AS 2841-2005 Galvanized steel wire strand.pdf

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1、 AS 28412005 Australian Standard Galvanized steel wire strand AS 28412005 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee ME-007, Steel Wire Ropes. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 13 September 2004. This Standard was published on 4 January 2005. The following ar

2、e represented on Committee ME-007: Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Institute of Materials Engineering Australasia Shipping Australia Keeping Standards up-to-date Standards are living documents which reflect progress in science, technology and systems. To maintain their currency, all Stan

3、dards are periodically reviewed, and new editions are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued. Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves they are using a current Standard, which should include any amendments which may have been published since the

4、Standard was purchased. Detailed information about Standards can be found by visiting the Standards Web Shop at .au and looking up the relevant Standard in the on-line catalogue. Alternatively, the printed Catalogue provides information current at 1 January each year, and the monthly magazine, The G

5、lobal Standard, has a full listing of revisions and amendments published each month. Australian StandardsTM and other products and services developed by Standards Australia are published and distributed under contract by SAI Global, which operates the Standards Web Shop. We also welcome suggestions

6、for improvement in our Standards, and especially encourage readers to notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Contact us via email at mailstandards.org.au, or write to the Chief Executive, Standards Australia, GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001. This Standard was issued in dra

7、ft form for comment as DR 04064. The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing AS 28412005 Australian Standard Galvanized steel wire strand Originated as AS 28411986. Second edition 2005. COPYRIGHT Standards Australia All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in a

8、ny form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of the publisher. Published by Standards Australia, GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia ISBN 0 7337 6424 X AS 28412005 2 PREFACE This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Commi

9、ttee ME-007, Steel Wire Ropes to supersede AS 28411986. The objective of this Standard is to provide a consistent set of specifications for galvanized steel wire strand to aid communication between manufacturers, users and regulators of these products. The designation system used to describe the mec

10、hanical properties and construction of the strand is generally taken from ISO 17893, Steel wire ropesVocabulary, designations and classifications. An obvious departure is the Australian terminology for Spiral Strand is Strand. The term informative has been used in this Standard to define the applica

11、tion of the appendix to which it applies. An informative appendix is only for information and guidance. The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing AS 28412005 3 CONTENTS Page SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1 SCOPE 4 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 4 1.3 DEFINITIONS 4 1.4 DESIGNATION 5 1.5 STANDARD CO

12、NSTRUCTIONS 6 SECTION 2 MATERIALS 2.1 WIRE GRADE9 2.2 GALVANIZING9 2.3 LUBRICANT 9 SECTION 3 MANUFACTURE 3.1 CORE 10 3.2 DIRECTION OF LAY OF STRAND 10 3.3 LENGTH OF LAY 10 3.4 FORMING. 10 3.5 JOINTS 10 3.6 FREEDOM FROM DEFECTS 11 3.7 FINISHED DIMENSIONS 11 3.8 MASS OF STRAND 11 3.9 LUBRICATION 11 3.

13、10 SEIZING . 11 3.11 PACKING . 11 3.12 MARKING 12 SECTION 4 TESTS 4.1 TESTS ON COMPLETED STRAND 13 4.2 TESTS ON WIRES FROM STRAND. 14 4.3 TEST CERTIFICATES . 15 APPENDICES A PURCHASING GUIDELINES 16 B TESTS.18 AS 28412005 4 Standards Australia .au STANDARDS AUSTRALIA Australian Standard Galvanized s

14、teel wire strand S E C T I O N 1 S C O P E A N D G E N E R A L 1.1 SCOPE This Standard specifies requirements for galvanized round steel strand of the constructions given in Tables 1.1 and 1.2 and which are used for structural, and general purpose applications. This Standard excludes strand for conc

15、rete stressing and for automobiles and aeroplanes. 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following Standards are referred to in this Standard: AS 1391 Methods for tensile testing of metals 1394 Round steel wire for ropes 2193 Calibration and grading of force-measuring systems 1.3 DEFINITIONS For the purpose

16、of this Standard, the definitions below apply. 1.3.1 Minimum breaking force The tensile force that a sample of the strand must withstand without breaking when loaded in the prescribed manner. 1.3.2 Measured breaking force The maximum tensile force measured when a sample of strand is tested to destru

17、ction using the prescribed method. 1.3.3 Contra-lay Strand with more than one layer in which at least one layer of wires is laid in the opposite direction to the other layers. 1.3.4 Core The central member of a strand, which may be one of the following: (a) A single wire (king). (b) A group of wires

18、. 1.3.5 Galvanized strand Strand manufactured from zinc-coated or zinc alloy-coated wire produced in accordance with AS 1394. 1.3.6 Grade of wire The minimum value of the tensile strength of the wire in megapascals (MPa), expressed as a number. The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing DRAFT

19、 ONLY 5 DRAFT ONLY .au Standards Australia 1.3.7 Joint A weld made in a wire after final drawing of the wire. 1.3.8 Lay The term applied to (a) the manner of laying wires in strands; (b) the direction of laying; and (c) the pitch of the wire helix in the strand. 1.3.9 Lay length The pitch of the hel

20、ix of the outside wires of the strand in the longitudinal axis of the strand. 1.3.10 Direction of lay The direction of lay in defined as right-hand or left-hand. With right-hand lay, the slope of the wires is in the direction of the central part of the letter Z when the strand is held vertically. Wi

21、th left-hand lay, the slope of the wires is in the direction of the central part of the letter S when the strand is held vertically. In this Standard, the direction of lay is defined by the outer layer. 1.3.11 Layer A group of wires in a strand laid around the core, the same distance from the core.

