《英国文学课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英国文学课件.ppt（83页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、,Selected readings In English And American Litercatures Tracy_0823,Part one Old and Medieval English Literature,1. Old English Poetry and “Beowulf”(贝尔武夫) “Beowulf ” the national epic of the Anglo-Saxon and English people Alliteration( 头韵） 2.Middle English Literature and the Canterbury Tales The Roma
2、nce( describing the life and adventures of a noble hero) Geoffrey Chaucer the “father of English poetry”, “The Canterbury Tales” is Chaucers masterpiece (stories narrated by Pilgrims) he introduced rhymed couplet to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. (Couplet: A stanz
3、a of two lines, usually rhyming. ),King Arthur Arthur and His Round Table Knights,Sir Gawain and the Green Knights,The Renaissance,Renaissance (14851660) The Background: the society was in its transition from the feudalism to capitalism. Revival or rebirth of classical arts, culture and philosophy a
4、fter the dark ages of medieval The key word for it is humanism, emphasized secular concerns , express the interests of the rising bourgeoisie. Shakespeare, Spenser, and Marlowe are all famous literary figures in this period,Utopia (socialism) The definition of Utopia is “no place.“,Thomas More (1478
5、-1535),Edmund Spenser (1552-1599),The shepheardes Calwnder The Faerie Queene,Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593),1.University wits, the greatest pioneer of English drama 2. a)Tamburlaine b) Doctor Faustus c)the jew of malta 3.Verse consisting of unrhymed lines, usually of iambic pentameter. 无韵诗，素体诗,Fran
6、cis Bacon培根 (1561-1626),II.Bacons works “Advancement of Learning”学术的推进: “New Instrument” :新工具 the inductive method of reasoning 3. “New Atlantics” : an ideal society 新大西岛 4. “Essays” / 58 essays论说文集 A wide variety of subjects: love, truth, friendship, beauty, studies, riches His style: clearness, br
7、evity, force of expression his essays is an important landmark in the development of English prose,William Shakespeare,the greatest English poet and dramatist 154 sonnets, 37 plays, including 14 comedies, 12 tragedies, and 11 historical plays, 2 long poems. But for such a great writer, we have very
8、little definite knowledge about his life.,Shakespeares Tragedies,(1) Hamlet (2) Othello (3) King Lear (4) Macbeth, to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, to expose the insatiable greed and brutality (Shylock) hesitate bet
9、ween fact and fiction, language and action To be, or not to be - to live on in this world or to die; to suffer or to take action Soliloquy or monologue - fully reveal the inner conflict of the characters,poetry,1. Narrative poetry the epic the romance popular ballads 2.Lyric poetry the elegy: a lyri
10、c poem lamenting the death of an individual. the ode: a lyric poem of considerable length to sing in honor a person or a thing. It is serious in subject and formal in style. 3.Dramatic poetry : dialogue in the drama,Sonnet,A 14-line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme schemes
11、. Rhyme: abab cdcd efef gg 3 quatrains(3 four-line stanza )+ 1 couplet(2 lines),The period of the English Bourgeois Revolution, Historical background : two revolutions: puritan revolution and glorious revolution the transition from the absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy 1. two literary sch
12、ools of poets the school of Metaphysical the school of Cavaliers. 2. the most important poet:John Milton,Metaphysical Poetry（玄学派诗歌) It is the poetry of John Donne and other seventeenth-century poets who wrote in a similar style. dislike traditional poem Scholar, Highly abstract or theoretical;,John
13、Milton约翰弥尔顿,(1) the last great poems Paradise Lost失乐园 Paradise Regained复乐园 Samson Agonistes. The two most essential things: Puritanism and his republicanism. the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf. the main idea of the poem is a revolt against Gods authority Satan i
