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1、 AS 3533.4.32007 Australian Standard Amusement rides and devices Part 4.3: Specific requirementsRoller coasters AS 3533.4.32007 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee ME-051, Amusement Rides and Devices. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 11 December 2006.
2、 This Standard was published on 30 January 2007. The following are represented on Committee ME-051: Australian Amusement Association Australian Amusement Leisure and Recreation Association Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Australian Industry Group Australian Ski Areas Association Consumer
3、s Federation of Australia Department for Administrative and Information Services, S.A. Department of Industrial Relations, Qld Department of Labour, New Zealand Engineers Australia Ministry of Economic Development, New Zealand Safety Institute of Australia Showmens Guild of Australasia Victorian Sho
4、wmens Guild Victorian WorkCover Authority WorkCover New South Wales Worksafe Western Australia This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 06288. Standards Australia wishes to acknowledge the participation of the expert individuals that contributed to the development of this Standard th
5、rough their representation on the Committee and through public comment period. Keeping Standards upKeeping Standards upKeeping Standards upKeeping Standards up- - - -totototo- - - -datedatedatedate Australian Standards are living documents that reflect progress in science, technology and systems. To
6、 maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and new editions are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued. Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves they are using a current Standard, which should include any amendments that m
7、ay have been published since the Standard was published. Detailed information about Australian Standards, drafts, amendments and new projects can be found by visiting www.standards.org.auwww.standards.org.auwww.standards.org.auwww.standards.org.au Standards Australia welcomes suggestions for improve
8、ments, and encourages readers to notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Contact us via email at mailstandards.org.aumailstandards.org.aumailstandards.org.aumailstandards.org.au, or write to Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001. AS 3533.4.32007 Australian Sta
9、ndard Amusement rides and devices Part 4.3: Specific requirementsRoller coasters First published as AS 3533.4.32007. COPYRIGHT Standards Australia All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
10、without the written permission of the publisher. Published by Standards Australia GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia ISBN 0 7337 7987 5 AS 3533.4.32007 2 PREFACE This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee, ME-051, Amusement Rides and Devices, to
11、 complement the general requirements for amusement rides and devices given in AS 3533.1, AS 3533.2 and AS 3533.3. This Standard was prepared by the Australian members of the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee ME-051. After consultation with stakeholders in both countries, Stan
12、dards Australia and Standards New Zealand decided to develop this Standard as an Australian Standard rather than an Australian/New Zealand Standard. The objective of this Standard is to provide designers, manufacturers, proprietors and operating staff with requirements and guidance specific to the d
13、esign, construction, operation and maintenance of roller coasters that will protect the health and safety of both operating staff and patrons. The Standard is part of a series designed to cover aspects of safety for amusement rides and devices. Parts 1 and 2 deal with the general aspects of safety c
14、ommon to all kinds of amusement rides and devices and are intended to be used in conjunction with the specific requirements for the particular type of ride. While some ride-specific requirements have been included in Parts 1 and 2, these are now being progressively moved into individual Standards in
15、 a new AS 3533.4 series. Parts in the AS 3533.4 series relate to particular rides or devices and give requirements and guidance tailored to the particular kinds of hazards relevant for that ride or device. It should be noted that compliance with this Standard alone does not necessarily ensure that a
16、ll legal obligations are being fulfilled. The term informative has been used in this Standard to define the application of the appendix to which it applies. An informative appendix is only for information and guidance. 3 AS 3533.4.32007 CONTENTS Page FOREWORD4 1 SCOPE5 2 APPLICATION 5 3 REFERENCED D
17、OCUMENTS5 4 DEFINITIONS6 5 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION .6 6 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE. 11 APPENDIX A HIGH ACCELERATION AREAS AND INVERTED ELEMENTS. 19 AS 3533.4.32007 4 FOREWORD At present various persons have been assigned a duty of care in the general occupational health and safety legislation in Aust
