《2020版导与练一轮译林英语课件：第二部分 语法专题 六、非谓语动词 .ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2020版导与练一轮译林英语课件：第二部分 语法专题 六、非谓语动词 .ppt（44页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、六、非谓语动词,语法专项,跟踪训练,语法专项精讲 细筛选巧拓展,非谓语动词的形式及句法功能,考点一 非谓语动词作定语 1.动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语常表示该动作尚未发生,即动词不定式具备将来含义。 He has a lot of work to do. 他有很多工作要做。 He has something good enough to read. 他有很好的读物。,特别提示 动词不定式既可用主动式也可用被动式,但其含义有所不同。试比较: Do you have anything to send? (动作的执行者是“你”) Do you have anything to be sent?
2、(动作的执行者是“我”或“别人”)。,2.动词-ing形式作定语 当该动词与被修饰的名词之间为主动关系或用来表示被修饰词的用途时, 用动词-ing形式。 Three days later I received a letter offering me the job. 三天后,我收到了一封给我提供这份工作的信。 This is a reading room. 这是一个阅览室。,3.过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语,被修饰的名词与分词在逻辑上通常是被动关系。过去分词 作定语也可表示完成。 Tsinghua University,founded in 1911,is home to a great
3、number of outstanding figures. 清华大学建立于1911年,是许多杰出人物的摇篮。 This is a book written by a famous Chinese writer. 这是一本由一位著名的中国作家写的书。,考点二 非谓语动词作状语 1.动词不定式作状语,表示目的、原因、结果等。 She came here to work.她来这儿是为了工作。 Im glad to hear the news. 听到这个消息我非常高兴。 He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起石头结果砸了自己的脚。
4、,2.动词-ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式作状语,常表原因、方式、伴随、时间、结果、让步等,与句 子主语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。 She sat there reading. 她坐在那里读书。(伴随状语) Seeing her mother,she cried out. 一见到她妈妈,她哭了起来。(时间状语) Being blind,how could he see it? 眼睛失明了,他怎么能看得到它?(原因状语) His parents died,leaving him an orphan. 他的父母去世了,使他成为一名孤儿。(结果状语),特别提示 动词不定式作结果状语时,常表示意想
5、不到的结果;而动词-ing形式作结果状语时,常表示自然而然的结果。 He hurried to the bus stop,only to find that the bus had already gone. 他急匆匆赶到车站,结果发现公交车已经走了。 There was a terrible accident,causing the traffic jam. 出了严重的交通事故,引起了交通堵塞。,3.过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语,分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。 Given the right kind of training,these teenage soccer player
6、s may one day grow into international stars. 如果给予正确的训练,这些青少年足球运动员有一天也许会成为国际明星。 Bitten twice,the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. 由于被咬了两次,邮递员拒绝给我们送信,除非我们把狗拴起来。,某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化,且往往用于一些系表结构中,此时这些过去分词既不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态,如:lost(迷路的), seated(坐着的),hidden(隐瞒的),lost/absorbe
7、d in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿着的),tired of(对感到厌倦的)等。 Absorbed in his book,he didnt notice me enter the room. 专心于读书,他没注意到我进入房间。 Dressed in red,she looks more beautiful. 穿着红色的衣服,她看上去更漂亮了。,特别提示 独立成分作状语,其形式不受前后文的影响。常用的有: considering.(鉴于,考虑到);generally speaking(总的来说);judging by/from.(从来看,依据来判断);supposing that.(假
8、定); providing that.(如果);owing to.(由于);talking/speaking of.(谈及);given that.(考虑到);provided that.(如果); to tell the truth(实话实说);to be honest(老实说)等。 Generally speaking,it is hot in summer in this area. 总的来说,该地区夏季炎热。,考点三 非谓语动词作宾语 1.有些动词或动词短语后通常接不定式作宾语,巧记如下:,想要干:want,wish,hope,expect,seek,attempt,aim,claim
9、,would like/love,desire 早打算:plan,prepare,arrange 同意否:agree,promise,undertake,offer,refuse 问问看:ask,beg 决定了:decide,determine,make up ones mind,be determined 尽力干:manage(反义词fail),struggle,strive 努力做:make an effort 别装蒜:pretend,此外,learn,choose,afford,happen,wait等也常用不定式作宾语。 All the factors considered,we de
10、cided to offer the job to Li Wei,a man of rich experience. 把所有的因素都考虑进去后,我们决定把这份工作给李伟,一个很有经验的人。,2.有些动词或动词短语后常接动词-ing形式作宾语,巧记如下:,考虑建议盼原谅:consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/ pardon 承认推迟没得想:admit,delay/put off,fancy 避免错过继续练:avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice 否认完成停止赏:deny,finish,stop,enjoy/appr
11、eciate 不禁介意准逃亡:cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape 不准冒险凭想象:forbid,risk,imagine,此外,feel like,devote to,be/get used to,object to,set about,insist on,pay attention to,stick to,be busy (in),have difficulty/trouble (in)等动词短语后也接动词-ing形式作宾语。 I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.我回避
