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1、语法专题(一) 动词时态,1一般现在时 (1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作，表示现在的状态、特征、能力、客观存在或真理。,这样考过 (天津)My parents _ in Hong Kong.They were born there and have never lived anywhere else. Alive Blived Cwere living Dwill live 解析：句意：我的父母住在香港。他们在那里出生而且从未在别的地方生活过。根据句意可推断出：我的父母现在仍住在香港，因此选A。 答案：A,(衡阳八中)You have to be very careful with the dr
2、y wood.It _ very easily. Ais lighted Bis lighting Cwill be lighting Dlights 答案：D,(重庆)Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future _ to the welleducated. Abelongs Bis belonged Cis belonging Dwill be belonged 解析：句意：Williams 教授不断告诉他的学生们未来属于受过良好教育的人。belong to没有被动形式，故B和D两项被排除；belong to 不
3、用于进行时态，C项现在进行时不对，故A项正确。 答案：A,(福建)According to the literary review，Shakespeare _ his characters live through their language in his plays. Awill make Bhad made Cwas making Dmakes 解析：句意：这篇文学评论说，莎士比亚剧中的人物通过语言鲜活起来。本句考查时态，当介绍一种理论时，常用一般现在时表将来。 答案：D,(2)可表示按规定、计划及安排要发生的情况。常见的词有：go，come，leave，start，begin，arri
4、ve，reach等，如： The train leaves at 815.火车在815开。(强调时刻安排),这样考过 (浙江瑞安中学)Look at the timetable.Hurry up！Flight 4026 _ at 1820. Atakes on Bwill take off Ctakes off Dhas taken on 答案：C,(3)在时间和条件状语从句中，代替将来意义的行为或状态。,这样考过 (辽宁)My parents have promised to come to see me before I _ for Africa. Ahave left Bleave Cl
5、eft Dwill leave 解析：句意：我父母已经答应在我去非洲之前来看我。不定式to come to see me 表示的是将来动作，before引导的时间状语从句需用一般现在时表将来。 答案：B,(北京朝阳区)Dont mention this matter to him while you _ with him this afternoon. Awill talk Btalk Chave talked Dwill be talking 解析：while 引导一个时间状语从句，动词用一般现在时。当你下午跟他谈话时别提这件事。 答案：B,(2007济南)Remember to send
6、me a photo of us next time you_to me. Awrite Bwill write Chave written Dare writing 解析：next time作连词，引导时间状语从句往往用一般现在时。 答案：A,2现在进行时 (1)表示现在正在进行的动作。 这样考过 (东台期末)If a computer crashes，you will lose the file you _ on unless you save it regularly. Aare working Bwork Cwill work Dworked,解析：据句意：如果你平时不存备份，一旦计算
7、机瘫痪，那么你正在使用的文件就会丢失。选A，现在进行时。 答案：A,(2)表示最近按计划或安排进行的动作用进行时，常见的词有：come，leave，reach，return，go，start，arrive，die等。 He is leaving for Spain.他就要动身去西班牙了。,这样考过 (陕西)Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，_visit Beijing this summer. Ais going to Bare going to Cwas going to Dwere going to,解析：句意：Dr.Smith将在
8、今年夏天和妻子女儿们一起游览北京。本题考查主谓一致。由this summer 可知本句应用一般将来时，故排除C、D；together with 连接并列主语时谓语动词单复数应取决于其前面的主语，故选A。 答案：A,(2008昆明一中)How long _ in Hong Kong? For just the weekend.Ill be back next Monday morning. Ahave you stayed Bare you staying Cdid you stay Ddo you stay 解析：How long are you staying？是用现在进行时表示将来时的动作
9、。 答案：B,(2010青岛月考)I have got two tickets for the coming football match, and I _ my son to go to watch it. Atake Btook Chave taken Dam taking 答案：D,(3)使描述更形象，具有一定感情色彩。 He is always asking me the same question.Thats boring！他总是问我同样的问题，真烦人。 这样考过 (2008重庆)Teenagers _ their health because they play computer
10、games too much. Ahave damaged Bare damaging Cdamaged Dwill damage,解析：句意：青少年们正在损害自己的健康，因为他们玩的电脑游戏太多了。根据句意，青少年损害健康这一现象尚未完成，符合“进行时具有未完性”的特点。 答案：B,(江西上高一中)The naughty boy！He _ where he leaves his things. Aalways forgets Bwill always forget Cis always forgetting Dhas always forgotten 答案：C,(2008山东烟台)I don
11、t understand why you _ your mind constantly！We havent been able to decide where to spend our holiday，you know? Achange Bwill change Care changing Dhave changed,解析：当always，constantly与进行时态连用时，表示不耐烦、抱怨等感情色彩。句意：我不明白你为什么老是改变主意！我们还不能决定去哪儿度假，你知道吗？ 答案：C,(4)强调动作的暂时性。 Do you work here？你在这里工作吗？ No，Im just help
12、ing out until the new secretary comes. 不，我只是帮忙，直到新秘书来。,这样考过 (2008天津十二区一联)Are you still very busy? Yes，I _ the report for the manager and it wont take long. Ahave just finished Bam just finishing Chad just finished Dam just going to finish,解析：句意：你现在仍然非常忙吗？是的。我很快就会完成给经理的报告，一会儿就好。be just finishing sth.