18、ralia. While the legislation is slightly different in each State, in general these duties can be interpreted as indicated in this Foreword and may provide an understanding of the basis for the requirements in this Standard. Under legislation, employers (including the operator of a roller coaster) ha
19、ve a duty to ensure the safety of their employees and other people at the workplace. The operator of a roller coaster has a duty to ensure that participants and others present are not exposed to risks arising from the activities at the workplace. This duty includes conducting a risk assessment of th
20、e ride and its operation to consider foreseeable risks to employees, participants and others, and to implement measures to eliminate or control such risks. Designers, manufacturers and suppliers of the roller coaster also have duties to ensure the plant and equipment is safe and without risk when us
21、ed properly. Additionally they need to provide information that is necessary to enable the plant to be used properly. 5 AS 3533.4.32007 www.standards.org.au Standards Australia STANDARDS AUSTRALIA Australian Standard Amusement rides and devices Part 4.3: Specific requirementsRoller coasters 1 SCOPE
22、This Standard sets out requirements and guidance for the design, construction, operation and maintenance of roller coasters. NOTE: This Standard refers to roller coasters whose main characteristic is that the motion of the vehicle is produced mainly by an exchange between potential and kinetic energ
23、y, and where an initial store of potential energy is provided by an elevating, launch or self-driven system. Coasters falling into this category may employ trains of interconnected vehicles, an individual vehicle or a number of individual vehicles, and may incorporate features in their track design
24、which cause inversions (loops) and high accelerations. They may travel in both forward and reverse directions. 2 APPLICATION This Standard should be used in conjunction with AS 3533.1, AS 3533.2 and AS 3533.3, which provide requirements and recommendations on matters common to all amusement rides an
25、d devices. Specific requirements in this Standard take precedence over corresponding requirements in AS 3533.1, AS 3533.2 and AS 3533.3. If the requirements of any part of this Standard conflict with any National, State or Territory regulations, the appropriate statutory regulations shall apply. 3 R
26、EFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following Standards are referred to in this Standard: AS 1720 Timber structures 1720.1 Part 1: Design methods 3533 Amusement rides and devices 3533.1 Part 1: Design and construction 3533.2 Part 2: Operation and maintenance 3533.3 Part 3: In-service inspection 3978 Non-destruc
27、tive testingVisual inspection of metal products and components 4024 Safeguarding of machinery 4024.1 Part 1: General principles (series) 60204 Safety of machineryElectrical equipment of machines 60204.1 Part 1: General requirements (IEC 60204-1, Ed.5 (FDIS) MOD) 61508 Functional safety of electrical
28、/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems 61508.1 Part 1: General requirements AS/NZS 1554 Structural steel welding 1554.1 Part 1: Welding of steel structures AS 3533.4.32007 6 Standards Australia www.standards.org.au AS/NZS 1554.5 Part 5: Welding of steel structures subject to high
29、 levels of fatigue loading 3000 Electrical installations (known as the Australian/New Zealand Wiring Rules) 4 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions below apply. 4.1 Competent person A person who has acquired through training, qualifications or experience, or a combination of
30、these, the knowledge and skills enabling that person to perform a specified task. 4.2 Risk assessment The overall process of hazard identification, risk analysis and risk evaluation. 4.3 Risk management The systematic application of management policies, procedures and practices to the tasks of ident
31、ifying, assessing, eliminating, controlling and monitoring risk. 4.4 Roller coaster A device where patrons are transported in wheeled vehicles continuously in contact with and along a fixed rail system permitting, in part or in whole, the motion to be the result of the acceleration due to gravity. 5
32、 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 5.1 General Where characteristics of the motion conferred on vehicles and patrons create hazards not anticipated in this Standard, designers shall eliminate the hazards or apply appropriate risk control measures. 5.2 Vehicles Vehicles for roller coasters shall comply with th
33、e following: (a) Any vehicle used on a given roller coaster shall be specifically designed and matched to the track and its configuration as installed. (b) Adequate padding shall be provided where the action of the device can cause patrons to be thrown upon or against any part of the vehicle. (c) Th
