《2020版导与练一轮译林英语课件：第二部分 语法专题 十一、定语从句 .ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2020版导与练一轮译林英语课件：第二部分 语法专题 十一、定语从句 .ppt（31页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、十一、定语从句,语法专项,跟踪训练,语法专项精讲 细筛选巧拓展,考点一 关系词的用法,Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields. 有些在语言学习上很有成就的人,在其他领域常常一无所成。 I have many friends to whom Im going to send postcards.我有很多朋友,我打算寄明信片给他们。 Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quic
2、kly. 很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。 He will tell you everything that he heard about it. 他将告诉你他所听到的关于这件事的一切。,This is the factory(which/that)we visited last year. 这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。 As we know,smoking is harmful to ones health. 众所周知,吸烟有害健康。 There are occasions when(=on which)one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Be
3、ijing is the place where(=in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why(=for which)he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?,考点二 关系代词that和which的区别,There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. 世界上对他来说好像没有不可能的事。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking ab
4、out? 你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗? My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 The reason for which he refused the invitation is not clear.他拒绝邀请的原因不清楚。 Whats that which was put in the car? 被放入车内的是什么?,考点三 关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句 1.关系副词when引导的定语从句 先行词是表示时间的名词,从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语,引导词常用
5、关系 副词when,when在从句中充当时间状语,也可用“介词+which”结构代替。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我还记得我第一次来这所学校的那天。 The film brought the hours back to me,when I was taken good care of in that faraway village. 这部电影把我带回到在那个偏僻的村子我被细心照顾的岁月。 The book was written in 1946,since when the education syst
6、em has witnessed great changes.这本书写于1946年。自那时以来,教育制度已经 历了巨大的变化。,2.关系副词where引导的定语从句 (1)先行词是表示地点的名词时,从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语,引导词常用关系副 词where,where在从句中充当地点状语。 Jane paused in front of a counter where some attractive ties were on display.简停留在一个柜台前,一些吸引人的领带摆在那儿。 (2)有时先行词是表示抽象意义的地点名词,像activity,business,career,case,
7、job, point,position,race,stage,situation等,当从句中缺少状语时,用关系副词 where。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 Its helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently. 把孩子放在一个能使他们从不同角度认识自己的处境中对他们是有帮助的。,3.关系副词why引导的定语从句 关系副词why引导定
8、语从句时,修饰表示原因的名词。只能在定语从句中作 原因状语,可用for which代替,有时也可以省略。如: The reason why he didnt pass the driving test was that he lacked practice. 因为缺少实践,他没有通过驾驶考试。,考点四 “介词+关系词”引导的定语从句 1.一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手:先行词的意 义;从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配;句子的意思。 Ill never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the c
9、ountry. 我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。 2.表示“整体和部分关系”,介词常用of。在some,any,few,none,all,both, neither,most,each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。 John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of whom are the family members. 约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼,他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。,3.有时“介词+where”可以引导定语从句,此时要和“介词+which”引导的 定语从句从意思上加以区别。 His hea
10、d soon appeared out of the window,from where he saw nothing but trees. 他的头很快从窗口探了出来,从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the window,而不是from the window) 考点五 as,which引导的定语从句 1.as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如,正像”,as引导的 句子可放在句首、句末或句中。 As everybody knows,China is a developing country. 众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。,2.wh
11、ich引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容时,意为“这,这一点”。 Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012,which made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true. 莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖,这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变 成现实。 3.as常用在下列习惯用语中。 as(it) often happens,as I remember,as is often the case,as is expected,as is known to us,
12、as is shown等。 He shouts when he gets angry,as is often the case. 他生气时就大叫,这是常有的情形。,4.“such/so.as.”表“像这样”的意思,用来引导定语从句,as 在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。 Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out. 上学期我们数学老师出了一道很难的考试题,没有一个人能解出来。 5.“the same.that.”表同一个人或物,而“the same.as
13、.”表同种 类的东西。 I would like to use the same tool as you used yesterday. 我想用你昨天使用的那种工具。 I would like to use the same tool that you used yesterday.我想用 你昨天使用的那件工具。,考点六 定语从句中的主谓一致 1.关系代词作从句的主语时,从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致, 先行词是句子时,从句的谓语动词用单数。 The recorder that has been given to me is homemade. 给我的那台录音机是国产的。 2.“o