13、表示“be finishing sth.at the moment”，没有be just going to这种说法。 答案：B,(5)be间或用于进行时态，表示一时的表现。 He is just being polite.他只是要表现自己有礼貌。(有讥讽之意) (6)以下动词通常不用于进行时态： love，like，hate，hope，wish，want，prefer，know，understand，remember，agree，believe，recognize，guess，suppose，mean，hear，see，seem，find，mind，have(有)等。,这样考过 (北京西城区)
14、He has been receiving phone calls from journalists since he became famous.They _ to know what will become of his life in the future. Ahave wanted Bare wanting Cwant Dwanted,解析：根据语境“自从他成名之后，他一直不断地接到记者打来的电话”。记者们(打电话)是想知道他将来的生活会怎样。want用一般现在式，如果是表达记者一直打电话，可以用进行式。 答案：C,(2008上海)Do you know if Terry will g
15、o camping this weekend? Terry？Never！She _ tents and fresh air! Ahas hated Bhated Cwill hate Dhates 解析：句意：你知道Terry本周末是否去野营吗？Terry要去野营？不会的！她不喜欢帐篷和新鲜的空气。根据句意可知，说话者在陈述Terry现在的嗜好，应该用一般现在时。 答案：D,3一般将来时 (1)表示将来发生的动作或将来存在的状态。 这样考过 (泰安模拟)The meeting is scheduled to begin at 7 oclock. But there _ a delay. Aha
16、d been Bhas been Cwill be Dwas 解析：根据上句“会议预定在七点开始”。由现在推测会议出现“推迟”，所以选C，表将来。其它选项不合语境。,答案：C,(唐山模拟)Share some of yours with those in great need and you _ a difference. Awill make Bmake Cmade Dhave made 解析：本句是“祈使句and简单句”句型，根据所给语境可知简单句中的动作尚未发生，因此用一般将来时。 答案：A,(2)在条件或时间状语从句中，使用一般现在时或现在完成时表达一般将来时。 Tell me whe
17、n he will come. 告诉我他何时来。(宾语从句) Tell me when he comes.When he comes，tell me. 他来时，通知我。(时间状语从句) If he will come，I can help him.如果他愿意来，我可以帮助他。(will为情态动词，表意愿，不表将来。) (3)be to do也可表将来。,这样考过 (江西吉安一中)No one _ the building without the permission of the police. Ato leave Bis about to leave Cleaves Dis to leave
18、 答案：D,(4)be about to do意为“正要去做”，一般不与明确的时间状语连用。但常与when连用“be about to do.when.”。,4现在完成时 现在完成时跨在两个时间之上，一是过去，一是现在。由“have/has过去分词”构成。其使用有三种情况： (1)现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响；往往是说话人的兴趣所在。 He has gone to the library.他去图书馆了。(has gone去而未归) He has been to the library.他去过图书馆。(has been去而复归),这样考过 (北京丰台区)Good mor
19、ning，I wonder if you can help.I _ my coat. Oh，where did you lose it，madam? Ahave lost Blost Chad lost Dlose 解析：由句中求助知“丢了”外衣，强调结果，故选A。 答案：A,(邢台模拟)We _ to put off our school sports meet until next month. I _ that. Adecided; didnt expect Bhavent decided; havent expected Chave decided; didnt expect Ddec
20、ide; havent expected,解析：由句中时间状语until next month知第一空为现在完成时，强调“已决定了”，即结果；第二空是指在此之前没想到，用过去时。综上，选C。 答案：C,(北京市海淀区)You really need to go out and get some fresh air and sunshine.You _ overworked during the last two weeks. Ahave been Bwere Chad been Dwould be 解析：你真的需要到外面透透气了，最近两周你一直劳累过度。从语境中可知，近两周的劳累对现在有影响(
21、需要休息)，故用现在完成式。 答案：A,(2)现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常用for和since这种表示一段时间的状语，或so far、now、today、this week(month，year)等表示包括现在时间在内的状语，以及和just、recently、before，never，always、often、already，yet等笼统地表示过去时间的状语连用。,这样考过 (全国)Progress _ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time. Awas
