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1、Unit 2 The environment,基础知识,考点知识,基础知识梳理 抓主干固双基,1. n.估量,debate,responsibility,responsible,operate,operation,quantity,decrease,measure,7. vt.欣赏;感谢 n.欣赏 8. adj.特别的;挑剔的 adv.特别,尤其 9. vt.吸收;理解 10. n.范围 11. n.赞扬;信用;学分 12. vi.流,流动 n.流动;连贯 13. n.产量;生产 v.生产,制作,appreciate,appreciation,particular,particularly,a
2、bsorb,range,credit,flow,production,produce,14. vt.信念 v.相信 17. adj.环境的 n.环境 18. adj.原始的 19. adj.愿意的,乐意的 adv.愿意地 n.愿意,recycle,greedy,belief,believe,environmental,environment,raw,willing,willingly,willingness,20. n.到来,抵达 vi.到达 21. adv.非法地 adj.违法的,非法的 22. n.洪水 vt.抵触 25.administration n._ 26.consume vt._
3、,arrival,arrive,illegally,illegal,flood,electrical,electric,conflict,管理;管理部门,消耗,耗费;消费,1.use 用尽 2.pick 找出,挑选 3. way 进行中 4. regard to 关于,至于 5.cut back 减少,削减,缩减 6.clean 打扫(或清除)干净 7.let 排放;宽恕 8. particular 尤其,特别 9.do ones 尽自己的职责 10.run (of) 用完,耗尽 11.queue 排队等候,up,out,under,in/with,on,up,off,in,part,out,
4、up,1.The worlds population has grown by _ in 1800. 世界人口比1800年已经增长了六倍。 2.However,I that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycled. 但是,我非常赞同我们应该更多地利用回收材料制造产品 3.People often have development is bad for the environment,but this does not have to be true.人们常常认 为经济发展对环境有害,但这不一定是正
5、确的。,six,times,what,it,was,do,agree,this,belief,that,1.debate n.争论,讨论,考点知识导练 解疑难提知能,英文典例: There had been much debate on the issue of childcare.人们对儿童 保育问题议论纷纷。 The motion under debate was put to a vote. 辩论中的动议已付诸表决。 After years of heated debate,gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Par
6、k.(2017全国,阅读理解C) 在多年激烈的争论后,灰狼再次被引进到黄石国家公园。,即学即用:完成句子 在20世纪20年代,美国出现了关于爵士乐的争论。 In the 1920s in the United States on jazz music. 他们将公开辩论这个问题。 They will openly.,答案:there was a debate debate the question,2.responsibility n.责任,职责,英文典例: And she said social media companies must also “take more responsibili
7、ty.” (2018江苏,阅读理解D) 并且她说社交媒体公司也必须“承担更多的责任”。 I dont feel ready to take on new responsibilities. 我不愿意承担新的责任。 Mike is responsible for designing the entire project. 迈克负责设计全部工程。,即学即用:语法填空 She takes her (responsible) as a nurse very seriously. Lets stay calm and try to behave like (responsibility) adults.
8、 The airline is legally responsible the safety of its passengers. Parents have a responsibility (give)their children a good education.,答案:responsibilities responsible for to give,3.operate v.经营;动手术;工作;运转;操作;行动,英文典例: What skills are needed to operate this machinery? 操作这种机器需要什么技能? We will have to oper
9、ate on his eyes. 我们得给他的眼睛动手术。 The new rules come into operation from next week. 新规定从下周起实施。,即学即用:语法填空 The old grandfather,much to the surprise of the doctors,wont want his granddaughter to (operate) on this week. The police have launched a major (operate) against drug supplies.,答案:be operated operati
10、on,4.quantity n.数量,英文典例: The police found a quantity of drugs at his home. 警察在他家发现了大量毒品。 Its cheaper to buy goods in quantity. 大宗购物比较便宜。,写作联想:典例其他表达方式 The police found large quantities of drugs at his home. Large quantities of drugs were found by the police at his home. A large quantity of drugs wer
11、e found by the police at his home. 特别提示:a quantity of/quantities of既能修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。前者接名词作主语时,其谓语动词取决于of后面的名词形式,如果是可数名词复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式,否则用单数形式。而后者接名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。,答案:A large quantity of beer has been sold out. Large quantities of money have been sent there. A large quantity of books have been off
12、ered to us.,即学即用:翻译句子 大量的啤酒已被售出。 那里已送去了大量的资金。 已给我们提供了大量的书籍。,5.decrease vt.& vi.减少,decrease from.to.从减少到 decrease by.减少了 (a) decrease in/of减少的量 increase from.to.从增加到,英文典例: This switch has decreased pollution in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. (2018全国,
13、语法填空) 这次改变已经减少国家的主要湖泊和水库的污染,对于人们来说,这使得饮 用水更加安全。 The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year. 今年新生人数从210减少到160。 There has been some decrease in military spending this year.今年 的军费开支有所减少。 The population has increased from 1.2 million to 1.8 million. 人口已从120万增加到了180万。,即学即用:语法填空 The pr
14、ice of wheat has decreased 15%. This species of bird is decreasing numbers every year.,答案:by in,6.measure n.措施,方法;尺度 vt.测量;估量,判定,英文典例: It found many youngsters(少年) now measure their status by how much public approval they get online.(2018江苏,阅读理解D) 人们发现很多少年现在通过他们在网上获得的公众认可的多少来衡量自己 的地位。 We must take p
