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1、虚拟语气 The Subjunctive Mood,英语动词有三种语气： 陈述语气 祈使语气 虚拟语气,一、 陈述语气,用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法。有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。,1. There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面. 2. They didnt watch fireworks yesterday evening. 昨晚他们没有看焰火. 3. What can I do for you ?我能为你做什么? 4. How disappointed Tom was !汤姆很失望. 5. What lovely flower
2、s those are! 那些花儿真漂亮.,二、祈使语气,用来表示说话人的请求，命令或劝告等。动词要用原形，其否定式在动词前加do not. 1. Let me have a try. 我来试一试. 2. Dont be late again. 别再迟到了. 3. Dont say it in Chinese. Say it in English. 别用汉语说,用英语. 4. Lets go and play basketball. 我们去打篮球.,1. I hope our life will be better. 希望我们的生活会更好。 2. I wish I were younger.
3、要是我年轻一点就好了。 3. If he was out that day, then he couldnt answer the phone. 如果那天他在外面，他就无法接电话. 4. If he had been out that day, he couldnt have answered the phone. 如果那天他在外面的话，他就无法接到 电话了.,有可能(陈述语气),不可能(虚拟语气),推测(陈述语气),与事实相反(虚拟语气),三 虚拟语气,与事实相反,或不可能发生,或发生的可能性非常小,表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种与事实相反的假设，愿望，猜测或建议等等。,四、虚拟语气的
4、种类,1. 条件类虚拟 If I were a millionaire, I would still work hard. 如果我是百万富翁，我还是要努力工作。 2. wish类虚拟 I wish I had not wasted the time. 要是我没有浪费时间就好了。 3. Should类虚拟 I suggest you phone before you go there. 我建议你去那儿之前先打个电话。,五(1)条件类虚拟,If we had time now, we would read it again. If she knew about it, she would come
5、. If he were here, everything would be all right. If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go to see my friends there. If she should come, I would ask her for help. If you were to fail to catch the train, you might take the bus. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. If I had had
6、 the money last year, I would have bought a car. If they had known her address, they would have written to her.,1. If I _ you, I wouldnt return the call. A. be B. am C. was D. were 2. If I _more time, I would have gone with you. A. had B. had had C. Have had D. would have 3. If I had known that, I _
7、 so. A. wouldnt do B. wouldnt have done C. wont do D. have not done 4. If it_ tomorrow, what would we do? A. rains B. rained C. would rain D. rain 5. If it should rain, I _go there tomorrow. A. will B. would not C. wont D. would not have,Practice,D,B,B,B,B,不用if条件从句，而用介词或副词 without (没有), but for(要不是)
8、, otherwise(否则) 这些词可以表示某种假设情况,从而省略条件句.,1. I was busy last week. Otherwise I would have come to see you. =If I had not been busy, I would have come 2. Without / but for you, I would not be what I am today. =If it hadnt been for you, I would not be .,五(2) 条件类虚拟的简略式,Without electricity, human life_ qui
9、te different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 2. But for the Party, he _of hunger 30 years ago. A. would have died B. would die C. must die D. must have died 3. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _ your birthday party. A. attended B. have attended C. Would attend D. would have a
10、ttended,If there were no electricity,If it hadnt been for the Party,D,A,Practice,If I hadnt been busy, I ,D,这类虚拟表示不可能实现的愿望，或和事实相反的情况,六、wish类虚拟,I wish I were / did / had done If only I were / did / had done I would rather I were / did / had done He looked as if he were / did / had done It is time we
11、did I wished I were younger. I wish I hadnt told him about it. I wish that I could afford a new car. If only he had talked to her sooner! I would rather you didnt go out alone. It looks as if it were broken It is time we started to work.,1. I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night. A. was
12、 B. were C. had been D. should be 2. How I wish I _to repair the watch! I only made it worse. A. had tried B. hadnt tried C. have tried D. didnt try 3. If only I _ able to lighten the burden of my family, but I am still a student . A. were B. have been C. am D. would be 4. The two strangers talked a
13、s if they _ friends for years. A. were B. would be C. have been D. had been 5. I wish _ me alone. A. he has left B. he leaves C. He will leave D. he would leave 6. Id rather you _ tomorrow. A. came B. come C. will come D. had come,C,B,A,D,D,A,表示建议.要求.命令类的名词性从句 通常用“should+动词原形”。should可以省略,一坚持: insist
14、 二命令: order, command 三建议: advice, suggest, recommend 四要求: demand, require, request, desire 形容词：necessary, important, essential, strange,七、should类虚拟,Examples,He suggested that we should visit the palace right away. She recommended that the meeting be put off. He ordered that they should start off imm
15、ediately. I demanded that he should answer me at once. It is necessary that the problem should be discussed at once. It was surprising that he should say so.,It is really strange that the girl _ so early. A. has been married B. has married C. be married D. would marry,C,八、虚拟句的倒装形式,条件从句中有were ,had ,s
16、hould时,可不要if,而用倒装(注意:had必须是完成式的助动词) 1. If I should meet her, I would tell her. 2. If I were in your position, I would do it better. 3. If it were to rain tomorrow, I would put off the journey. 4. If he had seen you, he would talked to you. Should I meet her, I would tell her. Were I in your position, I would do it better. Were it to rain tomorrow, I would put off the journey. Had he seen you, he would talked to you.,