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1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN12875-1:2005Mechanical dishwashing resistance of utensils Part 1: Reference test method for domestic articlesThe European Standard EN 12875-1:2005 has the status of aBritish StandardICS 67.250; 97.040.40; 97.040.60 BS EN 12875-1:2005National forewordThis British Standard is the
2、official English language version ofEN 12875-1:2005. It supersedes DD ENV 12875-1:1998 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteeCW/29, Tableware, which has the responsibility to:aid enquirers to understand the text;present to the responsible inte
3、rnational/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its
4、secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Cat
5、alogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.Summary of pagesThis document
6、comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 11 and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amd. No.DateCommentsThis British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and St
7、rategy Committeeon 15 September 2005 BSI 15 September 2005ISBN 0 580 46152 1Amendments issued since publicationEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 12875-1May 2005ICS 67.250; 97.040.40; 97.040.60Supersedes ENV 12875-1:1998English versionMechanical dishwashing resistance of utensils - P
8、art 1: Reference test method for domestic articlesRsistance mcanique au lave-vaisselle des utensils - Partie 1: Mthode dessai de rfrence pour articles usage domestiqueSplmaschinenbestndigkeit von Gegenstnden - Teil 1: Referenz-Prfverfahren fr HaushaltswarenThis European Standard was approved by CEN
9、on 7 April 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may
10、be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Centra
11、l Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Polan
12、d, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONC O M I T EUR O P EN DE NOR M A L I S A TI ON EUR O P I S C H ES KOM I TEE F R NOR M UNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CENAll rights of exploitation in a
13、ny form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12875-1:2005: EEN 12875-1:2005 (E)ContentsPageForeword .3Introduction.41Scope .52Normative references .53Terms and definitions .54Principle.65Reagents.66Features of the dishwasher .77Test specimens .78Procedure .79Expre
14、ssion of results.910Test report .10Bibliography.1111ForewordThis European Standard (EN 12875-1:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 194 “Utensils in contact with food”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, e
15、ither by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2005.This document supersedes ENV 12875-1:1998.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organi
16、zations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slo
17、venia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.IntroductionThis European Standard specifies a test method for the determination of the mechanical dishwashing resistance of domestic articles. The results obtained according to this document are intended to serve for comparison purposes for the d
18、ishwashing resistance of the different domestic articles and give an indication of resistance only under the standard conditions of this test.The dishwasher test method described in this document is both time consuming and expensive. However, no single accelerated and inexpensive test is available w
19、hich gives comparable results to the dishwasher test for the whole variety of utensils made of various materials which are cleaned in dishwashers. The test method described here is to be used as a reference method for dishwashing resistance.Accelerated test methods may be used instead of the referen
20、ce test method provided that valid comparison to the dishwasher test is shown.NOTEConsideration should be given to the normal use of each type of domestic article and its normal frequency of mechanical dishwashing.Further parts of EN 12875, under the general title Mechanical dishwashing resistance o
21、f utensils, that have already been published or are in preparation are as follows:Part 2: Inspection of non-metallic articlesPart 4: Rapid test for domestic ceramic articlesPart 5: Rapid test for ceramic catering articles1 ScopeThis European Standard specifies a method for testing the resistance of
22、domestic articles made from ceramic, glass, glass ceramic, vitreous enamel, metal and plastics under the combined chemical, thermal and mechanical stresses of mechanical dishwashing in domestic dishwashers.It specifies a reference test method for domestic dishwashing only. It does not define the num
23、ber of dishwashing cycles which any given product shall withstand.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced docume
24、nt (including any amendments) applies.EN 60335-1, Safety of household and similar electrical appliances - Part 1: General requirements (IEC60335-1: 2001 Modified)EN 60335-2-5, Safety of household and similar electrical appliances - Part 2-5: Particular requirements for dishwashers (IEC 60335-2-5: 19
