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1、中考英语复习方案 语法部分,第二篇 词法 简单句、并列句、复合句,复习要点 一、简单句的五种句型 二、并列句 1、并列句的构成： 2、并列句的分类： 1） 表示同等关系的并列句 2）表示转折关系的并列句 3）表示选择关系的并列句 4） 表示因果关系的并列句 5）其他形式的并列句 三、复合句 初中英语教材中涉及到的复合句主要有：宾语从句、状语从句) 和 定语从句。,简单句 简单句只含有一个主谓结构，而且句子的各个成分都由单词或短语组成。简单句根据结构分为五种： 1）主语+谓语 The disease has spread all over the world. 2）主语+谓语+宾语 I boug
2、ht a new bike. 3）主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 Tom gave me a birthday present. 常用于这种结构的词有： a)间接宾语后置时，其前用介词to: give,how, send, bring, pass, lend, hand, tell, return, write, pay, throw, teach, promise等 b) 间接宾语后置时，其前用介词for: make, buy, do, get, paint, play, save, order,look, sing, find, serve等,难点链接,4）主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 I saw
3、 him seated there. 注意动词不定式作宾补的情况： a) 带to的不定式：ask, tell, invite, get, beg, wish, want, like, prefer, hate, encourage,advice, warn 等 b) 使役性动词have, make, let后要用不带to的不定式 c) 感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后的宾补如果与宾语在逻辑上是主动关系，则用不带to的不定式或用现在分词形式；如果宾补与宾语在逻辑上是被动关系，则用过去分词作宾补。 I saw the window clos
4、ed. 5）主语+系动词+表语 She is a doctor. 系动词包括下面几种： a) 表示感觉、视觉的系动词:seem, appear, look, taste, smell, sound, feel等 b) 表示变化的系动词 :become, get, grow, turn, go, come, run, fall等 c) 表示保持某种状态的系动词 :be, stay, remain, keep, continue, stand, sit等 以上所有这些系动词都可以直接跟adj. Stand firm. Dont let them tell you what to do. (要坚定，
5、别让他们对你指手画脚),难点链接,一、并列句的构成： 并列句是由并列连词and， but， or， for， so等把两个或两个以上互不依从，但意思紧密联系的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。其结构为：简单句+并列连词+简单句。 二、并列句的分类： 1. 表示同等关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词and连接前后简单句，and常译为“和”、“并且”，也可不译出来。例如： He likes playing football and he plays well. Last year l met Kate and we became friends. 2. 表示转折关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词bu
6、t(但是)，yet(可是)，while(而，另一方面)，however(可是)等连接前后简单句，but常译为“但是”，“可是”，切不可与从属连词though或although一起使用。例如： It has no mouth, but it can talk. School is over, yet all the teachers are still working. He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist. Its raining hard, however, we must go out.,并列句,难点链接,3. 表示
7、选择关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词or(或者，否则)等连接前后简单句。 or有两重含义： (1)译为“或者”，表示选择。例如： Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema (2)译为“否则”、“要不然”，表示条件。例如： You must tell the truth， or you will be punished 4. 表示因果关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词for，so等连接前后简单句。 (1)for在意义上与从属连词because，since和as相同，但它们引导的是原因状语从句，而for则连接两个简单句，前者表示结
8、果，后者表示原因。其结构为：简单句(结果)+for+简单句(原因)。 例如：He has many good friends, for he is an honest man。 (2)so意为“因此”、“所以”，但不能与because同时出现在同一个句子中。因为because是从属连词，而是并列连词，用来连接并列句。其结构为：简单句(原因) +so牛简单句(结果)。例如： Mr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead,并列句,难点链接,5. 其他形式的并列句 (1)“祈使句+and+简单句”。其中祈使
9、句表示一个条件，并列连词and引导的简单句则表示一个较好的结果，谓语常用一般将来时。例如： Use your head, and you will find away (2)“祈使句+or+简单句”。祈使句表示一个条件，并列连词or后的简单句则表示一个不愉快或不理想的结果。例如： Study hard, or you Will fall behind the others (3)“either.or”结构表示“不是就是”，“或者或者”，例如： Either my uncle can do it, or my aunt can do it. 习惯上将两个句子合并成Either my uncle
10、or my aunt can do it. (4) “not onlybut also”意思为“不仅而且”，例如： not only the students have missed the school car, but also the teacher has missed the school car. (5) “neithernor”结构，意为“既不也不”，“两者都不”，用法与either or,not only but also相同。,并列句,难点链接,三、使用并列句要注意的几种情况 1. 并列句有时可不用连词，而用分号隔开(前后句之间的关系须相当紧密)。例如： We fished
11、all day; we didnt catch a fish. 2. 并列连词后的简单句如果与其前的简单句有相同的部分，则相同的部分常可省略。例如： My father works in a factory and my mother in a school. 3. 由so, nor, neither连接的并列句，后一简单句为避免重复,其成份常倒装并省略一些。例如： He is not a student, nor am I. Beibei can swim, so can I.,并列句,难点链接,3、复合句 复合句的某个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等，由另一个句子承当。,初中
12、英语教材中涉及到的复合句主要有：The Object Clause (宾语从句)、The Adverbial Clause (状语从句) 和 The Attributive Clause (定语从句)。其它诸如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等形式的复合句尽管在教材中也有出现，但在中考中没有被列为重点考查范围。,难点链接,1.误 Both my parents are not here. They went to the concert just no 正 Neither of my parents is here. They went to the concert just now. 析 在英
13、语中both一般用于肯定句中，如用于否定句中，其意义也不同于汉语，如：Both of us are not right. 在英语中应被理解为“我们俩不都对。“而Neither of us is right。 才能被理解为“我们俩无一正确“。 2.误 He or his parents has some tickets for the film. 正 He or his parents have some tickets for the film. 析 由or 连接两主语时，谓语动词应与相临近的那一个主语保持一致。 3.误 You should study hard, and you wont
14、pass the exam. 正 You should study hard, or you wont pass the exam. 析 or作为连词，这里的意思为“否则“。又如：Hurry up, or youll be late for school. 4.误 Though he is poor, but he is ready to help others. 正 Though he is poor, he is ready to help others. 正 He is poor, but he is ready to help others. 析 “虽然但是“是中文中的常用结构，但在英
