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1、新高一暑假作业第十讲 （简单句和并列句）,主讲人:景丽 镇江市实验高级中学,I. 句子的分类（按结构）,1. 简单句 （Simple Sentences）,2. 并列句 （Compound Sentences）,3. 复合句 （Complex Sentences）,1. 简单句, He gives me a book. Tom and I play football together. We all laugh, sing and dance.,由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语 （或并列谓语）构成的句子叫简单句。,2. 并列句, I am poor I work hard. Be quick
2、 you will be late.,由并列连词（如：and, so, but, or等）把 两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成 的句子。,but,or,3. 复合句,由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成 的句子,从句是主句的一个成分。, We dont know who they are waiting for. When it rains, I go to school by bus.,II. 简单句的五种基本句型,1. 主语 + 谓语 The students are running.,2. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 John is a music teacher.,3. 主语 +
3、谓语 + 宾语 She likes her new bike.,4. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补 We call him Jack.,5. 主语 + 谓语 + 间宾 + 直宾 He brouhgt me a dictionary.,并列句的常用连词,我们常用并列连词and, not only but also等连接表顺接关系,Use your head, and youll find a way.,我们常用并列连词but, while, however, yet等连接表转折关系。,She tried her best, but she failed.,3. 我们常用并列连词or, ei
4、theror, 等连接表选择关系。, Be quick, or youll be late. Either you leave this house or Ill call the police.,4. 我们常用并列连词so, for等连接表 因果关系。,It was late, so we went home.,句子的分类（按用途）,陈述句 （Declarative Sentences） 疑问句 （Interrogative Sentences） 祈使句 （Imperative Sentences） 感叹句 （Exclamatory Sentences）, Light travels fas
5、ter than sound. 光比声传播速度快。（说明事实） The film is rather boring. 这部电影很乏味。（说明观点）,1. 陈述句,用来陈述事实或观点。,陈述句的否定结构,1. be 动词和情态动词的否定形式是 在be动词和情态动词后加not.,He was not watching TV last night. You shouldnt stay here.,2. 实义动词的否定形式，是在实义动词 前加助动词构成否定。,I dont understand your words. He hasnt done it yet.,要特别注意陈述句的否定结构,1. 否定转
6、移:主句谓语动词是think, expect, believe, suppose, guess 等表“认为” 的动词时,宾语从句的否定习惯上前移到主句谓语上.,I dont think I know you. She doesnt believe you are wrong.,2. 句中含有never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, nothing, nobody, nowhere等词时, 应视为否定句。,I could hardly hear anything. He rarely comes to see me. None of us
7、has been to Beijing. I saw nothing in the darkness. We could find her nowhere.,用来提出请求，建议或发出命令，肯定的祈使句用动词原形开头，否定的祈使句用Dont 或 Never +动词原形开头。,2. 祈使句,Sit down, please! Dont be nervous!,有时为了加强语气还可以在动词前面用上助动词do。,Do come earlier, please!,表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪， 常用what或how来引导。常见的句型结构： What + 名词 +主语+谓语！ How +形容词或副词
8、+主语+谓语！,What good news it is! What a silly question he asked! How cool it is today! How hard the students are working!,3. 感叹句,1)一般疑问句 常指用yes或no回答的句子，常把助动词be、have、do或情态动词等提到主语之前,4. 疑问句,You can finish the work in time.,Can you finish the work in time?,Yes, I can./ No, I cant.,2) 特殊疑问句 指用疑问词开头的疑问句，不能用y
9、es或no回答, Where do you live? What do you like most?,3)选择疑问句 这种疑问句通常提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择，供选择的部分常用or 连接。,Would you like some tea or coffee? Which jacket did he buy, the green one or the red one?,4)反意疑问句 由“陈述句+附加疑问句”构成，表示说话者对所叙述的事实虽有一定见解，但没有把握，提出疑问，希望得到对方的证实。,常见句型结构：前肯定后否定； 前否定后肯定,Work is a big part of y
10、our life, isnt it? They all had a good time, didnt they? He doesnt know her, does he?,其中附加疑问句必须与前面的陈述句在人称和数的方面保持一致,注意: 陈述句中的否定有多种形式，除了用not之外，还可以用hardly, few, little, never, seldom, nobody, nothing, nowhere等词表示否定，但否定的前缀和后缀不算否定。,She dislikes pets, doesnt she? Tom can hardly cook, can he? Nobody came h
11、ere just now, did they?,Practice,一指出下列句子分别属于简单句还是并列句。如果是简单句，说出是哪种基本句型。如果是并列句，请划出连接词。,1. All roads lead to Rome. 2. He got up, dressed quickly, washed himself and went out. 3. Is he a superman? 4. Dont be shy. Have a try. 5. The man dressed in black seems to be a spy. 6. He is a basketball fan, and h
