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1、解析英语四级阅读理解新题型 选词填空 狄建茹 Nov. 8, 2010,按照教育部高教司规定，2006年6月大学英语四级开始采用新题型。其中的阅读理解部分新增快速阅读和篇章词汇理解题 (选词填空) 两个新题型。,1. 测试目的,由于取消了以往词汇和结构的四选一的题目，为了更好的测试考生掌握词汇的情况，出现了新四级的词汇理解题。这种题型事实上也是完形填空的一种，目的在于测试考生综合运用语言的能力，即考查考生对篇章上下文的理解能力和使用词汇和语法结构的能力。以前的词汇题是以单句的形式考查考生，而新四级是以篇章的形式考查考生对词汇的理解。,选词填空与完型填空的比较,1）字数: 200-250 2）题
2、材：相当 3）难度: “集库型完型填空”（banked cloze）, 即一篇留出空白的短文，后面给出一堆提 示词和干扰词 (gapped text with a box containing prompts and distracters)。,2. 测试形式,从一篇难度适中，长度在200-250词左右的阅读文章中去掉一些单词，留出10个空格，然后再提供15个词，让考生从中选择合适的单词填入空格中，使短文意思和结构完整，通顺得体。,3解题要点,1）词义辨析 07-06-56 真题： Decades ago, there were only a _55_ number of drugs avai
3、lable, and many of them caused _56_ side effects in older people, including dizziness and fatigue. C) significant H) magnificent 大学英语四级考试（CET-4）试点考试样卷 Today, he is a _ 51_ doctor, runs his own clinic, and works with several hospitals. F) native H) effective J) prominent K) decent L) countless,C) sig
4、nificant,J) prominent,2）固定搭配 包含下面这些小品词的词组所组成的短语要特别注 意：above, after, at, beyond, by, for, from, in, of, on, out of, to, under, with 07-06-51 真题： Thats why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who _51_ in pain medicine. D) range M) respect O) specialize,O) specialize,3）理解句子之间的逻辑关系
5、大学英语四级考试（CET-4）试点考试样卷 Then Mrs. Malave, “She helped me stay smart while teaching me English,” he said. Given the chance to demonstrate his ability, he _50_ confidence and began to succeed in school. B) acquired D) regained I) hid M) recalled,D) regained,表示列举的连词： first,; firstly,; first, next, then;
6、in the first place; for one thing 表示原因的连词：because, since, as, now that 表示结果的连词： so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result 表示让步和转折的连词： however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of 表示对照的连词： on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast,表示补充的连词： also, further
7、, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, whats more, too, either, neither, notbut, not onlybut also 表示时间顺序的连词： when, while, as, after, before, since, until, as soon as, once 表示目的的连词： that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that 表示条件的连词： if, suppose, unless, in case, so (as) lo
8、ng as, on condition (that),4）词汇的复现 词汇的复现是指一个词以原词，指代词，同义词，反义词，概括词等重现在整篇文章的前后，整个文章因为它的出现而得到可前后衔接。 大学英语四级考试（CET-4）试点考试样卷 Calexico, Calif., implemented bilingual education, and now has dropout rates that are less than half the state average and college _56_ rates of more than 90%. A）wonder G）acceptance
9、N）breakthrough,G）acceptance,5）语法结构 a. 定语从句，主要考连接词，限定与非限定定语从句的 区别，定语从句的判断。 b. 非谓语动词 c. 主谓搭配一致 d. 否定句各种否定词及双重否定 e. 逻辑主语，在句法上不是主谓关系，但在语义上为施 动与动作的关系 f. 句型句式，如区别并列句，对称结构或省略，倒装等 复杂句子 g. 词类之间的搭配要求 h. 虚拟语气,06-06-56 真题： Nowadays, weather experts are able to , but they are still not _56_ sure what leads to it
10、 or what affects how strong it will be. C) deliberately I) completely,I) completely,4解题步骤,时间： 25 18 = 7分钟,第一步：通读全文 read through (1分钟) 提醒：通读要先居高临下，把短文各个自然段的段首扫一 遍。短文第一句是不出题的，它对全文起概括、提 示的作用。所以，一定要认真看懂第一句。 When Roberto Feliz came to the USA Then Mrs. Malave, a bilingual educator, began to work with him
11、 Today, he is a _ doctor, run his own clinic Robertos story is just one of _ success stories.,第二步：整理选项 classify the options (1分钟) 词性 (parts of speech) 分类，即将试卷中给出 的15个单词，按照名词、动词、形容词、副词的顺序 进行分类并标出，名词前写 n, 动词前写 v 等等。 标词性时的切入点是后缀 suffix，也就是词尾。,四级常用后缀,1. 名词后缀 1) -or/er/ess/crat/cis: worker, debtor, lazin
12、ess, democrat, physics 2) acy: democracy, accuracy, diplomacy 3) -ance, -ence : importance, diligence, difference, obedience 4) -ancy, -ency: frequency, urgency, efficiency, 5) bility: possibility, flexibility, feasibility, 6) dom: freedom, kingdom, wisdom 7) hood: childhood, manhood, falsehood 8) -
