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1、要求学生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等。 如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。 如： In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 根据上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是 “困境”。 定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be c
2、alled, be known as, define, represent等。,细节推断题,例: (2011江苏卷B篇) Your National Park watchdog Attractions Do you： Love the National Park，value it and hope to safeguard its future? Wish to see the beautiful landscape of the Park protected? Like to enjoy peaceful，informal recreation within the Park? Aims T
3、he Friends organization aims are to help protect and improve the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park for all to enjoy.We are a voluntary organization and registered charity without financial links to the National Park Authority.,Activities We encourage everyone to enjoy the National Park through regul
4、ar talks and visits to interesting places in the Park with expert guides. We keep an eye on planning applications，Park Authority policies and threats to the National Park such as massive leisure complexes.We work with likeminded organizations such as the Campaign for National Parks to make our voice
5、 more effective. We help children to understand the National Park by sponsoring publications such as an adventure booklet and projects in local schools.,Benefits Guided visits to places of interest which may not always be available to the general public. All members receive our regular News and View
6、s. Talks by experts in their fields on current issues. A discount is available on Friends items for sale. Satisfaction of participation in work parties, for those willing and able to be involved. If interested，please complete the Application Form at www.fpnp.org.uk.,60. Which of the following is dis
7、couraged by the Friends organization? A. To build massive complexes for public amusement. B. To prevent possible damages to the National Park. C. To help protect and improve the Park for all to enjoy. D. To sponsor publications and projects in local schools.,思路点拨：应用文，以海报形式呈现，内容：关于国家公园的介绍以及征募会员介绍。 60
8、. A 推理题。要注意问题是discouraged by， 通过文章第三大标题Activities第二段第一句We keep an eye on planning applicationssuch as massive leisure complexes.可以推断出选A是Friends organization所不支持的，为正确选项。,作者的态度及观点判断题,说明文中作者的态度: (1)positive (积极的) (2)negative (3)neutral (中立的) (4) objective (5) disapproval (6) approval (7)sarcastic （讽刺的）
9、 (8)critical (批评的) (9)optimistic (10)pessimistic,（2011辽宁B） About 21000 young people in 17 American states do not attend classes in school buildings. Instead, they receive their elementary (初等) and high school education by working at home on computers. The center for Education Reform says the United
10、States has 67 public “cyberschools,” and that is about twice as many as two years ago. The money for students to attend a cyberschool comes from the governments of the states where they live. Some educators say cyberschools receive money that should support traditional public schools. They also say
11、it is difficult to know if students are learning well. Other educators praise this new form of education for letting students work at their own speed. These people say cyberschools help students who were unhappy or unsuccessful in traditional schools. They say learning at home by computer ends long
12、bus rides for children who live far from school.,Whatever the judgement of cyberschools, they are getting more and more popular. For example, a new cyberschool called commonwealth Connections Academy will take in students this fall. It will serve children in the state of Tennsylvanial from ages five
13、 through thirteen. Children get free equipment for their online education. This includes a computer, a printer, books and technical services. Parents and students talk with teachers by telephone or by sending emails through their computers when necessary. Students at cyberschools usually do not know
14、 one another. But 56 such students who finished studies at Western Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School recently met for the first time. They were guests of honor at their graduation.,62. We can infer that the author of the text is_. A. unprejudiced in his description of cyberschools B. excited about t
15、he future of cyberschools C. doubtful about the quality of cyberschoois D. disappointed at the development of cyberschools,思路点拨：议论文，内容：关于网上学校的优缺点的介绍 62. A 推理题。因为文章中既有对其好的方面的论述，又有对不好方面的论述，从中可以推断出作者是不偏不倚的态度。,做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述)，要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。摸准逻辑发展的方向，从而作出比较科学的、合情
16、合理的预测。,文章思路、结构、写作意图及 写作方法等推测提,例：(2011四川卷D篇)“Experience may possibly be the best teacher, but it is not a particularly good teacher. ” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from James March, a professor at Stanford University and a pion
17、eer in the field of organizational decision making. For years March (possibly the wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act, and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.,He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the
18、 idea of experiential learning: “Experience is respected; experience is sought; experience is explained.” The problem is that learning from experience involves(涉及) serious complications(复杂化)，ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.,In
19、one interesting part of the book，for example，he turns a doubtful eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. In our efforts to make stories interesting, he argues, we lose part of the complicated truth of things. He says “The more accurately(精确的)reality is prese
20、nted，the less understandable the story，and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is. ”,Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher, March is also a poet, and his gift shines through in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it
21、is demanding: Dont pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons. Rather, be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.,55What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Experience makes stories more accurate. BStories made interesting fail to fully present the truth. CThe use of sto
22、ries is the best way of experiential learning. DStories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described. 56Whats the purpose of this text? ATo introduce a book. BTo describe a researcher. CTo explain experiential learning. DTo discuss organizational decision making.,【思路点拨】本文主要介绍了组
23、织决策理论大师詹姆斯马奇的一部新书。 55. B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的In our efforts to make stories interesting, he argues, we lost part of the complicated truth of things. 可知有趣的故事无法完全地展现事实，故B项正确。 56. A 作者意图题。文章主要介绍了詹姆斯马奇的一部新书，故选A。,判断材料的来源主要根据文章的体裁和题材。一般来说，广告类，时事新闻类，娱乐新闻类，影评，应用文类通常出现在报纸、杂志、海报上。说明文通常出现在教科书或实用技术手册里面。判断读者对象主要通过寻找关键的
24、信息词。,来源、读者对象推测题,例：(2011四川卷B篇) Exploit your parking space An unused parking space or garage can make money. If you live near a city center or an airport, you could make anything up to 200 or 300 a week. Put an advertisement(广告)for free on Letpark or Atmyhousepark. Rent(出租)a room Spare room? Not only
25、will a lodger(房客)earn you an income, but also, thanks to the governmentbacked “rent a room” program, you wont have to pay any tax on the first 4500 you make per year. Try advertising your room on Roomspare of Roommateeasy.,Make money during special events Dont want a fulltime lodger? Then rent on a
26、shortterm basis. If you live in the capital, renting a room out during the Olympics or other big events could bring in money. Grashpadder can advertise your space. Live on set Renting your home out as a “film set” could earn you hundreds of pounds a day, depending on the film production company and
27、how long your home is needed.A quick search on the Internet will bring up dozens of online companies that allow you to register your home for freebut you will be charged if your home gets picked.,Use your roof You need the right kind of roof, but some energy companies pay the cost of fixing solar eq
28、uipment(around14,000), and let you use the energy produced for nothing. In return, they get paid for unused energy fed back into the National Grid. However, you have to sign a 25year agreement with the supplier, which could prevent you from changing the roof. 48. For whom the text most probably written? A. Lodgers. B. Advertisers. C. House owners. D. Online companies.,【思路点拨】本文是一篇应用文，包含了5则小广告，主要是告诉房屋拥有者如何利用房产赚钱你可以利用停车场赚钱，可以将房屋租给房客，还可以租做剧作场景，如果你不想长期出租还可以在盛大事件期间短期出租房屋，最令你意想不到的是，你还可以利用房顶获得免费的能源。 48. C 推理判断题。文章中5则小广告都是告诉房屋拥有者如何利用房产赚钱的，所以这篇文章主要是写给房屋拥有者的，故C项正确。,