show their disapproval. Theyll probably take it to be a reflection of the students vanity and superficiality. And they may lecture them on the virtue of being thrifty.
35、 However, I beg to differ. For one thing, name-brand products are usually quality products. They are something beautiful, endurable, and reliable.,therefore, theres nothing to blame about the pursuit of famous brands. For the other, college students are old enough to make their own decisions. Likewi
36、se, they must abide by the consequences if they make an ill-advised one. If they let their pursuit of brands eat into their budget for other more important issues, they should be able to correct their mistakes and keep everything in moderation. So this becomes no other than a good chance to learn management, isnt it?,