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1、Unit Five,Choose to Be Alone on Purpose,New Words & Expressions,1. solitary (L6) alone; lonely; without companions,a solitary existence a poor and solitary life a solitary boat a solitary stroll,隐居生活 孤苦伶仃的生活 孤舟 独自徜徉,lonely, alone, desolate, lone, solitary 这些形容词均有“孤单的，寂寞的”之意。,lonely： 强调孤独感，含“渴望和他人在一起
2、”的意味。 alone： 普通用词，指独自一人的状态，有时含孤寂之意。 desolate： 语气强烈，强调遭受损失和失去亲人所带来的 难以忍受的痛苦。 lone： 较文雅，可与lonely换用。 solitary： 可指因被遗忘或遗弃而产生的孤独感，也可指 人的生性孤僻。,He felt _ after he buried his good friend. 埋葬了好友之后，他感到很孤独。 She has lived _ in this house for almost five years now. 她已在这所房子里独自住了近5年。 He was _ without her. 没有她，他感到孤
3、独而凄凉。 They often have a lonely and _ life to lead. 他们常常过一种独居的孤独生活。,lonely,alone,desolate,solitary,2. tame vt:,make sb. or sth. easy to control制服 train an animal or bird not to be afraid of humans and to be obedient驯化，驯服,Translation,A group of policemen was called out to tame the crowds. 一队警察被叫来制服人群。
4、,Its hard to tame a tiger. 驯服老虎很难。,tamer n. 驯兽员,Association,1) tame a.,(esp. of animals) not wild or fierce, either naturally or because of training驯化的,a tame tiger 经过驯养的老虎,2. commodity n. sth. that is useful or necessary,Time is the most valuable commodity that we possess.,时间是我们拥有的最有价值的东西。,Words an
5、d ExpressionsWord Using,2. commodity n. a substance or product that can be bought or sold,Commodity boom departed nearly as quickly as it arrived.,商品繁荣来得快去得也快。,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,3. creep vi. to move slowly and quietly,John would creep into the gallery to listen to the singers.,Words an
6、d ExpressionsWord Using,约翰会悄悄溜进楼座去听歌手唱歌。,4. dictate v. to say sth. for sb. else to write down,Shes dictating a letter to her secretary right now. The teacher dictated a passage to the class.,她现在正在给秘书口述一封信。 老师让班上的学生听写了一篇文章。,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,4. dictate (sth.) to sb. v. to tell sb. exact
7、ly what to do or how to behave,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,You cant dictate to people how they should live. I refuse to be dictated to by him.,不能强行规定人们应该怎样生活。 我拒绝听从他的指使。,Conscience dictates truthfulness. 良心促使人吐真言。,3) humble a.:,not proud 谦逊的，谦虚的 not great or important 地位低下的，不显要的,Collocation,scie
8、ntist position apology birth farmhouse,humble,谦虚的科学家,卑微的地位,低声下气的的道歉,出身卑微,简陋的农舍,modest, humble 这两个形容词都有“谦恭的”之意。,modest： 含义广泛，指行为或态度等方面不自大、不虚荣、不傲慢 不武断和不自负。 humble： 指精神和行为上的谦逊。褒义指对自己或自己的成就不 骄傲；贬义指过低地评价自己，对人低声下气。 He gave a great performance, but he was very _. 他的表演非常出色，但他却很谦虚。 Be _ in learning, for comp
9、lacency is the enemy of study. 学习要虚心，自满是敌人。,humble,modest,6. apology n. a word or statement to say you are sorry for having done sth. wrong or for upsetting sb.,demand an apology accept ones apology owe sb. an apology make an apology,要求道歉 接受某人的道歉 应向某人道歉 作出道歉,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,psycholog
