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1、高考英语专题讲座之阅读理解,题型及解题技巧,一、细节理解题： 1、直接事实题： 2、间接事实题：,先阅读题干，确定读材料的时候要查找的细节及事实的范围，然后利用略读的手法找出出处。,需结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断。,Many American presidents in the 19th century were born in poor families. They spent their childrenhood in little wooden rooms. They got little education. Washington and Lincoln, for e
2、xample, never went to school and they taught themselves. Lincoln once did jobs of a worker, shop-keeper and post officer in his early years. A large number of U.S presidents had experiences in the army. The two best known were Ulysses Grant and Dwight D. Eisenhower. Grant was a general in the Americ
3、an Civil War and Eisenhower was a hero in the second World War. It happened that they graduated from the same schoolWest Point Military Academy(西点军校),1,Q: President Eisenhower became well- known . A. while studying in West Point Military Academy B. during the American Civil War C. after he was elect
4、ed President of the U.S. D. during World War II.,Eisenhower was a hero in the second World War.,Invited by Mr. Ye Huixian， host of the well received TV programme “Stars Tonight”， Miss Luo Lin， Miss Asia of 1991， appeared as the guest hostess on the Shan ghai TV screen last Sunday. Born in Shanghai a
5、nd taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition， she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years.,2,However， it still took her three months to lear
6、n the art of walking on the stage， dancing， singing，making-up and other proper manners， designed by the Asia TV Station. “Its really a hard job for me. I wont enter for such competition any more. Anyhow， I am quite lucky. I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I
7、won the title. This time， in Shanghai， Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，“ said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.,Q： Which of the following is NOT true? A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai. B. Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents. C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991. D. As
8、ia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.,Miss Asia of 1991, Born in Shanghai , designed by the Asia TV Station,二、主旨判断题：,题干形式： 1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this text? 3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea? 4)Wh
9、ich is the subject discussed in the text? 5)The best title for this newspaper article is _.,技巧：剔除细节或论据，找到各段的主题句 （topic sentence）,范围一般包括： 短文标题、主题（Title）； 大意或段落大意（Main idea）,Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sic
10、k and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they may
11、become normal citizens again. They things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value. They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them.,3,Q:What is the topic of the text? A. Young Thieves. B. An Unusual Illness. C. Reasons for Stealing D. A Normal Childs Act
12、ions.,Topic Sentence: Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal.,Boston- Thieves dressed as police entered a museum early Sunday and stole 11 paintings, including major works by Rembrandt, Dagas, Manet and Vermerr, FBI (美国联邦调查局) and the museum officials said. The
13、first judgment placed value of at least $100 million on the works stolen from the Isabella Gardener Museum, said Boston police spokes-man Jim Tordan William Bobinson, of Hardvard Univercitys Foggel Museum, called the objects stolen “major works.”,4,Q: What is the best headline for this newspaper art
14、icle ? A. A Theft Took Place in Boston B. Artworks stolen by Thieves C. Major Works D. Investigation into the theft,Topic Sentence: Thieves dressed as police entered a museum early Sunday and stole 11 paintings,5,You dream each night, even though you may not remember your dreams. While you dream you
15、r eyes move and your heart beats faster. Even your brain-wave pattern changes. Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health. They claim that without dream, people would go crazy.,Q: What does the passage mainly tells? A. How people stay healthy B.How sleep is necessary C.
16、Why dreams are important D. When people remember their dreams,Topic Sentence: Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health,Reading is the key to school success and, like any skill it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about
17、 how to put one foot in front of the other. A great athlete practices until he can play quickly, accurately(精确), without thinking. Tennis players call that “ being” in the zone.” Educators call it “ automaticity (自动).,6,Q: The first paragraph tells us _. A. what automaticity is B. how accuracy is ac
18、quired (获得) C. how a child learns to walk D. how an athlete is trained.,Topic Sentence:Educators call it “ automaticity,In America we have Halloween. In Mexico they have Todos Santos, which means “ All Saints”. This is the day in which people remember family and friends who have died. They visit the
19、 cemetery instead of going out to trick-or-treat. But they do have pictures of skeletons and ghosts hanging around. They also have many candy skulls to eat.,7,Q: What does the story mainly tells ? A. What holidays are like B. What Halloween is like in Mexico C. What happens during Todos Santos D. Wh
20、at we do on Halloween,三、推理判断题：,题干形式： (1) It can be inferred from the text that _. (2) From the text we know that _. (3) The story implies that _. (4) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be _. (5) The writers attitude towardis _.,技巧：找出作者所陈述的细节、事实以及能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，进行符合逻辑的推理。 注意：不
21、能以自己的观点代替作者的观点 解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。,One day a man walked a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches（蟑螂） and two spiders（蜘蛛）.” “What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my
22、 apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”,8,Q： The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the apartment， it was _. A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlord C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects ,Some
23、people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do is OK， they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes.