13、ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition: action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction 9) ism: socialism, criticism, colloquialism 俗话,白话,口语 heroism 10) ity: purity, reality, ability, calamity 灾难,11) ment: treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument 12) ness: goodness, kindness,
14、 tiredness, friendliness 13) ship: hardship, membership, friendship 14) th: depth, wealth, truth, length, growth 15) tude: latitude纬度, altitude (海拔) 16) ure: exposure, pressure, failure, procedure (手续) 17) grapy: biography, calligraphy, geography 18) -ic, ics: logic, mechanics, electronics, linguist
15、ics 19) ology: biology, zoology, technology (工艺学) 20) nomy: astronomy, economy, bionomy 生态学,2. 形容词后缀 1) -able, -ible: visible, flexible 2) 名词-ish: foolish, bookish, selfish (accomplish, vanish是动词) 3) ive: active, sensitive, productive 4) like: manlike, childlike 5) 名词-ly: manly, fatherly, scholarly,
16、 motherly, friendly 6) some: troublesome, handsome 7) ful: beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful 8) ous: dangerous, generous, courageous, various 9) ent: violent 10) most: foremost, topmost 11) less (表示否定): countless, stainless, wireless,3. 动词后缀 1) -ize, ise: modernize, mechanize, democratize, org
17、anize 2) -en: quicken, weaken, soften, harden 3) -fy: beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify 4) -ish: finish, abolish, diminish, establish 5) -ate: separate, operate, indicate,4. 副词后缀 1) (形容词)-ly：badbadly 坏地 / 恶劣地， carefulcarefully 小心地 2) -wise：likelikewise 同样地； clockclockwise (a./adv.) 顺时针方
18、向的 (地) 3) -wards：outoutwards 向外面地， northnorthwards 向北方地,两个问题： 1. 一词多性： display, concern, challenge 2. 以-ing, -ed 结尾的词既可能是动词，也可能是 分词转变而来的形容词，如: Shes holding her mothers hand. (holding做动词) holding company (控股公司) (holding做形容词) academic skills he acquired. (做动词) a newly acquired jacket (做形容词),07-06-55 真
19、题： Decades ago, there were only a _55_ number of drugs available, and many of them caused _56_side effects in older people, including dizziness and fatigue. C) significant H) magnificent J) limited,J) limited,第三步：选词填空 fill in the gaps (4分钟) 调动语法知识，先确定单词的词性，再去后面的list 中找同一词类的选项，挑出正确答案。,如何判断原文空缺处所需单词的词
20、性,1）名词的确定 a. 名词主要做主语、宾语。 b. 空格前的冠词 ，形容词和限定词也可作为判断所填词为名词的依据。 c. 介词后面必有名词。 07-12-48 真题： The children, after learning to resolve conflicts, took on the _48_ of peacemaker. H) images I) information J) offers K) projects M) role N) technology O) victims,M) role,2）动词的确定 a）一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。 b) 动词
21、前后最常见的是名词，代词，介词和副词。 c）名词或代词充当动词的（逻辑）宾语或（逻辑）主语，介词与动词构成习惯搭配，副词修饰动词，不定式符号后跟动词原形，这些均可作为判断所填词为动词的依据。 07-12-50 真题： The classroom _50_ opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with _51_, peaceful ones. It is in the classroom G) forward K) projects,J) offers,3）形容词的确定： 1形容词通常作定语或表语。 2形容
22、词前后最常见的是名词，副词，系动词，和表示比较级或最高级的 more, less, most, least等词。 大学英语四级考试（CET-4）试点考试样卷 Then Mrs. Malave, a bilingual educator, began to work with him while teaching him math and science in his _49_ Spanish. F) native H) effective J) prominent K) decent L) countless,F) native,4）副词的确定： 1. 副词能修饰形容词，动词或整个句子。如果句
23、子 的主干成分齐全， 那么所填词极有可能为副词。 2. 篇章词汇考查的副词多半以-ly结尾。 大学英语四级考试（CET-4）试点考试样卷 In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students _55_ outperform their peers in monolingual programs. C) consistently O) automatically,C) consistently,第四步：回顾检查 review （1分钟） 速度要快，只看有题的句子即可。,5总结和反思,按照大纲规定，要达到大学英语四级考试所考核的各项技能要求，考生掌握的词汇量应达到4500个单词和700个词组。,