22、1.3.12 Spiral strand rope See strand. 1.3.13 Strand diameter The diameter of the circumscribing circle. 1.3.14 Strand An assembly of round wires laid helically in one or more layers around a core. 1.4 DESIGNATION 1.4.1 Form of designation The complete designation of a steel wire strand shall specify

23、 the following characteristics in the order in which they are given: (a) Nominal diameter Expressed in millimetres. (b) Strand construction The number of wires in each separate layer, including the core, separated by the symbol +. The abbreviated construction is 1 total number of wires in the strand

24、. (c) Tensile grade of wires (MPa) A number that is the value, in megapascals, of the minimum tensile strength of the wires from which the strand is manufactured. This number is known as the grade of the strand. (d) Surface finish of the wire: (i) Class A hot dip coated (as a final operation) and wi

25、th Class W10 coating in accordance with AS 1394. (ii) Class B drawn after hot dip zinc coating and with Class W05 coating in accordance with AS 1394. Accessed by LA TROBE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 27 Mar 2007 AS 28412005 6 Standards Australia .au (e) Direction of lay The letter Z indicates the right-han

26、d direction of the outer layer; the letter S indicates the left-hand direction. NOTE: The minimum breaking force and linear mass will be assumed to be consistent with this Standard unless specified otherwise. 1.4.2 Examples Examples of designations are shown in Figure 1.1. 1.5 STANDARD CONSTRUCTIONS

27、 Standard constructions are given in Tables 1.1 and 1.2. These may be varied by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser in order to achieve particular results in terms of forming and flexibility. 4.2 1x3 1320 AZ (Abbreviated form: 1 x 3) 18 1x19 (12 + 6 + 1) 1570 AZ (Abbreviated form: 1

28、 x 19) 36 1x61 (24 + 18 + 12 + 6 + 1) 1570 AZ (Abbreviated form: 1 x 61) Dimension; diameter in mm Strand construction Tensile grade MPa Wire surface finish Lay direction 4.2 18 36 1 x 3 1 x 19 (12 + 6 + 1) 1 x 61 (24 + 18 + 12 + 6 + 1) 1320 1570 1570 A A A Z Z Z FORMAT OF DESIGNATIONS FIGURE 1.1 EX

29、AMPLES OF DESIGNATIONS Accessed by LA TROBE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 27 Mar 2007 The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing DRAFT ONLY 7 DRAFT ONLY .au Standards Australia TABLE 1.1 STRANDS FOR GENERAL PURPOSE APPLICATIONS 1 2 3 4 5 6 Minimum breaking force, kN Nominal dia. mm Construction (abbr

30、eviated form) 380 Grade 820 Grade 1320 Grade Nominal mass kg/100 m Nominal area mm2 Young modulus* GPa 4.2 5.7 2.5 1 3 1 3 1 7 1.4 3.0 11.7 21.4 7.6 13.4 3.2 9.43 17.17 3.97 180 180 170 3.0 3.5 4.0 1 7 1 7 1 7 2.0 2.8 3.5 4.3 6.2 7.6 9.9 12.2 4.4 6.3 8.7 5.56 7.92 10.8 170 170 170 5.0 6.0 7.0 1 7 1

31、7 1 7 5.4 7.9 10.7 11.7 17.0 23.1 18.8 27.4 37.2 12.8 17.7 25.5 15.9 26.6 31.7 170 170 170 8.0 9.0 10.0 1 7 1 7 1 7 14.6 17.8 21.9 30.2 38.4 47.3 48.6 61.8 76.1 32.3 39.8 51.2 40.1 49.5 63.6 170 170 170 11.0 12.0 10.0 1 7 1 7 1 19 26.6 31.6 57.4 68.2 46.0 92.4 109 74 60.6 75.4 50.4 75.3 88.0 60.3 17

32、0 170 166 12.0 14.0 16.0 1 19 1 19 1 19 63.2 86.0 101 137 182 72.6 98.8 129 87.2 119 144 166 166 166 * The values shown are indicative of values obtained after removal of constructional stretch. If a precise value is required, it should be determined by experiment. Accessed by LA TROBE UNIVERSITY LI

33、BRARY on 27 Mar 2007 AS 28412005 8 Standards Australia .au TABLE 1.2 STRANDS FOR STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS 1 2 3 4 5 6 Nominal dia. mm Construction* (abbreviated form) Minimum breaking force for 1570 Grade, kN Nominal mass kg/100, m Nominal area mm2 Young modulus GPa 10 12 14 1 19 1 19 1 19 88 126 172

