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1、考点之倒装结构,全部倒装 在下面几种情况下，需把全部的谓语动词放在主语之前，构成全部倒装： (1)在There be/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。例如： Look, theres that bookshop I was telling you about. Long ago there lived a king with his three lovely daughters.,(2)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词如 here、 there、now、then、up、down、in、away、out等置于句首时，为使生动地描述情
2、景而采用倒装语序。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。例如： There goes the phone. Ill answer it. There comes the bus! Suddenly, in came a man with a mask on his face. (3)Such作表语置于句首时。例如： Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist.,(4)直接引语的全部或部分位于句首时。例如： “If you die, who will get your money?
3、” asked Holmes. (5)表示地点的介词短语开头的句子。 In the center of the square stands a monument. On the back wall hangs a portrait。 Inside the pyramids are burial rooms for the kings and queens.,(6)为平衡句子结构，或使上下文衔接紧密，而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，引起倒装。例如： Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use fore
4、ign oil. Seated on the grass are a group of students. Lying about on the floor are books and magazines.,2. 部分倒装 在下列几种情况下，只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。 (1) little, never, not, seldom, neither, nor, rarely, seldom, by no means, at no time，under no circumstances, in no case等表示否定意义的单词和短语位于句首时。例如： Little
5、does he care about what others think. Under no circumstances are you to leave the house. Not a word did he say at the meeting yesterday.,(2) 在notuntil, no sooner.than., scarcely/hardly.when., not only.but also. neither.nor.。.等句式中。例如： Not until he told me did I know the truth. Hardly had she sat down
6、 when the phone rang. Not only do the workers want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well. Neither does he drink nor smoke.,(3) 当only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。例如： Only then did I find I have made a mistake. (4) 在 so/such that。从句中，当so+形容词/副词或such+名词位于句首时。例如： So exhausted was she that she wanted t
7、o have a rest.,(5)当表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用so/as+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，表示“也是”。例如： Times have changed and so have I. Eves very tall, as was her mother. (6)当neither, nor位于句首， 表示前面否定的内容也适用与另一个人或事物时，常用neither/nor+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，表示“也不”。例如： They couldnt understand it at the time, and nor could we.,(7)省略if的虚拟条件
8、句，把助动词were、had、should提到主语前面时。例如： Had it not been for your help, we shouldnt have achieved so much. (8)as和though引导的让步状语从句时。例如： Child as he is, he knows a lot of things. Try as she might, Sue couldnt get the door open. Strange though it may seem, I like housework. (9)当may放在句首，表达祝愿时。例如： May you succeed
9、! 祝你成功！,四. 注意事项 当主语是人称代词而不是名词时，以简短副词开头的句子不倒装。例如： Here you are. Away they went. 2. 当only修饰主语而不是修饰状语时，句子不倒装。例如： Only you are responsible for what you will become in the future. Only in this way can you learn English well.,3. not 修饰主语而不是修饰动词时，句子不倒装。例如： Not one of the students knew the answer. 4. 当前后两个说话人谈论的是同一人、同一事时，常用so/as+主语+系动词/助动词/情态动词，不再采用主谓倒装。例如： I reminded you not to forget the appointment. So you did. You forgot your purse when you went out. Good heavens, so I did.,