10、y biology sociology technology,7. -proof protecting against the damaging effect of sth. else,waterproof watches a bulletproof car a soundproof room airproof pipes provide risk-proof services,防水手表 防弹汽车 隔音的房间 密封的管道 提供风险防范服务,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,4) slippery a.:,一直下着雨，路上很滑。 It had been rainin
11、g and the road was slippery.,difficult to hold or stand on 滑的 (infml.) not to be trusted 狡猾的，不可靠的,Translation,Association,slip (away) v. 滑倒；跌落，降低 slipper n. 拖鞋,(of a person) as slippery as an eel 像狐狸一样狡猾,5) choke v.:,Anger choked his words.,become unable to speak说不出话来 stop or partly stop breathing窒息
12、,Translation,他气得说不出话来。,He grabbed her by the throat and almost choked the life out of her.,他抓住她的脖子，差点使她窒息而死。,choke (up) with: block or fill a passage, space, etc. so that movement is difficult,Collocation,During the rush hour, the road are usually choked up with traffic. 在交通高峰时刻，道路通常被堵塞。,Translation
13、,Phrases and Expressions,1. on purpose intentionally; not by accident,她似乎是有意地做这些事以引起他的注意。,She seems to do these things on purpose to attract his attention.,on purpose intentionally; not by accident,I came here on purpose to see you. 我特意到这儿来看你的。,on special purpose. on good/ill purpose. on no purpose.
14、,One of the roles that science plays is that of casting out superstition.,2. cast out: (lit.) get rid of; drive out or away; expel, esp. by using force,Translation,科学的作用之一就是消除迷信。,In former times, criminals were often cast out and had to live in the wild. 以前的时候，罪犯经常会被放逐而生活在野外。,be cast out of ones off
15、ice 被迫下台（下野） cast sb. out of the frontier 驱逐出境。 to cast out ones wife 休妻,3. speak highly of 赞扬；高度评价 Examples The students speak highly of their teacher. Dont speak ill of others. 说坏话 Stop speaking hardly of her! After all, she is not that bad as you have imagined. 把说得很坏 A broad-minded person never s
16、peaks evil of others. 诽谤,4. to seek out 找出；挑出,To seek out easy work and shirk hard ones. 拈轻怕重。 How can we seek out a really good person for the job? 我们怎能找到一个真正适当的人来做这项工作？,5. set forth 动身；阐述,He set forth on a three-month trip around the world.,clarify, expound, illustrate.阐述 to set forth facts and re
17、ason things out.摆事实，讲道理。 To set forth ones idea/ground/viewpoint.,6. stretch out 延伸； 绵延； 伸直； 满足需要,You can enjoy the extraordinary sight unbroken cloud plains that stretch out before you. 你可以欣赏展现于面前一望无边的奇特云海。 Moira stretched herself out on the lower bench. 莫伊拉在较矮的长椅上躺下了。 He was about to stretch out h
18、is hand to grab me. 他正要伸手抓我。,7. back up 阻塞；支持, The heavy rain backed up 大雨把下水道堵塞了. He backed me up in the election. 在选举中他全力支持我。,the sewers,whole-heartedly,8. at length 详细地；最后。, Dont discuss the project at excessive length. At length the bus arrived, forty minutes late.,The greatest romance I can ima
19、gine is to age all the way with you and pick up bits and pieces of joy for us to talk about at length in the easy- chair.,9. in line 成一直线； 一致； 协调； 有秩序,Dont push in; wait in line like everyone else. 别挤进来，要像大家一样挨个儿排队。 The new proposal is in line with our general principle . 新建议和我们总的原则是一致的。,10. settle