34、 50.4 72.6 98.8 60.3 87.2 119 166 166 166 16 18 20 1 19 1 19 1 19 210 265 368 129 163 212 145 183 254 166 166 166 22 24 26 1 19 1 19 1 37 442 518 580 255 299 348 305 357 400 166 166 166 28 32 36 1 37 1 37 1 61 713 897 1150 427 538 687 491 618 789 166 166 166 40 44 48 1 61 1 61 1 91 1420 1710 2050 84

35、8 1050 1260 975 1200 1450 166 166 166 52 54 58 1 91 1 91 1 127 2400 2610 2850 1480 1610 1760 1700 1850 2020 166 166 158 64 70 76 1 127 1 169 1 169 3640 4450 4850 2250 2750 2990 2580 3150 3430 158 158 158 82 86 90 1 217 1 217 1 271 5560 6040 6940 3520 3830 4400 4050 4400 5050 158 158 158 95 102 1 271

36、 1 271 7550 8850 4790 5610 5500 6440 158 158 * For strand 70 mm diameter and greater, the number of wires may vary from that shown in the Table provided that the other physical properties are in accordance with those shown in the Table. The values shown are indicative of values obtained after remova

37、l of constructional stretch. If a precise value is required, it should be determined by experiment. Accessed by LA TROBE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 27 Mar 2007 The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing DRAFT ONLY 9 DRAFT ONLY .au Standards Australia S E C T I O N 2 M A T E R I A L S 2.1 WIRE GRAD

38、E All wires used in the construction of strand shall comply with AS 1394, and shall be of 380, 820, 1320, 1570, or 1770 grade. 2.2 GALVANIZING The steel wire shall be galvanized to comply with Class A unless another level of galvanizing consistent with the requirements of AS 1394 is requested (see N

39、ote 1). Class A is equivalent to W10Z in AS 1394. This is hot-dipped zinc coated as a final operation with Class W10 coating. Class B is equivalent to W05DZ in AS 1394. This is drawn after hot-dip zinc coating with Class W05 coating. NOTES: 1 For purchasing guidelines, see Appendix A. 2 AS/NZS 4534,

40、 Zinc and zinc/aluminium-alloy coatings on steel wire, is referenced in AS 1394, Round steel wire for ropes. This Standard provides additional information for the use of galvanized wire including guidelines on coating selection for corrosion protection on steel wire. 2.3 LUBRICANT Lubricants shall h

41、ave no injurious effects on the materials of the strand. They shall be of the proper consistency to be retained in the interstices of the strands. Accessed by LA TROBE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on 27 Mar 2007 AS 28412005 10 Standards Australia .au S E C T I O N 3 M A N U F A C T U R E 3.1 CORE The size of

42、the wire core of the strand shall be such that the covering wires can be evenly laid. 3.2 DIRECTION OF LAY OF STRAND Normally, the outside layer of strand shall be right-hand lay (Z). Under certain circumstances the outside layer may be left-hand lay (S) (see Note 2). NOTES: 1 Strand with more than

43、one layer (i.e., with 19 wires and above) is normally produced contra- lay to minimize torque and minimize any tendency for the strand to unlay under load. 2 For purchasing guidelines, see Appendix A. 3.3 LENGTH OF LAY The length of lay of wires in a strand layer shall be between 10 times and 16 tim

44、es the nominal diameter of the strand layer. 3.4 FORMING Strands consisting of seven wires or 19 wires shall be preformed. 3.5 JOINTS 3.5.1 Welding of joints Welds in wires shall be made by electric welding and shall be suitably annealed. Welds shall be dressed and protected against corrosion by a c

45、oating of thermally applied zinc alloy. 3.5.2 Spacing of joints The distance between joints shall be not less than the distance given in Table 3.1 or Table 3.2, as appropriate. Where strand listed in Table 1.1 is used for structural purposes, Table 3.2 shall apply to joints in such strand. NOTE: Und

46、er various circumstances, strand may be supplied joint-free, or joint-free in the outer layer (see Appendix A). TABLE 3.1 JOINTS IN OTHER THAN STRUCTURAL STRAND Minimum distance between joints in wires m Number of wires Outer layer Other wires 3 7 100 100 100 15 Accessed by LA TROBE UNIVERSITY LIBRA

47、RY on 27 Mar 2007 The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing DRAFT ONLY 11 DRAFT ONLY .au Standards Australia TABLE 3.2 JOINTS IN STRUCTURAL STRAND Minimum distance between joints in wires m Number of wires Outer layer Other wires 7 7 100 100 100 15 3.5.3 Joint marking Joints are not normally

48、 marked but under certain circumstances it may be a requirement of the purchaser that joints in wires in the outer layer be marked. NOTE: For purchasing guidelines, see Appendix A. 3.6 FREEDOM FROM DEFECTS The completed strand shall be evenly laid and free from loose or distorted wires or other irregularities and shall remain in this condition when properly unwound from the reel. 3.7 FINISHED DIMENSIONS 3.7.1 Nominal diameter The size of the strand