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1、十二、特殊句式及结构,语法专项,跟踪训练,语法专项精讲 细筛选巧拓展,考点一 倒装 (一)完全倒装 1.表示方向、地点和时间的副词、介词短语置于句首时用完全倒装。常见的 有:there,here,in,out,away,up,down,from,off,back,over,then,now,in the room,on the wall 等。 Here comes the bus.车来了。 In rushed the angry man. 那个生气的男人冲了进来。,Now is your turn. 现在轮到你了。 In front of the school gate is a big be
2、autiful garden. 学校门前是一个漂亮的大花园。,特别提示 主语为代词时不倒装。 Out they rushed.他们冲了出去。,2.表语+连系动词+主语(表语是形容词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、过去分 词等) Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests. 出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授,还有许多其他客人。 Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 这些就是事实,没有人可以否认。,(二)部分倒装 1.“only+状语(
3、副词、介词短语或状语从句)”置于句首时,句子或者主句要 用部分倒装。 Only then did he realize that he had lost his way. 直到那时他才意识到自己迷路了。 Only when he returned did we find out the truth. 唯有他回来,我们才能弄明白事实。,2.具有否定意义的副词或短语如not,nor,neither,never,seldom,rarely, hardly,little,by no means,at no time,in no way,under no circumstances等位于句首时,句子用部
4、分倒装。 Seldom had he seen a child with so much talent. 他以前难得见过如此有天赋的孩子。 By no means shall we give up.我们绝不会放弃。 3.在以下几个固定句式结构中,句子使用部分倒装。 (1)so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语 They love having lots of friends.So do those with disabilities. 他们喜欢拥有许多朋友,残疾人也是如此。,特别提示 so表示“是的,确实”,重复上文,表示赞同对方的观点时,主谓语不倒装。 It is too hot.天太热了。 S
5、o it is.是啊,的确很热。,(2)neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语 I dont know who he is,nor do I want to know. 我不知道他是谁,我也不想知道。 (3)在such/so.that .结构中,“so/such+被修饰词”位于句首时,主句用部 分倒装。 So fast did he run that he was far ahead of others. 他跑得很快,远远领先于其他人。 (4)neither.nor.结构位于两个分句的句首时,用部分倒装。 Neither do I know it,nor do I care ab
6、out it. 我不知道这件事,我也不在乎。,(5)在not only .but (also).结构中,not only位于句首时,第一个分句用 部分倒装。 Not only do I like painting,but I (also) take a course.我不但喜欢 画画,而且还上了绘画课。,特别提示 此结构连接主语时不倒装。 Not only he but also his parents are sick. 不但他而且他父母也病了。,(6)not until .位于句首时,句子或主句用部分倒装。 Not until my son had entered the universi
7、ty did he realize the importance of time. 直到我儿子上了大学他才知道时间的重要性。 (7)在hardly.when./no sooner.than.结构中,hardly/no sooner位 于句首时,主句用部分倒装。 Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door. 她一坐下就听到有人敲门。 No sooner had she stepped out of the house than it began to rain. 她刚踏出家门天就下起雨来。,特别提示 这两
8、个结构都要求主句谓语用过去完成时。,(8)as/though引导的让步状语从句可以将句中状语、表语、动词原形提到句首 构成部分倒装。 Pretty as/though she is,she is not proud. 尽管她很漂亮,但她一点也不自负。 Try as he would,he might fail again. 尽管他还会尝试,但可能还会失败。,特别提示 单数可数名词表语提前时,省略其前的不定冠词。 Child as he is,he knows a lot. 虽然他还是个孩子,但他懂得很多。,(9)虚拟条件句若有had,were,should时,可省略if,从句用部分倒装。 We
9、re I you,I would take his advice. 如果我是你,我会接受他的建议。 Should it rain tomorrow,the sports meeting would be put off. 如果明天下雨,运动会将会推迟。,考点二 省略 1.状语从句的省略 (1)在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,as if,though, as等引导的状语从句中,若谓语部分含有be动词,而从句的主语又与主句 的主语一致或从句的主语是it 时,从句的主语和be动词常被省略。 While (we were) walking,
10、we met our old friend Jack. 我们散步时碰到了老朋友杰克。,(2)if so,if any,if possible,if necessary,if not 已看作固定搭配。 If (it is) necessary,ask Mr.Wang to help you. 如果有必要,找王先生帮你。 Errors,if (there are) any,should be corrected. 如果有什么错误,就应该改正。,2.不定式的省略 (1)在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,有时不定式可以省略,但通常保留不定 式符号to。 I shall go if I want to.