12、提及这个问题,以免冒犯他。,3.既可用动词-ing形式,也可用动词不定式作宾语,但意义区别明显的动词,That would mean wasting a lot of labour. 那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。 Really? I dont mean to waste any labour. 是吗?我并没打算浪费劳动力。,特别提示: 动名词作宾语时,可以带逻辑主语。此时,逻辑主语可以是物主代词、人称 代词的宾格或所有格。 作宾语的动名词和不定式除了一般式和主动式,还有完成式、被动式。完 成式表示该动作比谓语动作先发生。否定式在doing/to do前加not。 Do you mind my/m
13、e reading your paper? 你介意我看你的考卷吗? I regret not having taken her advice.(not须放在having前) 我感到 遗憾,没有听从她的建议。 They couldnt stand being treated like that. 他们不能忍受被那样对待。 He decided to help me but I pretended to have finished my job. 他决定帮我,但我假装已经完成工作了。,考点四 非谓语动词作宾补 1.分词作补语的区别 现在分词作宾补的两大特征:一是宾语与现在分词有主谓关系;二是现在
14、分词所表示的动作正在进行。可接现在分词作宾补的动词(短语)常见的有: have,see,hear,find,get,leave,notice,watch,keep,start,set,catch, smell,feel,listen to,look at等。 I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. I wont have you speaking to your dad like that. I heard an English song being sung by
15、a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.(被动,正在进行),过去分词作宾补的两大特征:一是及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语有动宾 关系;二是不及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语有主谓关系,多用来表示动作 已完成。可接过去分词作宾补的动词有:have,see,hear,find,leave,want, make等。 Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left. I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.,
16、2.不定式作补语 接带to的不定式作宾补,此类动词(短语)有:advise,allow,ask,cause, command,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,hate,invite,leave,like, mean,order,permit,persuade,prefer,request,tell,want,warn,wish, call on,depend on/upon,long for,wait for等。 I didnt mean you to hear it. Were all longing for the new term to begin.,
17、接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)有:make,have,let等使役动词以及 see,watch,notice,observe,look at,feel,hear,listen to等感官动词。 如果这些动词或短语用于被动语态,则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符 号to可以省略,也可以保留。 Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them. She was seen to enter the managers office ten minutes ago.,考点五 非谓语动词作主语 1.动词-ing
18、形式作主语 动词-ing形式作主语表示抽象的、经常性的或习惯性的动作,尤其是一般行 为倾向。 Its not easy to learn English well.Reading as much as possible is necessary. 学好英语不容易。尽可能多阅读是必要的。 通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长,用it作形式主语,动词-ing短语后置。 It is no good/use learning without practice. 学习但不实践是没有用的。,2.动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作。 To get up early is necess
19、ary. 早起是必要的。 通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长,用it作形式主语,动词不定式短语后置。 Its not easy to work out the problem. 解决这一问题不容易。,考点六 非谓语动词作表语 1.动名词作表语时,说明主语的内容。 The queens work is laying eggs. 2.不定式作表语时,说明主语尚未发生的动作,或表示将来的动作。 His ambition is to go to Harvard University. 注意:现在分词或过去分词作表语时,通常为分词化的形容词。,考点七 独立主格结构 1.名词或主格代词+动词不定式 名词或主格代
20、词与动词不定式之间是逻辑上的主动关系,且强调的是一次具 体性的将来的动作。 He is going to make a model plane,some old parts to help.借助于一 些旧零件,他要做一个飞机模型。 2.名词或主格代词+动词-ing形式 名词或主格代词与动词-ing形式之间为逻辑上的主动关系。 The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him),he didnt know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他,他不知道说什么好。,3.名词或主格代词+过去分词 名词或主格代词与过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动关
21、系。 The problems solved (= As the problems were solved),the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决,质量已经提高了。,4.with和without引导的独立主格结构 with/without复合结构既可看作介词短语,在句子中作定语;也可看作独立主 格结构,常在句中充当状语。其结构为:,The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him. John received an invitation to dinner,and with
22、his work finished,he gladly accepted it. With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly elected president is having a hard time.,真题链接,1.You dont have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit. (2018全国) 2.You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running.(
23、2018全国),答案及剖析: 1.to see 根据句意“要见到效果,你不必快跑或长时间地跑”, to see作目的状语。 2.dying 介词后应用die的动名词形式dying。,3.Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve) water quality. (2018全国) 4.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid (look) directly into his eye