15、reventive measures to reduce crime in the area. 我们必须采取预防措施来减少这个地区的犯罪。 Although these measures are not effective forever,they are vital for now. (2016北京,阅读理解C) 尽管这些措施不会长久有效,但目前来说却是至关重要的。,特别提示:measure表示“(测量后)有长(或宽、高、大等)”时,其后接表示事物长(宽、高)的度量名词,不用于被动语态和进行时态。如:This room measures 6 metres across.这房间宽六米。,即学即
16、用:完成句子 史密斯先生要求裁缝照他的尺寸做些新衣服。 Mr.Smith asked the tailor to some new clothes . . 我们应当采取措施来提高教学质量。 We should improve our teaching. 那次地震强度为5.3级。 The earthquake 5.3 magnitude.,答案:make;to his own measure take measures to measured,7.appreciate vt.欣赏,赞赏;感谢;领会,英文典例: I dont think we would have randomly invited
17、 him over but we appreciate it and the gifts.(2018全国,完形填空) 我想我们不会随意地邀请他来,但我们感激他的探望和礼物。 When you look people in the eye,they feel you appreciate what they are saying. 当你看着人们的眼睛时,他们觉得你欣赏他们所说的。 We would appreciate you letting us know of any problems.如有任何 问题,请告诉我们。 特别提示: 有些动词,如like,appreciate,dislike,ha
18、te等表示喜憎心理的动词往往先用it作形式宾语,再接一个宾语从句。,即学即用:语法填空 I would appreciate your (share) your umbrella with me. I appreciate him (take) the trouble to help me. I would appreciate if you help me with my housework.,答案:sharing taking it,8.particular adj.专指的,特指的;特别的;讲究的,挑剔的,英文典例: .young maple trees getting bitten by
19、 insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. (2017全国,阅读理解D) 被昆虫咬的年幼的枫树发出一种邻近的植物能闻到的特别的气味。 Shes very particular about her clothes. 她对衣着特别挑剔。 He loves science fiction in particular. 他特别喜爱科幻小说。,即学即用:完成句子 那是场不错的音乐会我尤其喜欢最后的那首歌。 It was a good concertI enjoyed the last song . 你应特别注
20、意拼写。 You should to your spelling.,答案:in particular pay particular attention,9.absorb vt.吸收;理解;使全神贯注,【巧学助记】,英文典例: When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead.(2016北京,阅读理解C) 当秃鹰吃身体里含铅的其他动物的尸体的时候,它们吸收了大量的铅。 She seemed totally absorbed in her book.
21、 她好像完全被这本书迷住了。 特别提示: 表示“专心做某事”还可以用:be lost in,be buried in,be devoted to等。,即学即用:语法填空 (absorb)herself in reading an interesting book,she forgot to have lunch. (absorb)in doing his homework,he didnt realize it was already bedtime. (absorb)in doing what you are interested in will contribute to your suc
22、cess in it.,答案:Absorbing Absorbed Being absorbed,10.use up用尽,英文典例: Making soup is a good way of using up leftover vegetables. 把剩下的蔬菜全部用来做汤是个好主意。 The building is currently being used as a warehouse. 这所房子目前用作仓库。,词语辨析:,Its predicted that the worlds oil supply would soon give out.据预测世界石油储存很快就会耗尽。 Youd b
23、etter go home before your money runs out. 你最好别等钱花光再回家。 We ran out of fuel. 我们把燃料用光了。 Ive used up all the notebooks. 所有的笔记本我都用完了。,即学即用:句型转换 The time ran out. The time was . We are running out of the petrol. We are the petrol.,答案:run out of using up,11.pick out找出,挑选出,英文典例: He picked out the ripest pea
24、ch for me. 他给我挑了个熟透了的桃子。 Youre waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.(2016天津卷) 你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接载游客。 She failed to pick up on the humour in his remark. 她没有领悟他话中的幽默。,即学即用:语法填空 She picked the good apples and threw out the bad ones. He never studied Japanese;what
25、 he knows is what he picked _ while living in Japan. It took Mary a long time to pick a new dress at the store.,答案:over/out up out/over,12.under way进行中,英文典例: Preparations are well under way for a week of special events in May. 五月份特别活动周的准备工作已经顺利开展。 The plans have been under discussion for a year now.
26、这些计划至 今已讨论一年了。 The hotel is currently under repair. 这家酒店正在维修。,即学即用:完成句子 Several new railways are under (建设) in China. How much money we should spend on endangered tigers is under (讨论). Im afraid that the road to Wolong Nature Reserve is under (修理). The request to buy a video for each classroom is un
27、der_ (考虑).,答案:construction discussion repair consideration,13.in/with regard to关于,至于,英文典例: The companys position with regard to overtime is made clear in their contracts.公司关于加班的立场在合同中有明确说明。 Capital punishment was regarded as inhuman and immoral. 死刑过去被认为是非人道且不道德的。 She has said nothing regarding your request. 关于你的要求,她什么也没说。,即学即用:句型转换 He asked a question about his pay during sickness. He asked a question his pay during sickness. He asked a question his pay during sickness.,答案:regarding with/in regard to,谢谢观赏！,