14、ne of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时,关系代词在从句中作主语, 从句的谓语动词常用复数,但当one前有the,the only,the very等修饰时, 从句的谓语动词要用单数。 He is one of the students who have made great progress. 他是取得很大进步的学生之一。,真题链接,1.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced
15、 the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. (2018全国),答案及剖析: 1.that/which 此处用that / which引导定语从句修饰先行词study。,2.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government started a soil-testing program gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011, fe
16、rtilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.(2018全国),答案及剖析: 2.that/which 根据语境可知,“. gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers”修饰 “a soil-testing program”,先行词表示物,关系代词作定语从句的主语,用that或者which。,3.(改错)They also had a small pond which they raised fish. (2018全国) 4.Many westerners come to China cook mu
17、ch less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. (2018浙江),答案及剖析: 3.whichwhere 或 which前加in 本句是含有定语从句的复合句,先行词是pond,关系副词在定语从句中作状语,相当于in which,故which改为where或在其前加in。 4.who/that 考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句,先行词是westerners指人,在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词who/that引导,故填who/that。,5.Like anything, it
18、is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health.(2017全国),答案及剖析: 5.which 本题主要考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,主句主谓完整,定语从句缺少主语且从句前有逗号,故此处应填入关系代词 which。,跟踪训练运用 重实效冲高考,.单句语法填空 1.But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. (2017全国),答案及剖析
19、: 1. who 此处先行词在从句中作主语且指人,故用who引导。,2.The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017北京) 3.Many young people, most of were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.,答案及剖析: 2.that 句意:我们在日常生活中遇到的这些小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感。先行词受little修饰,且定语从句中缺少宾语,所
20、以用关系代词that引导该从句。 3.whom 句意:很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐他们的梦想,他们中的很多人都受过良好教育。根据句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,先行词为many young people,作介词of的宾语,故要用whom。,4.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. 5.China Today attracts a worldwide readership, shows that more and more people
21、all over the world want to learn about China.,答案及剖析: 4.whose 句意:1963年,联合国设立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一是缓解全球饥荒。分析句子结构可知,先行词the World Food Programme与purpose构成所属关系,故填whose。 5.which 考查定语从句。句意:今日中国获得了全世界读者的关注,这表明世界各地越来越多的人想了解中国。which引导非限制性定语从句代指前面整句话。,6.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere h
22、is employees enjoy their work. 7.I dont know the reason you lied to your parents,but youd better explain. 8. is mentioned above,paper is first made in China.,答案及剖析: 6.where 考查定语从句。句意:这家公司的老板正试图创造一个让员工都享受工作的轻松环境。先行词为抽象地点名词,定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语,故用where引导。 7.why 考查定语从句。定语从句“you lied to your parents”中缺状语,先行
23、词为the reason,表原因,故用why。 8.As 考查定语从句。as引导非限制性定语从句且可位于句首,此时不能用which。,9.A sailor has experienced no storm will never become an excellent sailor. 10.I often think about the times I have felt hurt and insulted by rude remarks from strangers and sometimes from acquaintances.,答案及剖析: 9.who/that 考查定语从句。定语从句的
24、先行词“a sailor”指人,而且后面的定语从句缺少主语,故用who或that。 10.when 考查定语从句。先行词the times指时间,而且后面的定语从句缺状语,故用when。,.单句语法改错(含非本专项及一句二错试题) 1.In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.(2017全国) 2.Around me in the picture are the things they were ve
25、ry important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. (2017全国),答案及剖析: 1.thatwhich .is on the.house是非限制性定语从句,且关系代词在从句中作主语,指代上文的garden,所以用which来引导该定语从句。 2.theythat/which things是名词,后面接了一个定语从句,修饰先行词things,既可以用that也可以用which作关系代词。,3.The students are playing football on the playgroun
26、d are of Class 2. 4.Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. 5.There is no such man here that you mentioned just now.,答案及剖析: 3.students后面加who 主句为The students are of Class 2,定语从句的先行词为the students,且定语从句.are playing football on the playground中缺少主 语,故使用
27、表示人的关系代词who。 4.seriouslyserious 句意:全球变暖已经成为一个严重的问题。词性用法错误。修饰名词,应用形容词修饰。 5.thatas 句意:这里没有你刚才提及的那个人。先行词是such修饰的某一名词时,定语从句应用关系代词as来引导,因此把that改为as。,6.Please pass me the magazine that cover is blue. 7.There are three people in my family and Im the only one child, who is very common in Chinese families.,答
28、案及剖析: 6.thatwhose 先行词为the magazine,关系词在定语从句中作cover的定 语,表示所属关系,故使用关系代词whose。 7.whowhich which引导定语从句代指上句的内容,即“我家共有三口人,我是家中的独生子。”,8.Travelling abroad,you should follow the customs of the country where you are visiting. 9.Those that have plenty money will help their friends. 10.This is the longest train which I have ever seen.,答案及剖析: 8.wherewhich/that或者省去where 定语从句“you are visiting”缺少宾语,故引导词为that/which或者可以省去。 9.thatwho 定语从句中当先行词those指人时,关系代词用who不用that。 plenty后加of plenty of许多,为固定搭配。 10.whichthat 定语从句中,当先行词由最高级所修饰时,关系代词用that不用which。,谢谢观赏！,