20、down 定居； （使）安静下来； 平息； 落到地面上来,Well go and settle down where conditions are hardest. 哪里艰苦哪安家。 He should get a house and settle down. 他应该买幢房子安定下来。 One day Ill want to settle down and have a family. 总有一天，我会想安定下来，成个家。,11. for the time being 暂且； 权； 权时,Shes staying with her aunt for the time being. 她暂时住在她姨
21、妈那里。 Lets put up a shed here for the time being. 我们暂时在这里搭个棚吧。 Lets put the matter aside for the time being. 这事以后再说。,12. might as well 阻塞；支持,We might as well have another talk with him. 不妨同他再谈一次。 Since you have started the job, you might as well finish it. 既然你开了头，索性把它做完吧。 After sweeping the courtyard
22、, we might as well clean the rooms. 我们扫完院子，顺手把房间也扫一扫。,Choose to Be Alone on Purpose,Choose to Be Alone on Purpose Para. 1 Here we are, all by ourselves, all 22 million of us by recent count, alone in our rooms, some of us liking it that way and some of us not. Some of us divorced, some widowed, some
23、 never yet committed.,下一页,Para. 2 Loneliness may be a sort of national disease here, and its more embarrassing for us to admit than any other sin. On the other hand, to be alone on purpose, having rejected company rather than been cast out by it, is one characteristic of an American hero. The solita
24、ry hunter or explorer needs no one as they venture out among the deer and wolves to tame the great wild areas. Thoreau, alone in his cabin on the pond, his back deliberately turned to the town. Now, thats character for you.,下一页,上一页,Back,Para. 3 Inspiration in solitude is a major commodity for poets
25、and philosophers. Theyre all for it. They all speak highly of themselves for seeking it out, at least for an hour or even two before they hurry home for tea.,下一页,上一页,Back,Para. 4 Consider Dorothy Wordsworth, for instance, helping her brother William put on his coat, finding his notebook and pencil f
26、or him, and waving as he sets forth into the early spring sunlight to look at flowers all by himself. “How graceful, how benign, is solitude,” he wrote. Para. 5 No doubt about it, solitude is improved by being voluntary.,下一页,上一页,Back,Para. 6 Look at Miltons daughters arranging his cushions and blank
27、ets before they silently creep away, so he can create poetry. Then, rather than trouble to put it in his own handwriting, he calls the girls to come back and write it down while he dictates.,下一页,上一页,Back,Para. 7 You may have noticed that most of these artistic types went outdoors to be alone. The in
28、doors was full of loved ones keeping the kettle warm till they came home. Para. 8 The American high priest of solitude was Thoreau. We admire him, not for his self-reliance, but because he was all by himself out there at Walden Pond, and he wanted to be. All alone in the woods.,下一页,上一页,Back,Para. 9
29、Actually, he lived a mile, or 20 minutes walk, from his nearest neighbor; half a mile from the railroad; three hundred yards from a busy road. He had company in and out of the hut all day, asking him how he could possibly be so noble. Apparently the main point of his nobility was that he had neither