11、如果我想去就去。 (2)若被省略的不定式结构中含有be,have,have been,通常应保留这些词。 He hasnt finished yet. Well,he ought to have. 他还没完成。 哦,他该完成了。,考点三 强调句型 1.强调句的基本句型是“It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分”。 被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语、状语等。 It is only children who will make such stupid mistakes. 只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。 2.强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前,特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词 +
12、is/was+it+that+其他部分”。 Was it in this market that you bought the TV? 你是在这个市场买的电视吗? Where was it that he got the information? 他是从哪里弄到这个信息的?,特别提示 强调句型不能强调谓语动词。如果需要强调谓语动词,用“助动词do,does或did+动词原形”,意为“的确;真的;务必”。 Do sit down.务必请坐。 He did say that he would help me. 他的确说过他会帮我的。,考点四 there be结构 1.there be结构的谓语形式
13、 there be结构中的谓语动词be有时可用seem to be,happen to be,be likely to be 或remain,stand,lie,go,exist,follow,live,come,occur 等替换。 There seems to be something wrong with the machine. 机器好像出了点问题。 There is likely to be an important meeting tomorrow. 明天很可能会有一个重要的会议。 Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the te
14、mple.从前,那座 庙里住着一个老和尚。,2.there be结构的非谓语形式 What is the chance of there being an election this year? 今年举行选举的可能性有多大? (there be的动词-ing形式作介词 of的宾语) I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job. 我希望他有很多机会能找到工作。 (there be的动词不定式结构作动词expect的复合宾语),考点五 感叹句 感叹句常用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。 1.what 引导的感叹句 What+a/an+
15、adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! What+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语! What a strange plant!Ive never seen it before. 这种植物真奇怪!我以前从未见过。 What lovely children they are! 他们是多么可爱的孩子啊!,2.how 引导的感叹句 How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语! How+主语+谓语! How interesting a story it is! =What an interesting story it is! 这是多么有
16、趣的一个故事啊! How time flies! 时间过得真快啊!,真题链接,1.It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house . we saw Lily in the passenger seat.(2018天津) 2.In any unsafe situation, simply (press) the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.(2018北京),答案及剖析: 1.that 考查强调句。句意:只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来
17、我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句,强调句型结构为:It is/was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。 2.press 祈使句+and/or+陈述句是一种常见结构。当前后两部分间为承接关系时,用and;前后意思为相反关系时,用or。该句式中的陈述句部分常用一般将来时态。,跟踪训练运用 重实效冲高考,.单句语法填空 1.So buried (be) she in doing her homework that she didnt notice it got dark outside. 2.Not until recent
18、ly they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.,答案及剖析: 1.was 考查倒装句。句意:她如此埋头做她的家庭作业以至于她都没注意到外面天已经黑了。在so. that. 句型中,将so置于句首时,后面的主谓语需部分倒装;根据题干中didnt 可知设空处需用一般过去时,故答案为was。 2.did 考查部分倒装。当not until所引导的时间状语放在句首的时候,主句要部分倒装。句意:直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。,3.Always (keep) in
19、mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly. 4.Only when Lily walked into the office she realize that she had left the contract at home.,答案及剖析: 3.keep 考查祈使句。这是一个完整的句子,而that引导的是宾语从句,因此只能是祈使句。 4.did 句意:只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候,她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。本题考查only位于句首,引导时间状语从句时,主句要部分倒装。,5.The climate here
20、is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ever, reaching 30 in summer. 6.Children, when (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.,答案及剖析: 5.if 考查省略句。句意:这里夏天的气候宜人,如果气温曾经超过30度,那也很少会这样的。本句中的if ever相当于if the temperature has ever reached 30。 6.accompanied 考查状语从句的省略。本题考查的是状语从句的省略:当状语
21、从句的主语和主句主语一致且含有be动词的时候,可以把状语从句的主语和be动词一起省略。本题在when的后面省略了they are。因为children和动词accompany构成被动关系,所以使用过去分词表示被动。句意:当孩子有父母亲陪伴的时候,他们是被允许进入体育馆的。,7.No sooner Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 8.On the top of the hill (stand) a church, whose style can be traced to t
22、he ages of the Roman Empire.,答案及剖析: 7.had 考查倒装句。本题中的固定句式no sooner. than.一就;当否定词放在句首的时候,主句中要使用部分倒装的形式。句意:莫言一走上舞台,观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。根据句意可知莫言走上舞台是在观众鼓掌之前,而观众鼓掌已经使用了一般过去时,在这之前的动作要使用过去完成时。同时要使用倒装句式。 8.stands 此处是全部倒装结构。当表示地点的短语放在句首且主语是名词时,句子要全部倒装,故此处填stands。,.单句语法改错(含非本专项及一句二错试题) 1.The instructor kept repeatin
23、g the words.“Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!”(2017全国) 2.Doing as well as you can today, and perhaps you may be able to do better tomorrow.,答案及剖析: 1.TurningTurn 最后一句为祈使句,并和上文中的“Speed up”和“Slow down”并列,故改为动词原形Turn。 2.DoingDo 该句为“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构,祈使句句首应用动词原形,故将Doing改为Do。,3.There have several advan
24、tages if you consult the persons you trust. 4.It is no doubt that mothers play a vital role in their childrens daily life.,答案及剖析: 3.haveare 考查there be句型。have/has不能代替there be句型中的be。 4.ItThere 考查固定句式“There is no doubt that .”。,5.There was many tasks I had to finish.Besides, I attended English and Math
25、 training classes because of my weaknesses in the two subjects. 6.We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.,答案及剖析: 5.waswere 考查there be .句型的主谓一致,be动词的单复数取决于后面紧邻的主语的单复数,此处主语“many tasks”为复数,be动词应用复数,故将was改为were。 6.taketaking 本句中动名词短语staying at home与taking a trip构成并列关系,都作介词between的宾语。,7.Wo
26、rk hard or youll pass the final exam. 8.Such difficult did I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advices.,答案及剖析: 7.orand 根据句意:努力工作,你就会通过期末考试的。不能用or。此句也可以改为Work hard or you will not pass the final exam.努力工作,否则你不会通过期末考试。 8.SuchSo such后面的中心词为名词,而so后的中心词为形容词或副词。 advicesadvice advice为不可数名词,故应为advice。,谢谢观赏！,