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1、四、形容词和副词,语法专项,跟踪训练,语法专项精讲 细筛选巧拓展,考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法 1.形容词的基本用法 形容词在句中可以用作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。 2.副词的基本用法 副词在句中可以用作状语(修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、整个句子等)、 表语、定语和宾语补足语。,3.意义有别的同根副词 close接近地 closely仔细地 free免费地 freely自由地 hard努力地 hardly几乎不 late迟,晚 lately 近来 most极,非常 mostly主要地 wide广阔地 widely广泛地 high高 highly高度地 deep 深 deep
2、ly深刻地,深沉地 near临近 nearly几乎 pretty相当地 prettily迷人地,特别提示:常见的以-ly结尾的形容词,如:lovely, lonely, lively, deadly, friendly, likely, unlikely, silly, ugly, daily, motherly, fatherly, brotherly, elderly等。 Deep in thought,he didnt notice me. 陷入沉思中,他没注意到我。 He was deeply moved by the moving story. 他被这个感人的故事深深地感动了。,考点
3、二 形容词和副词的比较等级 1.比较级和最高级的构成 (1)规则形式 单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词,在原级后加-er,-est构成。 如:clevercleverercleverest。其他特殊变化见下表:,多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级前加more,most构成。 activemore activemost active happilymore happilymost happily,(2)不规则变化,特别提示 以下形容词及其副词无比较级和最高级:relative,absolute, perfect,entire,senior,unique,present,simply,righ
4、t,wrong等。,2.基本用法 (1)两者相比,表示“和一样”,用“as+原级+as”表示。 He learns as quickly as his classmates. 他和他的同学学得一样快。,特别提示 在同级比较中,若同时出现形容词修饰单数可数名词,其语序为:as+adj.+a(n)+n.+as。 Our neighbor has as big a house as ours. 我们的邻居有一套和我们的一样大的房子。,(2)两者相比,表示“不如”,用“not as/so+原级+as”。 Unfortunately,my wife isnt so fond of them as I a
5、m.不幸的是, 我妻子不如我那么喜欢他们。 (3)两者相比,表示“比更”,用“比较级+than”;表示“不如”, 用“not+比较级+than”。 Seeking information on the Internet is more convenient than searching in a library. 在互联网上查找信息比在图书馆查找更方便。 This one is not better than that one. 这个不如那个好。,特别提示 修饰比较级的词语有:a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lo
6、ts, a great deal, any, still, even等;还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。 修饰最高级的词语有:by far, far, much, mostly, almost和序数词。 We have a much better life now. 我们现在的日子好得多了。 The buildings look far uglier in London than here. 伦敦的建筑比这儿的难看得多。 She is the second tallest student in our class. 她是我们班第二高的学生。,3.特殊用法 (1)“比较级+and+比较级
7、”表示 “越来越”。 In many ways my disability has made me grow more and more independent. 在很多方面,我的残疾已经使我变得越来越独立。 (2)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越,就越”。 The more upset I got,the less I was able to concentrate. 我越烦就越不能集中精力。 (3)“more+原级+than+原级”表示“与其说不如说”。 The girl was more frightened than hurt. 与其说这个女孩是受了伤,不如说是受到了惊吓。,
8、(4)“more than+主语+can+谓语”表示“非所能;不能”。 The beauty of the city is more than I can describe. 这座城市的美是我所不能描述的。 (5)形容词比较级前一般不用冠词,但如果出现表示范围的短语时,就需要加 定冠词。 Of the two sisters,Mary is the cleverer. 这两姐妹中,玛丽更聪明。,特别提示 有时形容词最高级前不用the,句中的most 相当于very,意为“非常,十分”。 This is a most interesting story. 这是一个很有趣的故事。,4.比较级形式表
9、示最高级含义 在某个特定范围内,同类事物对比,可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义。 比较级+than+any other+单数名词 比较级+than+the other+复数名词 比较级+than+anyone/ anything else 比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词 China is the largest country in Asia.That is,it is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国是亚洲最大的国家,即中国比亚洲其他任何国家都要大。,5.表示倍数的三个常用句型 (1).倍数+as+原级+as.