30、 wife nor servants, used his own axe to chop his own wood, and washed his own cups and saucers. I dont know who did his laundry; he doesnt say, but he certainly doesnt mention doing his own, either. Listen to him: “I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude.”,下一页,上一页,Back,Para
31、. 10 Thoreau had his own self-importance for company. Perhaps theres a message here. The larger the ego, the less the need for other egos around. The more modest and humble we feel, the more we suffer from solitude, feeling ourselves inadequate company.,下一页,上一页,Back,Para. 11a If you live with other
32、people, their temporary absence can be refreshing. Solitude will end on Thursday. If today I use a singular personal pronoun to refer to myself, next week I will use the plural form. While the others are absent you can stretch out your soul until it fills up the whole room, and use your freedom, com
33、ing and going as you please without apology, staying up late to read, soaking in the bath, eating a whole pint of ice cream at one sitting, moving at your own pace.,下一页,上一页,Back,Para. 11b Those absent will be back. Their waterproof winter coats are in the closet and the dog keeps watching for them a
34、t the window. But when you live alone, the temporary absence of your friends and acquaintances leaves a vacuum; they may never come back.,下一页,上一页,Back,Para. 12 The condition of loneliness rises and falls, but the need to talk goes on forever. Its more basic than needing to listen. Oh, we all have fr
35、iends we can tell important things to, people we can call to say we lost our job or fell on a slippery floor and broke our arm. Its the daily succession of small complaints and observations and opinions that backs up and chokes us. We cant really call a friend to say we got a parcel from our sister,
36、 or its getting dark earlier now, or we dont trust that new Supreme Court justice.,下一页,上一页,Back,Para. 13a Scientific surveys show that we who live alone talk at length to ourselves and our pets and the television. We ask the cat whether we should wear the blue suit or the yellow dress. We ask the pa
37、rrot if we should prepare steak, or noodles for dinner. We argue with ourselves over who is the greater sportsman: that figure skater or this skier.,下一页,上一页,Back,Para. 13b Theres nothing wrong with this. Its good for us, and a lot less embarrassing than the woman in front of us in line at the market
38、 whos telling the cashier that her niece Melissa may be coming to visit on Saturday, and Melissa is very fond of hot chocolate, which is why she bought the powdered hot chocolate mix, though she never drinks it herself. Para. 14 Its important to stay rational.,下一页,上一页,Back,Para. 15 Its important to
39、stop waiting and settle down and make ourselves comfortable, at least temporarily, and find some grace and pleasure in our condition, not like a self-centered British poet but like a patient princess sealed up in a tower, waiting for the happy ending to our fairy tale. Para. 16 After all, here we ar