24、 Mr Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them， it is always the fault of the buses or air planes. Mr Neff knows almost everything. He doesnt ask que
25、stions；he answers questions. He never says，“I dont know.”,9,Q： Which of the following best describes the writers attitude（态度） towards Mr Neff? A. He finds Mr. Neff hard to understand B. He thinks Mr. Neff wonderful C. He feels pity for Mr. Neff D. He does not like Mr. Neff,应试策略,一、考纲对阅读的要求 二、二OO五高考英语
26、阅读理解试题分析 三、2006年高考命题走向 四、阅读理解题型研究 五、存在的问题与原因分析 六、阅读训练策略 七、高考英语阅读理解应试方法和技巧 八、补全对话题型特点与解题技巧,一、考纲对阅读的要求 要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书，报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义；(2)理解文中具体信息；(3)根据上下文推断生词的词义；(4)作出简单判断和推理；(5)理解文章的基本结构；(6)理解作者的意图和态度。（摘自2005年高考大纲）,阅读材料的选取遵循以下三个原则,1.阅读量不少于1000个单词，篇数不少于3篇； 2.题材
27、多样化，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等； 3.体裁避免单一化，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等。,阅读理解能力测试的主要要求：,1.掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节； 2.既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念； 3.既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等； 4.既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断； 5.能根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识正确判断生词的含义。,二、二OO五高考英语 阅读理解试题分析,1.阅读量大，读速要求高 2.体裁多样，题材广泛 3.语篇结构复杂，长难句多 4.深层意义题有所增加,2005年
28、高考英语 （全国卷） 阅读理解试题解析,A 篇,分析：本篇讲述一位母亲对女儿无私的爱。小女孩从12岁那年开始，每年在生日那天都会收到一枝栀子花，而且没有附带卡片，无法查出送花人。这是小女孩的生活充满了快乐和幻想。小女孩的妈妈也使她感到了爱与被爱。直到母亲去世后，小女孩才知道了神秘的送花人是谁。,41 主旨题。根据对全文的理解，文章以栀子花为线索，追忆了母亲对自己的爱，而且最后一段暗示出妈妈是送花人。所以母爱应是文章的主题。答案为： 42 细节题。从第三段最后一句“In truth, my mother wanted her children to see themselves much lik
29、e the gardenialovely, strong and perfect with perhaps a bit of mystery(神秘).”可知。答案为： 43 推断题。 从文中最后一段可知母亲去世后就没有人送花了，推断出送花人是母亲。答案为：,B,C,D,B 篇,分析：本篇讲述一个叫the Red Hat Society的组织，它是一个中老年妇女的组织，主张让中老年妇女在为家庭操劳大半生后享有更多的快乐和自由。,44 猜测词义题。 由“head of a chapter of the 7-year-old Red Hat Society”可知chapter属于the Red Ha
30、t Society这一机构的一部分，故可知答案为： 45 细节题。 根据第三段第二句话中的“and the same people who refused their parents way of being young are now trying a new way of growing old”可知他们不愿意像其父母亲那样长大，而且现在正在尝试以一种新的方式步入老年。答案为：,A,D,46 推断题。 从文章第一句话“If you take into consideration feminism(女权主义), a bit of spare money, and better health
31、for most elderly, the Red Hat Society looks almost inevitable(必然的).”可知“the Red Hat Society”是一个带有女权主义色彩的组织。答案为：,C,47 细节题。 根据第五段“Ellen Cooper, who founded the Red Hat Society”可知。答案为： 48 细节题。 根据最后一段“The point of this is that we need a rest from always doing something for someone else.”及“Were a ladies p
32、lay group.”两句话可知女士加入the Red Hat Society的目的是放松和娱乐。答案为：,B,C,C 篇,分析：文章讲述利用家鸽对丢车人进行诈骗的故事。这可算作最完美的诈骗，因为“罪犯”是家鸽，很难抓住真正的罪犯，而且失主的车并没有因付了赎金而归还。,49 推断题。 由第二段可知，失主先去指定的公园，找到鸟笼将钱系在鸽子脖子上。答案为： 50 推断题。通过原文第三段可知“lazier and more inventive criminal”是指鸽子的主人。他/她只需要打个电话，就可以等着钱飞回来了。答案为： 51 推断题。根据原文第三段可知“Police officer Ch
33、en”认为罪犯既得到了不可能归还的车的赎金，又不用亲自去偷车。答案为：,A,D,B,52 词义推断题。 “They”指代“Demands for pigeon-delivered money”。答案为： 53 推断题。根据第三段“then waits for the car-owner to place an ad (启事) in the newspaper asking for help.”可判断出罪犯是通过报上的寻物启事与失主联系上的。答案为：,D,A,D 篇,分析： 本文讲述了全球气候变暖对一些国家产生的负面影响。,54 主旨题。 通读全文就可以推断出文章是在讲全球变暖这一现象对许多国家
34、造成的不良影响。答案为： 55 细节题。 由第三段最后一句话可知由全球变暖引起的水面温度升高与更猛烈更具破坏性的暴风雨有关，既前者是后者出现的原因。答案为： 56 推断题。 从第四段可知Laupepa对美国不满是因为美国拒绝在减少导致温室效应气体排放的议定书（即京都议定书）上签字。答案为： 57 细节题。 从最后一段可知the Maldives和Tuvalu处境相似。答案为：,B,B,A,C,E 篇,分析： 文章作者由自己的儿子、女儿不喜欢并最终厌恶自然科学课这一现象，引发对学校教学问题的思考。,58 推断题。 从第一段“She learned by heart the achievements of famous scientists”可知Elizabeth要记住许多科学术语、著名科学家及他们的成就。答案为： 59 推断题。 从作者举的例子中可以看出他的孩子们已对科学失去了兴趣，并憎恶科学，因此首要任务是使学生们对这门学科感兴趣。答案为： 60 细节题。 从文章最后一段可看出作者在质疑学校自然科学课的讲授方法。答案为：,C,A,B,