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1、,课标人教实验版高二 Module 6 Unit 2,Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气,1. 英语动词有三种语气, 陈述语气, 祈使语气和虚拟语气。 2. 定义:用来表示说的话不是事实, 或者是不可能发生的情况, 而是一种愿望,建议, 假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,3. 在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况, 故采用虚拟语气。,1). 真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生, 其中 if 是如果的意思。,2). 非真实条件句,非真实条件句用语虚拟语气, 假设的情况不可能发生, 或者可能性很
2、小, 其中if 是“要是、如果”的意思。即:“要是就好了”; “如果, 就会”,1. If I had enough money, I would travel around the world. 2. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.,与现在事实相反,3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake. 4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.,与过去事实相反,5. If it should rain
3、tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing. 6. I think we could do it, if we planed it properly and could borrow the tools. 7. If we were to have three days off, we would enjoy a very happy life.,与将来事实相反,3) The meaning of the sentence of subjunctive mood. If he had come yesterday, I should/ would have
4、told him about it. 含义: He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.,If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress. 含义: He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.,V. + ed (were),had done,would/could/should/might +V (原),
5、would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,1.V.+ ed. 2. should+ V.(原) 3. were to do,would/could/should/might +V. (原),一. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。,二. 虚拟语气特殊句型:,1. wish 的宾语从句,现在: 过去时（were） 过去: 过去完成时 未来: would/could/might +V. should,1. I wish I were a bird. (现在) 2. I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. (过去) 3. We wish ou
6、r parents wouldnt punish us. (将来),I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。 He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。,2) wish to do 表达法 wish sb. / sth. to do,I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. =
7、I want the manager to be informed at once.,2. would rather that,现在: 过去: 未来:,I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too. Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,3. as if /though + Clause,现在： 过去：,过去时,过去完成时,She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seems
8、that it were spring. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.,They talked as if they had been friends for years. He looks as if he were drunk.,4. Its (about/high) time +that,过去时 should +V.,你该走了。,Its high time that you went. Its high time that you were going. Its high time that you
9、 should go.,我们该去睡觉了。,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,5. 表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气。,宾语从句中常见动词: 一个坚持, 两个命令, 三个建议, 四个要求。即 1). insist 2). order, command 3). advise, suggest, propose 4). demand, require, request, desire,这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形, 或者将should省略。,我们建
10、议Tom 去休息一下。 We suggested that Tom have a rest. 他坚决要求我到场。 He insisted that I (should) be present.,国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day. 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。 They requested that we (should) send them to work there.,I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He
11、 insisted that he (should) be sent there.,注意: 如suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”, 即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时,宾语从句用陈述语气。,1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules. 2. He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.,obey,was,be sent,3. He suggested
12、 that we _ (have) a meeting at once. 4. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.,have,was,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句, 表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气, 从句中的动词形式一样。 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire,Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me onc
13、e a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.,6. without和but for 构成虚拟。but for要不是 Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed. But for water, it woul
14、d be impossible to live in the desert.,7. If only 要是就好了 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again!,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了! If only our parents could live with us! 要是我没错过火车就好了！ If only I hadnt missed the train!,8. Its necessary/strange/natural/ important/
15、pity/no wonder/impossible + that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟, 即(should)+动词原形,It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. Its necessary that we should study hard.,9. 某些简单句的固定句型: Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the
16、Peoples Republic of China!,10. need “不必做”和“本不该做” didnt need to do 表示: 过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。 neednt have done 表示: 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。,约翰开车去车站接玛丽, 所以她不必步行回家了。 John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home.,约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家,没有遇上John的车。) John went to th
17、e station with the car to meet Mary, so she neednt have walked back home.,There was plenty of time. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurried C. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried,典型例题,答案D。neednt have done. 意为“本不必”, 即已经做了某事,而实际上不必要。,mustnt have done 用法不正确, 对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldnt hav
18、e done, “不可能已经”。 must not do 不可以 (用于一般现在时),三. 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点: 1. 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致, 叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。,If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.,2. 假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should,
19、were, had三个助动词可以把if省略,并将这三个词提至句首。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.,If I had had time, I would have run round that lake
20、again. Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again. If there should be a flood, what should we do? Should there be a flood, what should we do?,3. 谓语动词以should + have done 的形式出现的时候,表示过去应该做而没有做的事情, 从而表示一种责备的语气。,e.g. 1) You should have finished your homework yesterday. 2) You should have come
21、 here five minutes earlier. 3) He should have told me about it earlier.,注意： 在虚拟语气的从句中, 动词be的过去时态一律用 were, 不用was, 即在从句中be用were代替。,If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你, 就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿, 一切都会好的。,_ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A.
22、 If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I,典型例题,答案C. 注意: 在虚拟条件状语从句中, 省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Werent I to do.,Exercises,1. You _ to the meeting yesterday. What was the reason for your absence? A. had come B. came C. would have come D. should have come 2. “ Have you visited th
23、e Science Museum?” “ No, but I really wish I _.” A. had B. did C. have D. will,3. Here is some money in case you _ it. A. needs B. need C. needed D. will need 4. He demanded that the classroom _ at once. A. should clean B. clean C. should have been cleaned D. be cleaned,5. But for your carelessness, we _. A. should have succeeded B. had succeeded C. would have succeeded D. succeeded,