22、 Bhad been Chas been Dwill be 解析：句意：到目前为止，一切进展良好，我们确信工作能够按时完成。so far(by now)提示我们要用现在完成时态。 答案：C,(江西)What is the price of petrol these days? Oh，it _ sharply since last month. Ais raised Bhas risen Chas arisen Dis increased,解析：句意：近些天石油的价格如何？哦，自上个月以来油价猛涨。由句中的since可知，主句应用现在完成时，故排除A、D两项；表示物价的上升或河水等的上涨用ris
23、e，而arise表“起床，起身”时通常用于文学中，eg.He arose at dawn.他黎明即起。 答案：B,(江苏)The population of Jiangsu _ to more than twice what it was in 1949.The figure is now approaching 74 million. Ahas grown Bhave grown Cgrew Dare growing,解析：句意：江苏人口与1949年相比增长了两倍多。现在的人数接近74,000,000。根据句意，本句指自从1949年以来人口已经增长了两倍多，应该用现在完成时。而且，要注意主语
24、是population(属集体名词)，谓语动词用单数。 答案：A,(山东)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since 1997. Ais Bare Chas been Dhave been 解析：句意：在中国上大学的外国留学生的数量自1997年以来稳步上升。由since 1997可知应用现在完成时，The number of.的数量，作主语时谓语动词要用单数，故答案选C。 答案：C,注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如come、go、die、marry、buy等的完成时不能
25、与for、since等表示一段时间的短语连用。例如： They have come here for three hours.是错误的，应改为：They have been here for three hours.,(3)用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。 Ill wait until he has written his letter. If I have finished my homework，Ill go with you.,这样考过 (北京朝阳区)Dont tell him about his mothers illness until the competitio
26、n_. No，I wont. Ahas finished Bwas finished Cwill finish Dwill be finished,解析：此题考查时态语态。until 直到，比赛结束之前不要告诉他有关母亲有病的事。until从句后的动作用完成式强调结果。competition做主语结束动作，用主动语态。 答案：A,(北京东城区)Will you come to my office when you _ your work? Sure. Afinished Bare finishing Chave finished Dwill finish 解析：句意为：既然你已完成你的工作，能
27、到我办公室来一趟吗？when有“既然”之意。 答案：C,(2008山东)By the time he realizes he _ into a trap，itll be too late for him to do anything about it. Awalks Bwalked Chas walked Dhad walked 解析：根据动词realize的时态可知，宾语从句中的动词应用现在完成时。 答案：C,5一般过去时 (1)表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态，与表示过去时间的时间状语连用或用在时间、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。,这样考过 (北京)When I talked w
28、ith my grandma on the phone，she sounded weak，but by the time we _ up，her voice had been full of life. Awere hanging Bhad hung Chung Dwould hang,解析：句意：当我与奶奶在电话中交谈时，她的声音听起来很虚弱，但到我们挂断电话时，她的声音已经充满了活力。此题为时态考查题。根据题干提示，her voice had been full of life 为过去的过去，因此我们挂断电话为过去，故选C。 答案：C,(四川)You speak very good Fre
29、nch! Thanks.I _ French in Sichuan University for four years. Astudied Bstudy Cwas studying Dhad studied 解析：句意：你法语说得非常棒！谢谢。我在四川大学学了四年法语。这是表示在过去一段时间所做的一个动作，要使用过去时态。 答案：A,(2)没有明确表示过去的时间状语，需要根据语境去判断时间。 这样考过 (全国)Edward，you play so well.But I _ you played the piano. Adidnt know Bhadnt known Cdont know Dha