15、文中用了“虽然“则不要用“但是“，用了“但是“则不能再用“虽然“，二者只可用其一。,正误辨析,5.误 Either you or I are on duty. 正 Either you or I am on duty. 析 eitheror 连接两个主语时，其谓语动词与相临近的一个主语相呼应，这也叫作就近原则。类似的用法还有or, neither nor, not onlybut also等。 6.误 Tom is our English teacher and teaching English in our school now. 正 Tom is our English teacher a
16、nd is teaching English in our school now. 析 并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略，以免重复，但不是所有词都可作任意的省略的。当你连接的是两个系动词时，后面的那个系动词不可省略，也就是讲连接的部分不可省略。 7.误 My father likes swimming and to collect stamps. 正 My father likes swimming and collecting stamps. 析 由并列连词连接的两个部分要保持相等的语法结构。如是动名词则都用动名词，如用不定式则都应用不定式，这是初学者要注意的一点。 8.误 My fat
17、her is reading a newspaper, I am doing my homework. 正 My father is reading a newspaper while I am doing my homework. 析 两个并列句中间不可用逗号连接，要用并列连词来连接。,正误辨析,9.误 We will go both to Beijing and Shanghai. 正 We will go to both Beijing and Shanghai. 析 用bothand作连接词时，其相连接的部分结构也要相同。 10.误 Not only Mary but also her
18、 brothers is going to dance. 正 Not only Mary but also her brothers are going to dance. 析 由not only but also连接两个主语时，其重点在其后面的那一个主语，所以谓语形式应采用就近原则。 11. 误 The teacher as well as his students are coming. 正 The teacher as well as his students is coming. 析 由as well as 连接两个主语时，谓语动词与as well as 后面的名词无关，而与前面的名词
19、相一致。 12. 误 Tom does not swim nor play football. 正 Tom does not swim or play football. 析 nor主要用于连接句子的对等连词，如在否定句中连接某一部分时要用or, 但要注意句子的含意，如：This animal does not like a cow or a horse. 这个动物既不像牛也不像马。This animal does not like a cow but a horse. 这个动物不像牛而像马。 13.误 After school some students play football, or
20、others go to the library. 正 After school some students play football, while others go to the library. 析 while在此处意为“而，然而“。,正误辨析,选择填空 1. Give me one more minute _ Ill be able to finish it. A. and B. or C. if D. so 2. Train as hard as you can _ youll win the swimming competition. A. Then B. but C. and
21、D. or 3. Im sorry to have to say this, _ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night. A. And B. but C. so D. because 4. John has not yet passed the driving test, and _. Henry hasnt too B. Henry also has not either C. neither Henry has D. neither has Henry 5. There are many sp
22、orts lovers in his office. Some love climbing, _ others enjoy swimming. A. Or B. for C. while D. so,A,A,D,D,C,课时训练,6. - Do you feel like going out _ would you rather have dinner at home? - Id like to go out. A. Or B. and C. but D. so 7. Mary went to bed early, _ she felt very tired. A. Or B. so C. f
23、or D. yet 8. Mother _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. was making B. makes C. is making D. made 9. He lay in bed _ read something borrowed from library. But B. and C. or D. yet 10. - Id really like some lunch but I have so much work to do. - _ what you want and I can get it for you. Tell me B. If
24、 you would say to me C. You will tell me D. If you tell me 11. As he is strong, _ can lift one hundred pounds. A. yet he B. but he C. And D. he 12. - I thought you had an umbrella. - I had, _ Ive lost it. A. Since B. but C. because D. so,A,C,A,B,A,D,B,课时训练,13. - I dont like chicken _ fish. - I dont
25、like chicken _ I like fish very much. A. and, and B. and, but C. or, and D. or, but 14. - Would you like to come to dinner tonight? - Id like to, _ Im too busy. A. and B. so C. as D. but 15. Would you like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away? A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
26、16. She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived 17Work hard， _ youll catch up with others Aand Bbut Cor Dfor 18Be quick， _youll be late for the football match Aso Bbut Cand Dor 19We bought Granny a present， _ she didnt like it Abut Band Cw
27、hen Dif,D,D,C,D,A,D,A,课时训练,20The boy is only ten， _ he can do some washing himself Athough Bbut Cor Dso 21He is listening to the music _ she is washing clothes Aafter Bbefore Cthat Dwhile 22He is rich， _ he isnt happy Aor Bso Cand Dbut 23 _ Saturday _ Sunday is OKI will be free in these two days AEi
28、ther；or BNeither；nor CBoth；and DOne；the other 24MrZhang felt very tired， _ he needed a good rest Aand Bso Cor Dbut 25 _ human beings（人类） _ animals can live without air ANot only ；but also BBoth；and CEither；or DNeither；nor 26Have you got any brothers _ sisters？ I have a sister Anor Bor Cbut Dfor Aso Bbut Cand Dor 27Jim is an American， _ he can speak very good Chinese Aif Bso Cbut Dbecause,B,D,D,A,B,D,B,C,课时训练,See you next time!,