12、is wife is a volleyball fan. 7. Honey is sweet, but the bee stings. 8. Hurry up, or youll be late.,1. All roads lead to Rome.,主语,谓语,宾语,简单句,2. He got up, dressed quickly, washed himself and went out.,简单句,主语,谓语,He is a superman.,3. Is he a superman?,系动词,主语,表语,4. Dont be shy. Have a try.,简单句,简单句,祈使句,祈使
13、句,5. The man dressed in black seems to be a spy.,系动词,主语,表语,简单句,6. He is a basketball fan, and his wife is a volleyball fan.,并列句,7. Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.,8. Hurry up, or youll be late.,并列句,并列句,10. The blue jacket looks nice on you. _ is it? Its 50 dollars. How many B. How much C. How lo
14、ng D. How often,根据回答“It s 50 dollars.”得知询问价格，用特殊疑问词“how much”,二单项选择,15. The air is fresh outside. Lets go and take a walk, _ ? will you B. shall we C. dont you D. arent you,祈使句中陈述部分用lets, 疑问部分用shall we; 陈述部分用let us, 疑问部分用will you.,16. Few well-known singers came to the concert，did they? _ .Such as A
15、ndy Lau，Jay Chou and Kristy Zhang A. No，they didnt B. Yes，they did C. No，they did D. Yes，they didnt,yes, no与后面的答语要一致，因此排除CD。 英文中根据事实回答，与汉语的习惯略有不同。,17. _ kind girl Nancy is! Yes, she is always ready to help others. A. What B. What a C. How D. How a,感叹句“What +a +adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！”,18. Could you tell
16、me _? Yes. He_ to the USA. A. where he is; has gone B. where is he; has been C. where was he; has been D. where he was; has gone,宾语从句为陈述语序，排除BC。询问现在在哪，所以为现在时。,21. You lent me some money a few months ago. _ ? I dont remember lending you any money. A. Did I B. Did you C. Do I D. Do you,借钱与否为过去的事，所以用过去
17、时。答案补充完整为“Did I lend you some money?”,23. Are you going to borrow a dictionary or a magazine? _ . A. Yes, a dictionary B. No, a magazine C. A dictionary D. Yes, both,选择疑问句的回答不需用“yes”或“no”, 直接回答所选项即可。,25. “Tom, _ afraid of speaking in public. You are no longer a small boy,”said Mum. A. not be B. not
18、to be C. be not D. don t be,否定的祈使句用Dont 或 Never +动词原形开头,32.Few people knew how to use the Internet in the past, _ ? A. did they B. didnt they C. did he D. didnt he,反义疑问句前否后肯，附加疑问部分的人称与数必须与陈述部分保持一致。few表明陈述部分是否定句，主语“people”为复数，用人称代词“they”代替。,33. Why is Tom absent? He must be sick, _ ? A. isnt he B. mu
19、st he C. is he D. mustnt he,当must用来对现在的情况进行推测时，附加疑问部分的谓语要与主语的人称和数一致。,34.I dont think he could have done such a stupid thing last night, _? A. do I B. could he C. did he D. has he,“I dont think + 宾语从句”句型变为反义疑问句时，附加疑问部分的动词、主语和时态与从句中的动词、主语和时态保持一致，并用肯定形式。,37._ fine weather it is today! A.What a B. How C
20、. How a D. What,感叹句“What + adj.+不可数名词+主语+谓语！”,38. _ long the bridge is! Let me drive you over it. A.What B. What a C. How D. How a,感叹句“How+ adj.+主语+谓语！”,41. The writer began to love her mothers desk _. A. after Mother died B. before she became a writer C. when she was a child D. when Mother gave it
21、to her,由全文第一句可知答案。其中“tall enough”表明作者当时是个孩子。,三 阅读理解,42. The passage shows that _. Mother was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughter B. Mother was too serious about everything her daughter had done C. Mother cared much about her daughter in words D. Mother wrote to her daughter in
22、careful words,由全文倒数第二段可知答案。,43. The word “gulf” in Paragraph 4 means _. A. deep understanding between the old and the young B. different ideas between the mother and the daughter C. free talks between mother and daughter D. part of the sea going far in land,由全文第三段和第四段可知答案。,44. What did mother do wit
23、h her daughters letter asking forgiveness? A. She had never received the letter. B. For years, she often talked about the letter. C. She didnt forgive her daughter at all in all her life. D. She read the letter again and again till she died.,由全文倒数第二段可知答案。,45. Whats the best title of the passage? A. My letter to Mother B. Mother and Children C. My mothers Desk D. Talks between Mother and Me,由全文第一段可知答案。,Thank you!,