10、He can run three times as fast as John. 他跑得有约翰三倍快。 (2).倍数+比较级+than. This table is three times bigger than that one. 这张桌子比那张桌子大两倍。 (3).倍数+the size/length/width/height,etc.+of. This table is three times the size of that one. 这张桌子是那张的三倍大。,考点三 形容词和副词的词形变化 1.常见的形容词后缀,2.形容词转换为副词,真题链接,1.According to a revi
11、ew of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years (long) than non-runners.(2018全国) 2.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption.(2018全国),答案及剖析: 1.longer 考查副词比较级。根据空白处之后的than可知,此处用long的比较级。 2.global 考查词性转换。此处和total一起修饰名词短语ferti
12、lizer consumption。,3.A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.(2018全国) 4.He screams the (loud) of all.(2018全国) 5.Running is cheap, easy and its always (energy). (2018全国),答案及剖析: 3.actually 考查词性转换。应用副词作状语修饰介词短语behind the c
13、hange。 4.loudest 考查副词最高级。由空格后的“of all”可知,(雄性大猩猩)喊叫声最大。因此填最高级形式loudest。 5.energetic 考查词性转换。本句为主系表结构,故此处应该用形容词作表语。,跟踪训练运用 重实效冲高考,.单句语法填空 1.But once they make it to junior high,they (final) have their own place to store bags and coats! 2.Even (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.,答案及剖
14、析: 1.finally 考查派生词。根据句意,此处应该用final的副词形式finally,用副词修饰整个句子。 2.worse 考查比较级。结合语境可知,此处应表达的是“更糟的是”,故此处应填入bad的比较级worse。,3.When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold,she said it would be an (interest) experience. 4.However,be (care) not to go to extremes.,答案及剖析: 3.interesting
15、 考查派生词。句意:当我告诉她呼吸困难并且天气极冷时,她说那会是一次有趣的经历。此空用形容词形式修饰名词experience,故用interest对应的形容词interesting。 4.careful 考查形容词。结合句意及空格前的 be 可知,此处应填入的是形容词,故正确答案为careful。,5.Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. 6.They have
16、been anxiously waiting and even getting desperate after waiting (hopeless) for so many days.,答案及剖析: 5.fairly 考查副词。unpleasant是形容词,所以需要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词,故填fairly。 6.hopelessly 考查派生词。句意:他们焦急地等了这么多天之后,甚至变得绝望了。此处修饰动词必须用副词形式,而且是“无望地”,必须用hopelessly,不能用hopefully。,7. (unfortunate),Van Goghs art wasnt very popu
17、lar while he was alive. 8.The central London Railway was one of the most (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.,答案及剖析: 7.Unfortunately 考查派生词。句意:不幸的是,凡高还活着时,他的画作不很受欢迎。修饰整个句子需用副词Unfortunately。 8.successful 考查形容词。空格前是the most,所以要跟形容词构成最高级,故填successful。,9.This proverb is saying we have to
18、 let things go in their . (nature) course. 10.He sat down and started (gentle) talking to the child.,答案及剖析: 9.natural 考查派生词。此处在句中作定语,修饰名词course,因此填提示词的形容词形式natural。 10.gently 考查派生词。句意:他坐了下来,开始温柔地和孩子谈了起来。此处需要用副词gently修饰talking。,.单句语法改错(含非本专项及一句二错试题) 1.I felt happily that their life had improved.(2018
19、全国) 2.I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. (2018全国),答案及剖析: 1.happilyhappy 本句中felt是系动词,意为“觉得”,后面应用形容词作表语,故happily改为happy。 2.去掉that largerlarge “我害怕做”应为be afraid to do.因此去掉that。第二处指一大群人,与上下文无比较关系。因此将larger改为large。,3.Immediate, I raised my hand.(2018全国) 4.That accident took
20、place on winter morning of the year 2018. 5.So truly friendship should be able to stand all sorts of tests.,答案及剖析: 3.ImmediateImmediately 修饰后面的动作raised my hand,应用副词。 4.winter前加a 在描述“一个样的”的时候,通常会在前面加上不定冠词,此处意为“2018年的一个冬天的清晨”。 5.trulytrue 句中friendship为名词,只能用形容词修饰名词,不能用副词形式,故把truly改为true。,6.All that ca
21、n be done have been done. 7.If smokers cant quit smoking once and for all,they can reduce the number of cigarettes they have per day until this bad habit is dropped complete.,答案及剖析: 6.havehas all在句中作主语,指代要做的事,属于笼统不具体的事物,谓语动词要用单数形式。 pletecompletely 句意:如果烟民不能一次性地戒烟,他们可以减少每天抽烟的数量,直到最后完全戒除这种坏习惯。根据句子结构可知
22、,修饰is dropped需用副词。,8.I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people. 9.No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before.,答案及剖析: 8.noisenoisy 句意:我注意到这节车箱内声音吵闹并且充满了人。此处noise为名词,应该用形容词作表语,表示“吵闹的”,故改为noisy。 9.previouspreviously 应该用副词previously修饰动词spoken。,谢谢观赏！,