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1、如何防備流感 HOW TO PREVENT INFLUENZA,衞生署中央健康教育組 Central Health Education Unit DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH October 2005,What is Influenza?,Influenza (flu): is a highly infectious viral disease caused by various types of influenza viral strains,Seasonal Influenza,Consultation rate of influenza-like illness and nu
2、mber of influenza isolates in 2004,In Hong Kong, the disease is more common in periods from January to March and from July to August.,病毒株數目,GOPC: General Out-patient Clinics GP: General Practitioners,Influenza Pandemic,3 pre-requisites for the start of an Influenza Pandemic A novel influenza virus s
3、ubtype emerges and humans in general have no immunity against it The new virus must be able to replicate in humans and cause serious illness The new virus must be efficiently transmitted from one human to another,Photo: source from CDC,Influenza pandemic Vs Seasonal Influenza,When compared to locali
4、sed “seasonal” influenza epidemic, the influenza pandemic: Spreads quicker and broader Usually associates with higher severity of illness and a higher death toll Has more serious consequences, greater social and economic impact,Photo: source from CDC,The relationship with Avian Influenza,The Hong Ko
5、ng 1997 experience and the recent situation in Vietnam have demonstrated the pandemic potential of H5N1 The threat of H5N1 to human health is closely related to the outbreaks of HPAI (Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza) in poultry The surveillance of potential virus responsible for pandemic influenza
6、 is an important part of contingency preparedness,The Governments 3-tier response system for handling major infectious disease outbreaks Alert Response Level Serious Response Level Emergency Response Level,Preparedness Plan for Influenza Pandemic,Alert Response Level,Scenarios : Confirmation of high
7、ly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in poultry populations outside Hong Kong Confirmation of HPAI in Hong Kong in imported birds in quarantine, in wild birds, in recreational parks, in pet bird shops or in the natural environment Confirmation of human case(s) of avian influenza outside Ho
8、ng Kong,Actions from Public Alert Level,Maintain normal way of life Pay attention to further announcements from the Government,Serious Response Level,Scenarios: Confirmation of HPAI outbreaks in the environment of or among poultry population in retail markets, wholesale markets, farms in Hong Kong d
9、ue to a strain with known human health impact Confirmation of human case(s) of avian influenza in Hong Kong without evidence of efficient human-to-human transmission,Actions from Public - Serious Level,Maintain normal way of life Prepare enough masks for possible exigencies Pay attention to and comp
10、ly with guidelines issued by the Government,Emergency Response Level,Scenarios : Evidence of efficient human-to-human transmission of novel influenza overseas or in Hong Kong Influenza pandemic,Actions from Public - Emergency Level,Use mask appropriately Pay attention to and comply with guidelines i
11、ssued by the Government,Current level ?,Why Should We Prevent Influenza,Changeable surface antigens of influenza viruses Potential threat Antigenic drift (minor changes) Seasonal influenza,Antigenic shift (major changes),Emergence of pandemic strain,Influenza pandemic,How to Prevent,Avoid touching l
12、ive birds and poultry and their droppings After contact with live birds and poultry, wash hands thoroughly with liquid soap and water immediately Poultry and eggs should be thoroughly cooked before eating Travellers returning from areas with reported avian flu outbreaks should consult doctors prompt
13、ly if they have symptoms of influenza after the trip. Let the doctors know the travel history and wear a mask to prevent spread of the disease,How to Prevent,Ensure good ventilation Avoid visiting crowded places with poor ventilation Prevent the trap of drainage pipe from drying and disinfect drain
14、outlets. Pour half a litre of water into each drain outlet and add 1 teaspoon of 1:99 diluted household bleach solution into the outlet once a week Keep your home clean, wipe furniture and toilet with 1:99 diluted household bleach solution once a day,8 Steps to Protect Yourself Individual preparedne
15、ss Before the pandemic comes When the pandemic comes,How to Prevent,Step 1 Be prepared Step 2 Get vaccinated Step 3 Keep hands clean Step 4 Use mask properly,8 Steps To Protect Yourself,Step 5 Know how influenza presents Step 6 Manage fever well Step 7 Practise healthy lifestyle Step 8 Be resourcefu
16、l,8 Steps To Protect Yourself,Step 1 : Be Prepared,Step 1 : Be Prepared,Build up good personal hygiene wash hands frequently wear mask when symptoms of respiratory tract infection develop cover mouth and nose with tissue when coughing or sneezing and dispose of soiled tissue properly in a lidded rub
17、bish bin avoid touching eyes, mouth or nose,Step 1 : Be Prepared,Seasonal peaks : Jan - Mar / Jul Aug Influenza vaccination one of the effective means of preventing influenza and its complications Influenza vaccination is recommended to special groups,Step 2 : Get Vaccinated,Step 2 : Get Vaccinated,
18、Step 2 : Get Vaccinated,People not suitable to receive influenza vaccination: Allergic to eggs, neomycin, etc Allergic to previous dose of influenza vaccine With bleeding disorders or on warfarin deep subcutaneous injection Suffer from acute febrile illness receive when recover,Step 2 : Get Vaccinat
19、ed,Two weeks after vaccination antibodies develop and provide protection Immunity declines over time,Step 2 : Get Vaccinated,Step 3 : Keep Hands Clean,Step 3 : Keep Hands Clean,Step 3 : Keep Hands Clean,Step 4 : Use Mask Properly,outward,Inward,Step 4 : Use Mask Properly,Points to note about wearing
20、 a surgical mask : The mask should fit snugly over the face Try not to touch the mask once it is secured on your face. If you must do so, wash your hands before and after touching the mask When taking off the mask, avoid touching the outside of the mask,Step 4 : Use Mask Properly,Points to note abou
21、t wearing a surgical mask : After taking off the mask, put the mask into a plastic or paper bag before putting it into a rubbish bin with a lid A surgical mask should be changed at least daily Replace the mask immediately if it is damaged or soiled,Step 4 : Use Mask Properly,Step 5 : Know How Influe
22、nza Presents,Step 6 : Manage Fever Well,Step 6 : Manage Fever Well,Step 6 : Manage Fever Well,Step 7 : Practise Healthy Lifestyle,Is one of the most effective ways to prevent communicable diseases To lead a healthy lifestyle: Eat a balanced diet Get regular exercise Do not smoke Have adequate rest b
23、uild up body resistance,Step 7 : Practise Healthy Lifestyle,Major components of a balanced diet A variety of food Whole grains as the major component of each meal Plenty of fruits and vegetables Adequate amounts of fluids,Eat adequate amounts of lean meat or beans, and reduced fat dairy products Avo
24、id processed or preserved food and food that is rich in fat, cholesterol, salt and sugar Have regular meals,Step 7 : Practise Healthy Lifestyle,Regular exercise : 30 minutes every day / accumulate exercise time in multiple sessions not less than 10 minutes each Physical activity of moderate intensit
25、y builds up cardiovascular endurance enhances heart and lung functions and blood circulation improves health,Step 7 : Practise Healthy Lifestyle,Step 8 : Be Resourceful,Knowledge can alleviate fear,Before crisis comes: Go through Influenza Pandemic Preparedness Kit During the pandemic: Up-to-date and accurate information & government advice available through pamphlets, posters, websites, hotlines & the media,Be prepared in advance Understand Influenza Work Together Prevent the PANDEMIC,謝謝 THANK YOU,