30、vent known,解析：句意：爱德华，你弹得这么好。但是我不知道你会弹钢琴。根据句意，应该是指我过去不知道你会弹钢琴，故用一般过去时。 答案：A,(重庆)Ive got to go now. Must you？I _ you could stay for dinner with us. Athink Bthought Chave thought Dam thinking 解析：句意：我现在得走了。你非得要走吗？我原以为你能留下和我们一起吃饭的。句中主语“I”的动作“认为”发生在过去，所以只有B项正确。 答案：B,(北京)Scientists have many theories about
31、 how the universe _ into being. Acame Bwas coming Chad come Dwould come 解析：句意：关于宇宙是如何产生的，科学家们有很多理论。根据句意可知宇宙产生绝非将来要发生的事，所以先排除B、D两项，C项had come 为过去的过去，因题中无过去时间作参照，故排除。宇宙产生发生在过去，故用一般过去时。 答案：A,(浙江)What do you think of the movie? Its fantastic.The only pity is that I _ the beginning of it. Amissed Bhad mi
32、ssed Cmiss Dwould miss 解析：句意：你觉得这部电影怎么样？太棒了。唯一可惜的是，我错过了开头部分。错过开头部分对于现在而言是发生在过去的事情，故选A。 答案：A,6过去进行时 (1)瞬间动词come，go，leave，reach，return，start，arrive，die等的过去进行时，可以表示过去某时刻看来将要发生的动作。,这样考过 (济南)When I got to the stadium，our team _the game with a safe advantage and only a few minutes to go. Awas winning Bhad
33、 won Chave won Dwon 解析：由时间状语“When I got to the stadium”可知，主句的谓语应该用过去进行时态表将来发生的事情。 答案：A,(平顶山质检)My uncle will be here to attend a meeting tomorrow. Oh，I thought that he _ today. Awas coming Bis coming Cwill come Dcould come 解析：此题考查用进行时表将来，又从thought可知为过去时，所以选A。 答案：A,(英才大联考)What a shame！When we got to t
34、he cinema，the movie Mei Lanfang _ ，so we saw only the end of it. Ahad just finished Bwas finishing Cwould finish Djust finished 解析：题意为：多遗憾！我们到电影院时电影梅兰芳就要演完了。所以我们只看了个结尾。本句中的the movie Mei Lanfang was finishing，是用过去进行时表示过去将来时。 答案：B,(2)过去进行时态的使用总离不开特定的语境。 Hey，look where youre going！嘿，你往哪儿走？ Oh，Im terrib
35、ly sorry.I wasnt noticing.实在对不起，我没注意。,这样考过 (昆明质检)Remember the first time we met on the campus，Sharon? Of course，I do.You _ a lecture to the freshmen. A.would give Bwere giving Cgave Dare giving 解析：据句意知说的是第一次见面时的情形，为过去进行时，故选B。 答案：B,(日照调研)Mom，you should have taken me to the park this morning. I had pl
36、anned to，but I couldnt afford the time.I _ a lecture. Ahad given Bgave Cwas giving Dwould give 解析：据句意：，当时我正在上课。用过去进行时，选C。 答案：C,7过去将来时 (1)表示过去的“愿望”或“倾向”，多用于否定句中。 It was raining hard，but none of us would stop working.雨下得很大，但是我们谁也不肯停止工作。,(2)表示过去的习惯性动作。 Whenever he had time，he would help me.一有空，他就来帮助我。
37、注意：used to do表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。would do只表示过去常发生，而没有“现在不再发生”的含义。,这样考过 (青岛质检)Is there a hospital here? No，but there _. Awould Bused to Cused to be Dought to 解析：由句意知应为there used to be a hospital here.在此结构中，be不能省略。故选C。 答案：C,(东北三校联考)When I was a child，I _ often play with my little dog near the rive
38、r，which I missed so much years later. Ashould Bwould Ccould Dmight 解析：would表示“过去常常(做某事)”。语意是：我小时候常常和我的小狗一起到河边玩耍，多年后我仍非常怀念(这种情景)。 答案：B,(3)用was/were going to表示过去的“预见”和意图，用was/were to 动词原形指过去的计划安排或注定要发生的事。,这样考过 (湖南)When he _ the door，he found his keys were nowhere. Awould open Bopened Chad opened Dwas