14、s the real hero of the poem. Satan led a rebellion against God with his unconquerable will.,John Bunyan (1628-1688)班扬,Puritan author His best known work, The Pilgrims Progress天路历程 a religious allegory,18世纪英国文学Cultural Background,1. Enlightenment Movement 启蒙运动 A progressive intellectual movement Enli
15、ghteners considered “Enlightenment” or “education” of the people to be their chief objective. They believed in the power of reason (the age of reason ) two groups: the moderate (Pope, Defoe, Addison)（温和派） support the principles of the existing social order) the radical (Swift, Fielding, Sheridan)（激进
16、派） crisis Sentimentalism（感伤主义）,18世纪英国文学,Complex: An age of prose( Addisons essay Swifts satire Fieldings novel) 1. Neo-classicism新古典 A revival interest in old classic works, order,logic (PopeAddisonSteel: model themselves after Greek and Latin authors) 2.Sentimentalism (Gray Goldsmith Richardson Ste
17、rne: discontent with the social reality “Heart”) 3.The beginning of modern novel Major novelists :Defoe SwiftFielding Richardson, 4.Pre-romanticism in English poetry 5.English Drama ( Sheridan: the school for Scandal),Neo-classicism新古典,A revival interest in old classic works, order,logic (model them
18、selves after Greek and Latin authors) 1.Alexander Pope蒲伯:Heroic couplet英雄双韵体 2.Joseph Addison艾迪生 and Sir Richard Steele斯梯尔 :The Spectator旁观者 3.Samuel Johnson : Dictionary,Alexander Pope蒲柏,Neo-classicism新古典 Heroic couplet英雄双韵体 Lines of iambic pentameter rhyme in pairs Pope carried this to its last st
19、age of perfection An Essay on Criticism,Sentimentalism,discontent with the social reality Thomas Gray格雷 (poem) Laurence Sterne (novel),II. Thomas Gray (1716 -1771),Sentimentalism The graveyard school墓园派,The beginning of modern novel,Smollett: First important sea novelist Laurence Sterne斯泰恩 : Sentime
20、ntalism Samuel Richardson 理查生: Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded 帕美拉 Clarissa Harlowe, or Virtue Triumphant 克拉丽莎 1.Daniel Defoe迪福 : Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记Robinson is the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist. 2.Jonathan Swift斯威夫特 ： a master satirist Gullivers Travels 格列佛游记 3.Henry Field
21、ing： Father of English novel、The founder of English realistic novel Tom Jones汤姆琼斯,Romanticism in Britain,The New Literary Trend (1798-1832) 1.Dissatisfaction with the society (1) A revolt against it (2) An escape from it 2. An introspection into ones inner world ( attention on spiritual and emotiona
22、l life) 3. The passions of man and the beauties of nature 4. A period of poetical revival,(1) The Romantic period is an age of poetry. (Blake , Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley , Keats) (2) The Romantic period is a great age of prose. Coleridge , Hazlitt, Lamb (3) This period is also a great ag
23、e of novels. Walter Scott Scotts historical novels combine a romantic atmosphere with a realistic depiction of historical background and common peoples life. Scott marked the transition from romanticism to the period realism.,William Blake布莱克,Symbolism,1.The earliest poems: Poetical sketches素描诗集 2.S
24、ongs of Innocence天真之歌 3.Songs of experience经验之歌 4.famous poem: The tigerLondonThe Chimney Sweeper,. Robert Burns (1759-1796),II. Burns Poems 1. Written in the Scottish dialect on a variety of subjects Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集 2. Songs of love and friendship- a new spirit of roman
25、ticism “A Red, Red Rose”一朵红红的玫瑰 3The rural theme / Beauties of nature “My Hearts in the Highlands”我的心呀在高原,Samuel Taylor Coleridge(1772-1834)柯勒律治,Poetic and critic “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”1798古舟子咏 “Kubla Khan” 1816忽必烈汗 Wordsworth and Coleridges s抒情歌谣集,William Wordsworth威廉华兹华斯,Wordsworths poe
26、ms 1.“Lucy”-harmony between humanity and nature 露西组诗(She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways） 2. “The Solitary Reaper”- pathetic pictures of the labouring people孤寂的刈麦人 3. “I wondered lonely as a cloud”- deep love for nature,George Gordon,“Childe Harolds Pilgrimage” 1812恰罗德哈罗德游记 “Don Juan” 1812-1823 maste
27、rpiece唐璜 a great comic epic of the early 19th century. The “ Byronic hero” is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin 名诗：She Walks in Beauty;The Isles of Greece,Percy Bysshe Shelly雪莱 (1792-1822),1. “Queen Mab”:麦布女王 His first long poem expresses almost all his major political ideas. 2. “Prom