25、92, modified)IEC 60436, Electric dishwashers for household use - Methods for measuring the performanceISO 6059, Water quality Determination of the sum of calcium and magnesium EDTA titrimetric methodISO 8288, Water quality Determination of cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead Flame atomic
26、absorption spectrometric methodsISO 9297, Water quality Determination of chloride Silver nitrate titration with chromate indicator (Mohrs method)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1dishwashing resistanceability of the articl
27、e to withstand a number of test cycles without significant changes3.2test dishwasherspecial domestic dishwashing machine, which washes, rinses and dries articles, and which simulates the mean stresses of a domestic dishwashing machine3.3test cycleseries of operations for the washing, rinsing and dry
28、ing of the articles3.4 basketrack or partitioned container for placing articles in a test dishwasher3.5cleaning agentmixture of chemicals for use in a dishwasher for improvement of its soil removal capability3.6cleaning agent dispenser, automaticdevice which dispenses a defined portion of cleaning a
29、gent at the appropriate time during the test cycle3.7rinse agentmixture containing reagents which lower the surface tension, normally added to improve the drying effect and reduce the precipitation of salts3.8rinse agent dispenserdevice from which a defined volume of rinse agent is automatically dis
30、pensed at the appropriate time during the test cycle3.9water softenerdevice which reduces the hardness of water by a cation exchange system3.10normal corrected visionnaked eye corrected to normal vision if necessaryNOTEThis is usually by the wearing of spectacles.4 PrincipleUnused articles are repea
31、tedly exposed to a standardized test cycle in a test dishwasher which simulates usual household dishwashing machines. The test dishwasher is a machine in which a washing cycle consists of several partial steps: pre-wash, a cleaning step using alkaline cleaner, an intermediate rinse step, and the fin
32、al rinse during which a rinse aid is added. The washing cycle is followed by a drying step.The test dishwasher is fully loaded.After testing the articles are inspected for deviations from the original according to the conditions specified in the relevant standards for various groups of products.5 Re
33、agents5.1 WaterThe used water shall be drinking water and shall have a temperature of (15 5) C. It shall be softened by the cation exchanger as specified in 6.1.NOTE 1Attention is drawn to EU directive 80/778/EEC and any national legislation relating to drinking water.For testing metal articles, the
34、 chloride ion content shall not exceed 150 mg l-1 when determined in accordance with ISO 9297.For testing plastics articles, the copper content shall not exceed 0,03 mg l-1 when determined in accordance with ISO 8288.NOTE 2A higher copper content results in a noticeable yellowing of plastics.5.2 Cle
35、aning and rinse agentsFor the purpose of this test, cleaning detergent A containing phosphate, and the acidic rinse agent formula II, as given in IEC 60436, shall be used.6 Features of the test dishwasher6.1Water softener (cation exchanger), which shall be controlled to give a water hardness c(Ca2+
36、+ Mg2+)of between 0,3 mmol/l1) and 0,6 mmol/l2) , when tested in accordance with ISO 6059.6.2Heat supply sufficient to provide the heating rate specified in 8.3.c).6.3Constant water quantity for each washing cycle of (6,0 0,5) l, with a water pressure of between 5N/cm2 and 100 N/cm2.6.4Automatic pro
37、portioning devices to deliver the required amount of cleaning and rinse agents in each test cycle.6.5Automatic fully opening door or means of reducing temperature and humidity at an equivalent rate following completion of the washing cycle.6.6Thermostat with an accuracy of 1 C.6.7Automation to the e
38、ffect that the complete washing cycle specified in 8.3 is performed and repeated automatically.6.8Counter which records the number of washing cycles.6.9For safety the dishwasher shall comply with EN 60335-1 and EN 60335-2-5.7 Test specimensFor each article a sufficient number of unused specimens of
39、identical shape, size and surface finish shall be tested and further specimens shall be retained for reference.NOTEIt is recommended that at least three test specimens are tested in order to obtain representative results.The specimens shall be free of surface contamination, e.g. by washing by hand i
40、n a mild liquid detergent at about 45 C. The specimens shall be examined for any quality defects, and these shall be noted.8 Procedure8.1 Preparation of test dishwasherWhen testing metal articles, after each regeneration of the ion exchanger with sodium chloride, run one test cycle (see 8.3) with no test specimens.8.2 Loading the test dishwasherThe test dishwasher shall be