40、e. It may not be where we expected to be, but for the time being we might as well call it home. Anyway, there is no place like home.,上一页,Back,幻灯片 37返,Para. 2 孤独或许是这里的一种民族弊病，它比起其他任何过错更加令人难以启齿。而另一方面，故意选择独处，拒绝别人的陪伴而非为同伴所抛弃，这正是美国式英雄的一个特点。孤独的猎人，孤独的探险者，在鹿群和狼群中间冒险，去征服广袤的荒野，这时他们并不需要有人陪伴。梭罗独居在湖畔的小屋，有意抛弃了城市生活
41、。现在，这成了你的个性。,返回,Para. 3 独处的灵感是诗人和哲学家最有用的东西。他们都赞成独处，都因能够独处而自视甚高，至少在他们匆匆忙忙赶回家喝茶之前的一两个小时之内是如此。,返回,Para. 4 就拿多萝西华兹华斯来说吧，她帮她兄弟威廉穿上外衣，为他找到笔记本和铅笔，向他挥手告别，目送着他走进早春的阳光去独自对花沉思。他写道：“独处多么优闲, 美妙。” Para. 5 毫无疑问，如果自愿独处，则感觉要好得多。,返回,Para. 6 瞧瞧弥尔顿的女儿们：她们为他准备好垫子和毯子，然后蹑手蹑脚地走开，以便他能创作诗歌。然而他并不自己费神将诗歌写下来，而是唤回女儿们，向她们口述，由她们写下
42、来。,返回,Para. 7 也许你已经注意到，这些艺术家类型的人，大多是到户外独处，而家里则自有亲人们备好了热茶，等着他们回家。 Para. 8 美国的独处高士是梭罗。我们钦佩他，并非因为他倡导自力更生精神，而是因为他孤身一人在瓦尔登湖畔生活，这是他自己想要这么做的。他独居在湖畔的树林中。,返回,Para. 9 实际上，他最近的邻居离他只有一英里，走路也就20分钟；铁路离他半英里；交通繁忙的大路距他300码。整天都有人进出他的小屋，请教他何以能够如此高洁。显然，他的高洁之处主要在于：他既没有妻子也没有仆人，自己动手用斧头砍柴，自己洗杯碟。我不知道谁为他洗衣服，他没说，但是他也肯定没提到是他自己
43、洗的。听听他是这么说的：“我发现没有任何同伴比独处更好。”,返回,Para. 10 梭罗以自尊自重为伴。也许这里的启示是：自我意识越强，就越不需要其他的人在周围。我们越是感觉谦卑，就越受孤独的折磨，感到仅与自己相处远远不够。,返回,Para. 11a 若与别人同住，你会在与他们小别时感觉耳目一新。孤独将会于星期四结束。如果今天我提到自己时使用的是单数人称代词，那么下星期我就会使用复数形式。 其他人不在的时候你可以放飞你的灵魂，让它充满整个房间。你可以充分享受自由。你可以随意来去而无需道歉。你可以熬夜读书、大泡浴缸、坐下一口气吃掉整整一品脱的雪糕。你可以按自己的节奏行动。,返回,Para. 11
44、b 暂别的人会回来。他们的冬季防水大衣还放在衣橱里，狗也在窗边密切留意他们归来的身影。但如果你单独居住，那么朋友或熟人的暂时离别会使你感到空虚，也许他们永远也不会回来了。,返回,Para. 12 孤独的感觉时起时落，但我们却永远需要与人交谈。这比需要倾听更重要。噢，我们都有朋友，可以把大事要事向他们倾诉。我们可以打电话对他们说我们丢了工作，或者说我们在湿滑的地板上摔倒了，跌断了胳膊。但是每日不断发生的琐碎抱怨，看到的和想到的琐事，却积在那儿，塞满了我们的心。 我们不会真打电话给一位朋友，告诉他我们收到了姐姐的一个包裹，或者说现在天黑得比较早，或者说我们不信任最高法院新来的法官。,返回,Para
45、. 13a 科学调查表明，独居的人会对着自己，对着宠物，对着电视机唠叨不休。 我们问猫儿今天该穿蓝色套装还是黄色裙装，问鹦鹉今天晚餐该做牛排还是面条。我们跟自己争论那个花样滑冰选手和这个滑雪运动员到底谁更了不起。,返回,Para. 13b 这没什么不妥，也对我们有好处，而且不像有些人那么令人尴尬：在超市付款处，排在前面的女人告诉收银员，她的侄女梅莉莎星期六可能会来看她。梅莉莎非常喜爱热巧克力，所以她买了速溶热巧克力粉，虽然她自己从来不喝这东西。 Para. 14 重要的是保持理性。,返回幻灯片 49,Para. 15 重要的是不再等待，而是安顿下来，使自己过得舒服，至少暂时要这样。要在我们自身
46、的条件下发现一些优雅和乐趣，不要做一个以自我为中心的英国诗人，而要像一个被关在塔楼里的公主，耐心地等待着我们的童话故事进入快乐的结局。 Para. 16 毕竟，事已至此，这或许不是我们所期望的局面，但眼下我们不妨称之为家吧。不管怎么说, 没有什么地方比家还好。,返回,by count,by calculating the number of units in a group e.g. 我统计了一下，有270人出席。 By my count there are 270 people present. 我们数了一下，这是你吃的第五块蛋糕。 By our count thats the fifth
47、cake youve eaten.,中文名：亨利戴维梭罗 外文名：Henry David Thoreau 国籍：美国 出生地：马萨诸塞州康科 德城 出生日期：1817年7月12日 逝世日期：1862年5月6日 职业：作家、哲学家 毕业院校：哈佛大学 代表作品：瓦尔登 湖，论公 民的不服从权利,be for,support; be in favor of e.g. “Im all for sexual equality but I dont want my wife to work,“ said the man. 我赞成主席的计划。 Im for the chairmans plan.,no d
48、oubt 很可能； 无疑地； 固然,No doubt you are wrong. 我想你是错的。 Theres no doubt about her suitability for the job. 毫无疑问，她适合这项工作。 There was no doubt that he was a fine scholar. 毫无疑问，他是位杰出的学者。,Para.9 Line 31,People came in and out of Thoreau s hut all day, as they wanted to know how he could live such isolated yet
49、self-content life.,Para.9 line 37,Listen to what he says: “solitude can be as pleasant to be with as a companion.”,Para.10 line 39 Thoreaus life was self-content; he enjoys being alone.,Para.10 line 39,Perhaps here the most important idea is: If a person has a strong self-awareness, he is less likely to nee