24、s so he doesnt feel (challenge). (2018全国),答案及剖析: 3.to improve 根据语境“改善水质”是“政府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻”的目的,动词不定式作目的状语。 4.looking avoid后接动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”。 challenged 主语he与challenge(对挑战)为被动关系,故用过去分词表被动。,跟踪训练运用 重实效冲高考,.单句语法填空 1.Chinas approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its citizens “
25、offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the banks Juergen Voegele. (2018全国),答案及剖析: 1.feeding 本题主要考查非谓语动词。when/while +现在分词短语作时间状语的省略句。相当于when/while 引导的时间状语从句,省略主语China。,2.Once his message was delivered, he allowed me (stay) and watch.(2018全国) 3.Fat and salt are ve
26、ry important parts of a diet.They are required (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.,答案及剖析: 2.to stay 本题主要考查不定式。allow sb.to do sth.是固定结构,意为“允许某人做某事”,因此应填to stay。 3.to process 本题主要考查不定式。由require sb.to do sth.可知,此处应使用不定式,故填 to process。,4.By (eat
27、) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 5.This included digging up the road, (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.,答案及剖析: 4.eating 本题考查动名词形式。由于by属于介词,介词后应该使用动名词形式,意思是“通过吃快餐”,而不是被吃,不需要使用被动语态,此处应是主动语态,故答案为eating。 5.laying 本题主要考查现在分词。这里是由
28、and连接的三个动词-ing形式,故填laying。,6.I suggest we should visit the Palace Museum (build) 600 years ago. 7. (found) in the early 20th century,the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.,答案及剖析: 6.built 考查非谓语动词的用法。build与the Palace Museum之间是被动关系,因此用过去分词,在句中作后置定语。 7.Founded 考查非谓语动词的用法。动词found与逻辑主语the sc
29、hool是被动关系,所以用过去分词。,8.One morning,I was waiting at the bus stop,worried about (be) late for school. 9.It took years of work (reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water. 10.I got to the office earlier that day, (catch) the 7:30 train from Paddington.,答案及剖析: 8.being 考查非谓语动词用法。句中be作介词about的宾语,故
30、用being。 9.to reduce 考查非谓语动词用法。It took some time to do为固定句式, “花费多少时间干某事”,故用to reduce。 10.having caught 考查非谓语动词用法。句意:那天,我赶上了从帕丁顿出发的七点半的火车,很早就到了办公室。此句中“赶火车”发生在前,故用现在分词的完成时。,.单句语法改错(含非本专项及一句二错试题) 1.Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity;others were nervous and anxious.(2018全
31、国) 2.As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. (2018全国),答案及剖析: 1.take前加to be eager to do sth.意为“渴望做某事”。 2.watchingwatch ask to do sth.意为“请求做某事”。 去掉not后的to 情态动词would后接动词原形。,3.I am sure it wont be long until we find the
32、truth. 4.Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.,答案及剖析: 3.untilbefore it will not be long before.为固定句式,表示 “在之前,不会经历很长时间”或“很快就可以”。 4.waitwaiting andor 主语Everyone与wait为主动关系,故用现在分词作状语,因此将wait 改成waiting。第二处错误为连词使用错误。主语是 Everyone,因此应是“朗读他或她的段落”。因此and
33、改为or。,5.A week before the Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, called on us to join in the actions for a greener earth. 6.Suddenly Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her copy my answers, but I refused.,答案及剖析: 5.calledcalling 句意:在地球日之前的一个星期,我们学校周围张贴了海报,呼吁我们加入到打造更加绿色的地球的行动当中来。分析句子结构可知
34、, call与其逻辑主语posters之间为主动关系,因此,应用现在分词作状语。故将called改为calling。 6.askingasked but连接两个并列分句,前一分句缺少谓语动词,再结合后一分句的时态可知,应将asking改为asked。,7.Otherwise,other people will hate get on with you and your life will become difficult. 8.She imagined walk into the office and asking for leave.,答案及剖析: 7.getgetting/to get h
35、ate后既可以跟to do又可以跟doing,但不可以跟动词原形。 8.walkwalking 根据动词imagine的用法:imagine doing.可知,后面要用动词-ing形式。,9.Seeing from the top of the hill,the city was extremely beautiful. 10.It will be convenient for you get around the city because a bus stop is right in the front of the building.,答案及剖析: 9.SeeingSeen 句意:从山顶上看,这座城市极其美丽。主语the city与see为逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词形式作状语。 10.get前加to 此处为It be+adj.+for sb. to do sth.结构,动词不定式作真正的主语。 去掉第二个the in front of“在(外部)的前面”,in the front of“在(内部的)前面”,根据句意:公交车站正好在该建筑物的前面。故the多余。,谢谢观赏！,