34、e interior and exterior parts of vehicles with which patrons can come in contact shall be smooth and rounded, free from sharp, rough or splintered edges and corners, and have no protruding studs, bolts, screws or other projections with the potential to cause injury. (d) No part of any vehicle in the
35、 train shall move sufficiently to come into unintended contact with any part of the track or any ancillary structure associated with the track. (e) Where vehicles are operated as trains, any interconnection shall incorporate a safety connection or other redundant or secondary device such that in the
36、 case of failure of the primary connection (i) the vehicles shall not separate or come together beyond a safe margin; (ii) there shall be no impairment to the function of braking or anti-roll-back systems; 7 AS 3533.4.32007 www.standards.org.au Standards Australia (iii) no portion of the interconnec
37、tion assembly shall become dislodged to the extent that it can fall from the train or interfere with the track or any ancillary structure in any way as to cause an additional hazard; (iv) the train shall maintain steerage sufficient to negotiate any feature of the track; and (v) the failure shall be
38、 readily observable or a means shall be in place to positively detect and signal that failure. (f) Safety ropes and similar devices shall not carry operational loading in normal circumstances and shall be configured to minimize wear and optimize ease of regular inspection. (g) Interlocking restraint
39、s shall comply with the requirements for such restraints in AS 3533.1 and shall be designed to achieve a factor of safety (ultimate failure of any component) of not less than 10, or shall incorporate redundant features providing equivalent safety which, upon coming into action, immediately flag or i
40、ndicate that occurrence in a readily identifiable manner. (h) Where restraints against ejection are not required, devices (such as lap bars or similar) to retain patrons generally in their proper riding position shall be provided, and shall comply with the requirements for non-interlocking restraint
41、s in AS 3533.1. (i) Vehicles shall be equipped with devices for the prevention of derailment and lift-off. Safety devices against lift-off (rollers or claws) shall in any case be calculated for the actual forces acting on them. As a minimum, they shall be sized for 50% of the fully loaded vehicle we
42、ight, even when there is no lift-off. 5.3 Track The track design of a roller coaster shall comply with the following: (a) Clearances to adjacent structures or parts of, or supports to, the track shall be such as to comply with the requirements for clearances in AS 3533.1, when considered in relation
43、 to the vehicles that are matched to the track. (b) Track elements creating high accelerations shall take into account the tolerance of patrons to magnitude, direction and duration of such accelerations. NOTE: See AS 3533.1 for information on the effects of acceleration on the human body. (c) The co
44、nfiguration of the track shall be such that for any condition of design loading of the vehicle or train, the vehicle or train shall be capable of travelling the full length of the track. The designer shall ensure that all critical characteristics (including loading, rolling performance and wind and
45、other environmental effects) for the roller coaster configuration and any related start-up and test procedures are made clear in the operations manual. (d) The designer shall consider the following in the design of the track: (i) For fixed location roller coasters, the effects of known wind conditio
46、ns on the motion of the vehicles or trains. For mobile roller coasters, the effects of the specified operational design wind speed when acting in the direction most adverse to motion of the vehicle or train. (ii) The peculiarities of motion pertaining to the lead and tail vehicles of a train which a
47、re caused by track elements. (iii) The safe and timely recovery of patrons and vehicles in the case of a failure causing the vehicle or train to stall at any point on the track. AS 3533.4.32007 8 Standards Australia www.standards.org.au (iv) The characteristics of the motion of vehicles and trains a
48、t locations where brakes may be situated and the resulting decelerations, occurring under all conditions of braking, affecting vehicles and patrons and, in particular, the reactive thrusts generated in the structure. (v) The facilitation of regular inspection and maintenance (e.g. cleaning, lubricat
49、ion, and similar) of the entire length of the track and, in particular, anti- roll-back and braking equipment. (vi) The need for corrosion protection to track and substructure steelwork and appropriate provisions to protect the internal surfaces of hollow members, including drainage. 5.4 Elevators (lifts)Machinery The elevating means (lift) of a roller coaster shall comply with the following requirements: (a) Where the failure of a continuous lifting element (chain, wire rope, or similar) would resu