39、to open 解析：句意：当他要开门的时候，发现钥匙不见了。was to do 在此表示wanted to do或intended to do。would do 在这里有情感意味，所以被排除。 答案：D,(2007全国)Tom，you didnt come to the party last night? I_，but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. Ahad to Bdidnt Cwas going to Dwouldnt 解析：根据语境，应答句意思是“我正准备去，忽然记起来还有作业要做”，所以本题的答案是C。 答案：C,(2007北
40、京)It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. Oh，dont mention it.I_past your house anyway. Awas coming Bwill come Chad come Dhave come 解析：come用过去进行时表示过去的将来，即“我当时将要路过你家”。 答案：A,8过去完成时 (1)过去完成时由“had过去分词”构成。过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态，即“过去的过去”。因此，使用它就必须有一个过去某一时间。或前或后有一个表示过去时间的句子。有时句中常用by、bef
41、ore、until、when等词引导的时间状语。 By the end of last year，we had built five new houses. I had learnt 5,000 words before I entered the university.,这样考过 (北京)John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather _ with them to school. Atook Bhad taken Cwere taking Dwould take 解析：句意：约翰得到他父亲和祖父上学时携带的那个行李箱。根
42、据题干中John was given为过去的时间参照点，父亲和祖父上学为在此之前的事，即过去的过去，故用过去完成时。 答案：B,(上海)Mary went to the box office at lunch time，but all the tickets _ out. Awould sell Bhad been sold Chave sold Dwas selling 解析：句意：玛丽在午餐时间去了售票处，但是所有的票都已经卖完了。根据题干信息Mary went to.为过去时间，而票售完在此时间参照点之前，即“过去的过去”。 答案：B,(重庆)She stared at the pain
43、ting，wondering where she _it. Asaw Bhas seen Csees Dhad seen 解析：句意：她盯着那幅画看，想着自己曾经在哪里见过它。本题考查动词的时态，“看见”这个动作根据上下文应该发生在stared 之前，是“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时。 答案：D,(海淀)When Madam Curie did the science experiment again，she was more careful where she _ a mistake. Amade Bhas made Cwas making Dhad made 答案：D,(2)过去完成时的动
44、词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去。后跟从句，有时从句是重点。 I had not gone much farther before I caught them up. 我没走多远就赶上了他们。,这样考过 (2008东北师大附中)Is Danny going abroad? I think so.He _ for a better job，but he didnt get it. Ahopes Bhad hoped Cwas hoped Dhas hoped 解析：根据but he didnt get it，可知选用表“过去的过去”的过去完成时。 答案：B,
45、9现在完成进行时 (1)构成：have/has beendoing (2)表示从现在往前的一般时间里一直在进行的动作。 Ive been sitting here all afternoon. 整个下午我都坐在这儿。,这样考过 (浙江杭州)It is certain that Alice will win the competition. I agree.She _ for it for nearly two months. Awas preparing Bhad been preparing Cis preparing Dhas been preparing 答案：D,(浙江)Over th
46、e past decades，sea ice _ in the Arctic as a result of global warming. Ahad decreased Bdecreased Chas been decreasing Dis decreasing 解析：句意：在过去几十年里，由于全球变暖，北极的海冰一直在减少。由时间状语Over the past decades 可知，主句只能用现在完成时，故选C。 答案：C,(3)表示现在以前的这段时间反复发生的事情。 Weve been writing to each other a lot recently. 最近，我们相互写了很多信。,这样考过 (辽宁)Excuse me，Marcia，a reporter from Vanity Fair _ all day.Could you speak to her now? Aphones Bhas phoned Chas been phoning Dphoned,解析：句意：打扰了，Marcia，一名Vanity Fair的记者打了一整天电话。你现在可以接她的电话吗？根据句意和时间状语all day 可知，此句需用现在完成进行时表示说话人的一种情感，如：不满，抱怨，责备等。注意，现在完成时表示到目前为止动作可能已经结束，侧重对现在产生的影响或结果。 答案：C,(4)