28、etheus Unbound”:解放了的普罗米修斯 His masterpiece; a lyrical drama. 3. Lyrics on nature and love: e.g. “Ode to the West Wind”; “To a Skylark ”西风/云雀颂 “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”,John Keats (1795-1821),Not noble Died of TB Died at 25,John Keatss Odes,.,Ode on Melancholy,It reveals the contras
29、t between the permanence of art and the transience of human passion.,It reveals the contrast between the happy world of natural loveliness and human world of agony,Ode to Autumn秋颂,Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂,Ode to Psyche,The Development of Victorian Literature, Victorian Literature, as a product of i
30、ts age, naturally had its quality of magnitude and diversity. It was many-sided and complex, and reflected both romantically and realistically the great changes that were going on in peoples life and thought. the great period of the novel in Britain Critical realists were all concerned about the fat
31、e of the common people,The Genres of Victorian Literature,1)The novel became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought. Charles Dickens, William Makepeace Thackeray, Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte Elizabeth Gaskell George Eliot,Robert Browning勃朗宁 (1812
32、-1889),the most original poet, who improve and mature the dramatic monologue戏剧独白,The Brownings,Wrote an admiring letter to Elizabeth Barret( an invalid, a poet, six years elder) famous romance secretely wedded, eloped to Italy in 1846 Sonnets From the Portuguese (love poems to her husband)葡萄牙十四行诗 Ro
33、bert The ring and book (poetic drama) My last Duchess (dramatic monologue) A poem in which a single character, addressing a silent listener, explains his actions at an important moment or crisis in his life Home Thoughts From Abroad,Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892),Poet Laureate A real artist invents dra
34、matic monologue,Jane Austen简奥斯丁1775-1817,1. Northanger Abbey诺桑觉寺 2. Sense and Sensibility理智与情感 3. Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见 4. Mansfield Park曼斯菲尔德庄园 5. Emma爱玛 6. Persuasion 劝导,Austens writing style,1. The founder of the novel which deals with unimportant middle-class people. 2. Vivid pictures of ever
35、yday life of simple country society, the small world she lived in 3. Delicate description of the daily talks and doings of young people 4. Quiet irony and analysis of character,Charles Dickens (1812-1870),one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Victorian Age famous for his forceful socia
36、l criticism urban poor (Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people ) Character-portrayal is the most distinguishing feature of his works A mingling of humor and pathos 悲伤,Charles Dickens,The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外传 Oliver Twist奥利弗退斯特 American Notes美
37、国札记 The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店 Dombey and Son董贝父子 David Copperfield大卫科波菲尔 Hard Times艰难时世 A Tale of Two Cities双城记 Great Expectation远大前程,Thackeray (1811-63)萨克雷,Representative of critical realism different from Dickens, Less interested in direct social criticism Showing peoples vanity and their deluded
38、 efforts to achieve wealth and social status,萨克雷的主要作品,The book of Snobs (1846-47)势利者集 Vanity Fair (1847-48)名利场 Pendennis (1848)潘登尼斯 Henry Esmond (1852)亨利爱德芒德 纽卡姆一家 The Newcomes (1853) 弗吉尼亚人 The Virginians (1857),Vanity Fair名利场,Vanity Fair is Thackerays masterpiece. The term “vanity fair“ originates
39、from the allegorical story The Pilgrims Progress, by John Bunyan. The sub-title of the book, “A Novel Without a Hero” (the characters are all flawed to a greater or lesser degree ) The novel satirizes society in early 19th-century England (characterised by hypocrisy and opportunism).,George Eliot (1
40、819-1880),Mary Ann Cross,insightful psychological novels（心理小说 ）,Writing about life in small rural towns,乔治艾略特主要作品,亚当比德 Adam Bede (1859) 弗洛斯河上的磨坊 The Mill on the Floss (1860) 织工马南 Silas Marner (1861) 米德尔玛契Middlemarch (1871-1872) -a portrait of life in a provincial town, is considered her masterpiece.
41、 As a woman of exceptional (特有的)intelligence and life experience, she shows a particular concern for the destiny of women,The Bronte Sisters,Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855) Jane Eyre Shirley Professor,Anne Bronte安妮勃郎特 Agnes Grey艾格尼斯格雷,Emily Bronte爱米丽 勃郎特1818-1848 Wuthering Heights 呼啸山庄 （Heathcliff）,简爱
42、Jane Eyre (1847),Jane Eyre Mr. Rochester The center theme: women should have equal rights with man. （The position of woman in society） The problem of the bourgeois system of education; The problem of orphan;,Thomas Hardy,Works Under the Greenwood Tree(1872)绿茵下 Far from the Madding Crowd(1874)远离尘嚣 Th
43、e Return of the Native(1878)还乡 The Mayor of Casterbridge(1886)卡斯特桥市长 Tess of the DUrbervilles(1891)德伯家的苔丝 Jude the Obscure(1896)无名的裘德,His principal works are the Wessex novels, i.e. novels describing the characters and environment of his native countryside. He truthfully depicts the impoverishment a
44、nd decay of small farmers威塞克斯小说 . His pessimistic philosophy seems to show that mankind is subjected to the rule of some hostile and mysterious fate, which brings misfortune to human life.,English literature at the turn of the century,The turn of the century Oscar Wilde (1854-1900), John Galsworthy
45、George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950),Oscar Wilde (1854-1900),Irish poet and dramatist The literary school of decadence apostle of Aestheticism “art for arts sake”.,( his only novel) The Picture of Dorian Gray(1891)道林格雷的画像 剧作his comic masterpieces The Importance of Being Earnest (1895)埃耐斯特的重要性 . Lady Wind
46、ermeres Fan(1892)温德米尔夫人的扇子 An ideal Husband理想丈夫 童话 “The Happy Prince.“ (his fairy tales especially )快乐王子,John Galsworthy(1867-1933高尔斯华绥,The first trilogy “The Forsyte Saga”福尔塞世家 : The Man of Property(1906)有产业的人（It was a landmark in the development of Galsworthys art. It established his place in lite
47、rature as a representative of bourgeois realism in the 20th century English novel.） In Chancery(1920)骑虎难下 To let (1921)出租; The second trilogy, “A Modern Comedy”:现代喜剧 The White Monkey(1924)白猿 The Silver Spoon (1926)银匙 Swan Song (1928)天鹅曲,Bernard Shaw,Shaw was an essay-writer， language scholar and cri
48、tic， but is best-remembered as a playwright. problem plays.,Bernard Shaw,Widowers Houses鳏夫的房产 Mrs. Warrens Profession华伦夫人的职业 The Devils Disciple魔鬼的门徒 Man and Superman人与超人 Major Barbara巴巴拉少校 Heartbroken House伤心之家 The Apple Cart; 苹果车,A Brief Introduction to Modern English Literature,The effects of the
49、 First World War: A new age in English literature James Joyce Virginia Woolf D.H. Lawrence W.Somerset Maugham Joseph Conrad T.S. Eliot The effects of the Second World War on English literature William Gloding Doris Lessing Ted Hughes,Traditional writer,Some writers show continuity with the Victorian tradition of the novel George Bernard Shaw （1856-1950）， H.G.